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Biomedical subjects

C Gissane

Publications and source records attributed to C Gissane.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A 6-month prospective study of injury in Gaelic football.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the injury incidence in Gaelic football. METHODS: A total of 83 players from three counties were interviewed monthly about their injury experience, during the 6 months of the playing season. RESULTS: The injury rate was 13.5/1000 h exposure to Gaelic football (95% CI, 10.9 to 16.6). There were nearly twice as many injuries during matches (64.4%, 95% CI, 54.1 to 73.6) as in training (35.6%, 95% CI, 26.4 to 49.5). The ankle was found to be the most commonly injured site (13.3%, 95% CI, 7.8 to 21.9). The musculotendinous unit accounted for nearly 1/3 of all injuries (31.1%). The tackle accounted for 27.8% of the injuries sustained (tackler 10%, 95% CI, 5.4 to 17.9; player being tackled 17.9%, 95% CI, 11.2 to 26.9). Of total match injuries, 56.9% (95% CI, 46.1 to 67.1) were experienced in the second half as opposed to 39.7% (95% CI, 29.8 to 50.5) in the first half. CONCLUSIONS: Gaelic footballers are under considerable risk of injury. Greater efforts must be made to reduce this risk so that players miss less time from sport due to injury. Risk factors for injury in Gaelic football must now be investigated so that specific interventions may be established to reduce them.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Health and safety implications of injury in professional rugby league football.

BACKGROUND: Professional sport is characterized by high injury rates but is also covered by health and safety legislation. AIM: To examine the incidence of injury in professional rugby league as defined by the Reporting of Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 95). METHODS: All injuries received during playing and training to both first-team and 'academy' (<19 years old) players during two playing seasons at one professional club were recorded. The length of time a player was unable to take part in full training and playing was used as a measure of severity. Injuries were classified into minor injuries (0-3 days), over 3 day injuries or major injuries, in which the final two categories corresponded with RIDDOR 95. RESULTS: Thirty-two per cent (95% confidence interval=26-39%) of all injuries received satisfied the RIDDOR 95 criteria. The overall injury rate was 8.5 per 1000 h (7.2-9.9) for the first team and 4.1 per 1000 h (3.2-5.4) for the academy team. During match play the first-team injury rate was 157.7 per 1000 h (133.5-185.1) and 67.7 (51-81.1) for the academy team. Training injury rates were lower, at 0.5 per 1000 h (0.2-1.0) and 0.3 per 1000 h (0.1-0.8), respectively. CONCLUSION: The injury rate for professional rugby league is much higher than reported in other high-risk occupations such as mining and quarrying. The large differences in injury rates between first and academy teams have implications for young players likely to progress to first-team status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

An operational model to investigate contact sports injuries.

PURPOSE: A cyclical operational model is proposed to examine the interrelationship of a number of factors that are involved in sports injury epidemiology. In sports injury research, investigations often attempt to identify a unique risk factor that distinguishes an injured player. However, a wide variety of factors can contribute to a sports injury occurring, and an understanding of the cause of injury is important to advance knowledge. METHODS: The proposed model identifies a healthy/fit player initially, although the player may exhibit a number of intrinsic risk factors for sports injury. Before exposure to extrinsic risk factors, there is the opportunity for implementation of prevention strategies by coaching personnel and the sports medicine team. These strategies might include, among others, appropriate warm-up, adequate hydration, wearing protective equipment, and prophylactic taping. Additionally, preventative screening could take place to assess the various intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that could lead to sports injury. DISCUSSION: Two examples of how the operational model relates to contact sports injury cases are presented. Participating in sport inevitably exposes the player to external risk factors that predispose toward injury. The treatment of the injured player aims to restore the player to preinjury playing status and to prevent the injury from becoming chronic. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the application of this proposed cyclical model may lead to greater success in understanding the multifaceted nature of sports injuries and furthermore help minimize injury risk and support the rehabilitation of injured contact sports participants.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Fluid replacement needs of well-trained male and female athletes during indoor and outdoor steady state running.

Twelve male and six female well-trained middle distance athletes performed a series of six one hour runs at 75% VO2 peak pace under similar environmental states indoors (treadmill) and outdoors (track). Running was undertaken in control (C, no fluid), followed by water (W) and sports drink (SD) treatments, with each run separated by a one week interval. Both fluid treatments were supplied in volumes equivalent to individual body mass (fluid) losses incurred in the respective indoor and outdoor C treatments. Haemodynamic (plasma volume), physiological (heart rate and body temperature) and blood chemistry (blood lactate and glucose) measures were analysed as pre to post run changes (delta values). During the respective indoor and outdoor C treatments, males demonstrated approximately a twofold change in body mass (fluid) losses (delta 1.81 +/- 0.10 kg and 2.06 +/- 0.13 kg) compared with females (delta 0.93 +/- 0.11 kg and 1.32 +/- 0.12 kg) (all p<0.05). These losses resulted in almost a twofold fluid replacement need relative to body mass during the running phases of respective indoor and outdoor W and SD treatments in males compared with females (all p<0.05). Both W and SD treatments were effective in minimising the pre to post run disturbances in plasma volume, heart rate, body temperature and blood lactate, while SD treatment resulted in enhanced blood glucose changes. The results suggest gender specific differences in fluid replacement needs during steady state running, which need to be incorporated into fluid replacement strategies to compensate for the demands of training and competition in middle distance athletic events.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Injury in summer rugby league football: the experiences of one club.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the movement of the playing season from winter to summer would alter the risk of injury to players taking part in first team European professional rugby league. METHODS: The study design was a historical cohort design comparing winter and summer seasons in first team European rugby league, which recorded injuries received by players during match play. Each injury was classified according to site, type, player position, activity at the time of injury, and time off as a result of injury. RESULTS: The risk of injury when playing summer rugby league was higher than when playing winter rugby league (relative risk = 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.17)). Both forwards (1.08 (0.28 to 1.88)) and backs (2.36 (2.03 to 2.69)) experienced an increased risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Summer rugby may have resulted in a shift of injury risk factors as exhibited by a change in injury patterns. This may be due to playing conditions, but there were also some law changes. Changes in playing style, team tactics, player equipment, fitness preparation, and the reduced preseason break may also have had confounding effects on injury risk.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Differences in the incidence of injury between rugby league forwards and backs.

