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Biomedical subjects

C Gnanamuthu

Publications and source records attributed to C Gnanamuthu.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Autosomal recessive limb girdle myasthenia in two sisters.

Limb girdle myasthenic syndromes are rare genetic disorders described under the broad heterogeneous group known as congenital myasthenic syndromes and present with mixed features of myasthenia and myopathy. The familial limb girdle myasthenia has been described as one with selective weakness of pectoral and pelvic girdles, showing a positive response to edrophonium chloride. A report of two sisters affected by this disorder is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hemispherotomy for paediatric hemispheric epilepsy.

We present here the results of our series of peri-insular hemispherotomy for intractable hemispheric epilepsy. There were 6 children in this series with a mean age of 10.2 years and mean duration of seizures of 7.2 years. The seizure results were excellent in all children and they also showed significant improvement in functional status. This procedure has significant advantages when compared to other forms of hemispherectomy. However, a larger experience with longer periods of follow-up is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Acquired dural fistulae in benign intracranial hypertension: a short case report.

Venous sinus thrombosis has been regarded as a known cause of intracranial hypertension. We report a case of long-standing raised intracranial hypertension (ICT) that presented with deteriorating vision in both eyes. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain and cerebral angiography showed blockage of superior saggital sinus and sigmoid sinuses with bilateral dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Outcomes in the Guillain Barre syndrome: the role of steroids.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is one of the commonest demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system. This retrospective cohort study reports the outcomes of 97 patients in a large teaching hospital in South India. Fifty patients were treated with steroids and 47 had no steroids. Twenty one of the 41 evaluable patients in the steroid group had functional improvement at discharge as compared to 20 of 42 evaluable patients in the non-steroid group. Six patients in each group had worsening of their weakness. Steroids did not show any significant beneficial effect in either improving the disability scores at discharge (steroid-0.42 vs. non-steroid-0.29) or in reducing the duration of ICU stay (4 vs. 8 median days). A higher proportion of patients on steroids developed complications (p = 0.02). The median duration of hospital stay was 16 days in the steroid group as opposed to 14 days in the group not treated with steroids. The mortality was 6 in the steroid treated group and 5 in the non-steroid group. Steroids have no significant benefit on the outcome of GBS.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Delayed effects of exposure to organophosphorus compounds.

In a group of 34 industrial workers, chronically exposed to organophosphorus (OP) compounds, serum pseudocholinesterase activity was depressed significantly in the exposed group as compared to the control group. There was a significantly higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy among the workers exposed to OP compounds, as compared to the control group. Mild to profound sensorineural hearing deficits were detected in both the exposed and control groups. As the pre-exposure hearing status of the workers was not known and since many other factors can also cause pathological changes in the cochlear nerve, a definite conclusion about the ototoxic nature of the OP compounds could not be drawn.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sequence analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I strains from southern India: gene amplification and direct sequencing from whole blood blotted onto filter paper.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in India has been found to be associated with adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) among life-long residents of southern India. To examine the heterogeneity of HTLV-I strains from southern India and to determine their relationship with the sequence variants of HTLV-I from Melanesia, 1149 nucleotides spanning selected regions of the HTLV-I gag, pol, env and pX genes were amplified and directly sequenced from DNA extracted from whole blood blotted onto filter paper and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from one patient with HAM/TSP, two with ATLL and eight asymptomatic carriers from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Sequence alignments and comparisons indicated that the 11 HTLV-I strains from southern India were 99.2% to 100% identical among themselves and 98.7% to 100% identical to the Japanese prototype HTLV-I ATK. The majority of base substitutions were transitions and silent. No frameshifts, insertions, deletions or possibly disease-specific base changes were found in the regions sequenced. The observed clustering of the Indian HTLV-I strains with those from Japan, as determined by the maximum parsimony method, suggested a common source of HTLV-I infection with subsequent parallel evolution. Amplification of DNA from blood specimens collected on filter paper may be useful for the study of other blood-borne pathogens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Laryngeal stridor in myasthenia gravis.

Two patients with laryngeal stridor secondary to myasthenia gravis are reported. The cause of bilateral abductor weakness in myasthenia is discussed; anticipation of the stridor in myasthenic patients is highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

High incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in south India.

During 1983-7 a clinical diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was confirmed by the detection of measles virus haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 81 subjects resident in Tamilnadu. The antibody titre (reciprocol of the end-point dilution) in the CSF ranged from 2 to 32 and in the sera from 8 to 2048. The CSF:serum ratios of titres were 1:4-1:64 in 80 cases and 1:128 in one case. The median age at onset of SSPE was 10 years and 97% of cases were diagnosed at stage 2 and beyond. Based on the geographic distribution of 72 cases in an estimated population of 8.4 million, the annual incidence of SSPE was calculated to be 2.14 per million population, or 4.3 cases per million children below 20 years. Assuming that only 10% of all cases would have reached the level of laboratory diagnosis, the incidence may be as high as 21 cases per million population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Transient neurologic symptoms. Narrowing the vast field of causes.

Transient neurologic symptoms are common in clinical practice and can take many forms (eg, loss of consciousness, confusion, vertigo, seizures, drop attacks, behavioral abnormalities). They are often subtle and episodic and their source can be the central nervous, cardiovascular, metabolic, or endocrine system, or they can be caused by space-occupying lesions. A detailed knowledge of such symptoms and their possible causes is invaluable to confidently approach the problem in a systematic manner. Evaluation should begin with careful history taking and physical examination for intercurrent illness and a baseline set of tests. Investigation usually includes computed tomography of the brain and often magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and/or electroencephalography as well. Further, specific studies are chosen on the basis of the suspected diagnosis and the information being sought.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1989

Human cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Evidence for identity between the serum and cerebrospinal fluid butyrylcholinesterase.

Human cerebrospinal fluid contained both acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) and they were estimated in the presence of selective inhibitors. Butyrylcholinesterase of human cerebrospinal fluid was similar to human serum butyrylcholinesterase in its electrophoretic mobility, glycoprotein nature and tyramine activation of the aryl acylamidase (EC 3.5.1.13) activity exhibited by butyrylcholinesterase. Moreover antibody raised against human serum purified butyrylcholinesterase could completely immunoprecipitate butyrylcholinesterase from human cerebrospinal fluid without affecting acetylcholinesterase. It is suggested that a useful method for the precise determination of acetylcholinesterase in human cerebrospinal fluid would be removal of butyrylcholinesterase by immunoprecipitation using antibody raised against human serum butyrylcholinesterase.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

Confusional states and seizures. When are they related?

Although less often due to seizures than to other conditions, confusional states may be associated with complex partial seizures in adults or absence (petit mal) seizures in younger persons and children. Absence of a metabolic disorder, intoxication, or risk factors for cerebral ischemia increases the probability that seizure caused the confusional state. A computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is essential when the patient is acutely ill or has had several recent confusional episodes. Once a seizure disorder is diagnosed, appropriate drug therapy can be started.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resolution of cryptococcal meningitis and associated granuloma lung with antifungal therapy: report of a case.

A 49-year-old diabetic male had been unsuccessfully treated with antitubercular therapy for a granulomatous lesion of the left lung detected elsewhere nine months ago. He presented with evidence of meningitis which was found to be due to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Both the meningeal and lung lesions resolved after 6 weeks of combined therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. The report of the case along with a brief review of the relevant literature is presented.

Amphotericin B↗