Biomedical subjects

C Gloxhuber

Publications and source records attributed to C Gloxhuber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of acetylcyanamide in rat and human after oral and dermal application of hydrogen cyanamide (H2NCN).

The main urinary metabolite of hydrogen cyanamide (syn.: cyanamide) in rat and man is acetylcyanamide (syn.: N-acetylcyanamide). An analytical method was developed to determine acetylcyanamide in the urine with a limit of quantification of less than 10 micrograms/l (mean recovery 96.1% using spikes of 20 micrograms/l; relative standard deviation less than 4%). This methodology is based upon ion chromatography using column-switch techniques and UV detection. It could be demonstrated that in rats an average of 45.6% of oral applied cyanamide (10 mg/kg) was excreted in the urine as acetylcyanamide. In male human volunteers a mean of 40% of oral administered cyanamide (mean dose 0.25 mg/kg body weight) was excreted via the urine as acetylcyanamide. The same group of volunteers participated in a skin absorption study with dermal application of the above cyanamide dose onto a skin surface area of 32 cm2. Within an application period of 6 h an average cyanamide quantity of 2.3 mg was available for skin absorption. A mean portion of 7.7% of this quantity was found as acetylcyanamide in the urine of the participants. Findings from literature state that cyanamide is metabolized in vitro to cyanide. According to examinations performed in vivo, however, such a metabolic pathway seems to be irrelevant for man. In comparison with the control values there was no significant increase of both the cyanide concentrations in the blood and the thiocyanate concentrations in the urine of the above volunteers after the described oral cyanamide administration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1985

Modification of the Draize eye test for the safety testing of cosmetics.

Until alternatives to the Draize test have been developed and shown to be adequate for assessing the safety of cosmetic products, modification of the existing method to reduce the numbers of animals required and the severity of the effects induced is of great importance. In the testing of cosmetic products, comparison with already known products plays an important role. Tests to demonstrate whether a new product is better or less well tolerated than a known one can be carried out with concentrations that are only slightly irritating. A decrease or increase in effect is clearly identifiable with these relatively low concentrations, and allows the product to be appropriately assessed.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

The mouse intradermal test, a well-established and reliable model in skin tolerance testing.

The intradermal test in mice is a valuable model for assessing dermal tolerance to chemical substances. The test material is administered intracutaneously to hairless or depilated mice through a fine syringe, the animals are killed after 24 hours and the treated skin is removed, dried and assessed for reaction area, erythema and oedema. The skin fragments can be preserved as a record of the findings. While direct transfer of the findings from mouse to man is likely to be misleading, the test is well suited to comparative studies. Moreover it requires only small numbers of mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Percutaneous absorption of formaldehyde in rats.

As formaldehyde is used as a preservative in cosmetic products, its dermal absorption from an O/W-cream was studied using rats. [14C]Formaldehyde as a tracer, together with non-labelled formaldehyde, was incorporated into a cream at a total concentration of 0.1%. Approx. 5% of the applied radioactivity was absorbed percutaneously within 48 h. Higher values were not found under occlusive conditions. The labelled substance was excreted primarily in urine and exhaled air. Further radioactivity was found in the carcass. Based on these results, a rough approximation was attempted of the amount of formaldehyde which could penetrate human skin after the application of a formaldehyde-containing cosmetic.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Zeolithe A--A phosphate substitute for detergents: toxicological investigation.

Tests on Zeolithe A, a sodium aluminium silicate developed as a substitute for phosphates in detergents, were designed to investigate the safety of exposure to the material, or to detergents containing it, either under industrial conditions encountered during manufacturing processes or as a consequence of domestic use. The test programme included oral studies (acute, subchronic and long-term carcinogenicity tests and absorption measurements), and dermal, ocular and inhalation studies on the silicate alone and on appropriate detergent formulations, as well as studies of possible silicogenic activity and metal-complexing potential and measurements of dust generation and particle-size distribution. These studies did not produce any evidence to suggest that levels of domestic and industrial exposure resulting from the projected use of Zeolithe A in detergents would present any hazard to health. Zeolithe A did not induce silicotic tissue reactions and when incorporated into detergent formulations did not increase the liberation of fine dusts.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1978

Toxicologic properties of fluorescent whitening agents.

From the collection of toxicologic data, it is seen that the fluorescent whitening agents are a well-investigated class of compounds. Only in one of the groups of compounds investigated did it appear advisable to discontinue the use of a particular product on the basis of the toxicologic findings. In the large number of the other cases, the findings indicate that there is a considerable degree of toxicologic safety in the use of the FWAs in soap and detergent products.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

A new inflammation model.

The UV-edema in the hairless mouse is a suitable inflammation model as the degree of edema can be quantified - the degree of edema being a function of the irradiation time. The UV-edema may also be employed in the testing of antiphlogistics using oral administration as well as cutaneous application.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Studies on the reaction of skin when exposed to fluorescent whitening agents.

In hand washing tests with detergents containing fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), the amounts of whitener left on both hands were determined by TLC spectrophotometry: they varied from 0.06 mg to 0.17 mg. Whiteners of different chemical constitutions behaved in a very similar manner. After 24 hours the skin of the treated hands was virtually free of whitener.

Animals↗

PubMed1974