Evidence with regard to the incidence of injury to forwards and backs in the game of rugby league is extremely limited. A four year prospective study of all the injuries from one professional Rugby League club was conducted. All injuries that were received during match play were recorded, and those for forwards and backs compared. Forwards had a higher overall rates of injury than backs (139.4 [124.2-154.6] vs. 92.7 [80.9-104.6] per 1000 player hours, P < 0.00006). Forwards had a higher rate of injuries to all body sites with the exception of the ankle and the 'others' category of injury. They had significantly higher rates for the arm (11.6 [6.9-16.3] vs. 3.9 [1.4-6.4] per 1000 player hours, P = 0.005) and, the head and neck (53.9 [43.9-63.8] vs. 25.0 [18.7-31.4] injuries per 1000 player hours, P < 0.00006). Forwards had significantly more injuries than backs for contusions (17.1 vs. 7.3 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.85, P = 0.0044), lacerations (26.7 vs. 13.8 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.92, P = 0.0035) and haematomas (20.6 vs. 11.6 per 1000 player hours, z = 2.29, P = 0.02). Forwards were also more likely to be injured when in possession of the ball (70.5 [59.2-81.7] vs. 38.0 [30.2-45.7]), and also when tackling (33.2 [25.3-41.1] vs. 16.8 [11.6-22.1]). The higher rates of injury experienced by forwards were most likely as a result of their greater physical involvement in the game, both in attack and in defence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Injury in rugby league: a four year prospective survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of injury in English professional rugby league over a period of four playing seasons. METHODS: All injuries that were received by players during match play were recorded. Each injury was classified according to site, type, player position, team playing for, activity at the time of injury, and time off as a result of injury. RESULTS: The overall injury rate was 114 (95% confidence interval 105 to 124) per 1000 playing hours, the most frequent type of injury were muscular injuries [34 (29 to 40) per 1000 playing hours], while the most frequently injured site was the head and neck region [38 (16 to 25) per 1000 playing hours]. Players received the largest percentage of injuries when being tackled [46.3% (41.9 to 50.7)], most injuries required less than one week away from playing and training [70.1% (66.1 to 74.2)], and forwards had a higher injury rate than backs (139 v 93 injuries per 1000 hours). CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of injury in rugby league are undoubtedly due to the high amount of bodily contact in the game. Being tackled has the highest risk of injury, because of being hit forcibly by other players. Forwards suffer higher injury rates than backs, probably because they are involved in a larger number of physical collisions.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1992

Nursing evaluation: purposes, achievements and opportunities.

Evaluation has become a powerful, specialized discipline in recent decades, with its own sophisticated conceptual and technical apparatus. Evaluation of nursing has benefited strongly from these developments, as examples of cogent, recent evaluations demonstrate. Evaluation is already proving an indispensable practical tool for raising the quality of health care, and for advancing professional nursing standards. Nonetheless, there is room for further improvement. Neglected areas of nursing should be brought under the spotlight of evaluation, conceptual and methodological rigour should be strengthened, and training in research skills should be extended.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Gross efficiency responses to exercise conditioning in adult males of various ages.

This study investigated gross efficiency changes in a group of 60 adult males (mean age 39.2 +/- 1.2 years) resulting from endurance training and age-related responses to such training in sub-groups (each n = 20) of younger (30.7 +/- 0.7 years), intermediate (38.3 +/- 0.5 years) and older (48.6 +/- 1.1 years) subjects. Gross efficiency (%) was calculated from work output, oxygen consumption and RER energy equivalents following 10 min standard cycle ergometry exercise at 100 W and 50 rev min-1. Measurements were made at pre-, mid- and post-8 months of training, which involved progressive walking/jogging activities designed to enhance endurance capacity. In the total group, VO2 decreased pre- to post-training from 2.15 +/- 0.02 to 1.93 +/- 0.01 1 min-1 (P less than 0.01). In the sub-groups, both the younger and older subjects showed a significantly reduced VO2, from 2.17 +/- 0.01 to 1.98 +/- 0.04 1 min-1 and 2.05 +/- 0.08 to 1.86 +/- 0.03 1 min-1 respectively (P less than 0.05), but no significant changes were noted at mid-training. In the intermediate age subjects, while there were trends towards a reduced VO2, none was significant. The ANOVA revealed increased mean gross efficiency in the total group from pre- (14.3 +/- 0.1%) to post- (15.5 +/- 0.2%) (P less than 0.05) but not at mid-training (14.8 +/- 0.2%). While similar trends were observed in the sub-groups, gross efficiency increases were not significant, although changes in gross efficiency were reflected in VO2. The findings suggest that during standardized exercise, oxygen cost may be reduced and gross efficiency increased in adult males following endurance training and that such changes may take place over a variety of age ranges.

Adult↗