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Biomedical subjects

C Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to C Goldman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Iron bioavailability from fortified fluid milk and petit suisse cheese determined by the prophylactic-preventive method.

In this research, we measure the iron bioavailability of micronized ferric orthophosphate when it is used to fortify low-fat fluid milk enriched with calcium and petit suisse cheese using the prophylactic-preventive method in rats. Four groups of male weaned rats received a basal diet (control diet; 6.5 ppm Fe), a reference standard diet (SO4Fe; 18.2 ppm Fe), a basal diet using iron-fortified fluid milk as the iron source (milk diet; Fe ppm 17.9), and a basal diet using iron-fortified petit suisse cheese as the iron source (cheese diet; 18.0 ppm Fe) for 22 d. The iron bioavailability of the different sources was calculated as the ratio between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin during the experiment and the total iron intake per animal. The relative biological values with regard to the reference standard (RBV%) were 61% and 69% for the milk and cheese diet, respectively. These results show that according to this method, the iron bioavailability in both fortified foods can be considered as medium bioavailability rates.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Determination of relative bioavailability of zinc in a petit suisse cheese using weight gain and bone zinc content in rats as markers.

The aim of the study was to determine the relative bioavailability of zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine in a Petit Suisse cheese from an infant dessert. Weight gain and bone zinc content were the nutritional responses evaluated for the diets of different zinc content: 2 ppm (basal) and 5, 10, and 30 ppm from zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine and zinc sulfate. Nonlinear regression analysis of the fitted curves for weight gain determined a relative zinc bioavailability of 100% for the Y max ratio and 96% for Ymax/t1/2 ratio for zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine (R2=0.7996 for zinc sulfate and 0.8665 for zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine). The slope ratio analysis from linear regression of femur zinc determined a relative zinc bioavailability of 93% for zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine (R 2=0.8693 for zinc sulfate and 0.8307 for zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine). Zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine has similar bioavailability as zinc sulfate in a Petit Suisse cheese nutritional matrix, with the advantage that the stabilized compound does not modify the sensorial characteristics of the fortified cheese.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Normal growth rate in rats is recovered after a period of zinc deficiency by restoration of zinc supply by means of a zinc-fortified Petit Suisse cheese.

Fortification of a Petit Suisse cheese with zinc sulfate and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine was used as a tool to overcome zinc-deficiency effects on total-body growth and skeletal growth. Animals were divided in 4 groups of 10 rats: basal (B), control (C), depletion-repletion 1 (DR1), and depletion-repletion 2 (DR2). These four groups were fed with four diets: basal (2 ppm Zn), control (30 ppm Zn), DR1, and DR2; they received a basal diet for 14 d and a control diet for the other 14 d of the experiment, using zinc sulfate for DR1 and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine for DR2. After 28 d of the experiment, total-body weight and weight gain of the control and DR1 and DR2 animals were not statistically different (p<0.05), Femur weight and femur zinc content of DR1 and DR2 did not achieve the values of control animals (p<0.05), but they were higher than that of basal animals. Our results show that restoration of dietary zinc levels by means of food fortification normalized weight gain, as an indicator of total-body growth, and presented a trend to normalize bone weight, as a marker of skeletal growth, in young rats and independently of the zinc source used.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Nutritional and technological behavior of stabilized iron-gluconate in wheat flour.

Food fortification has been shown to be an effective strategy to overcome iron malnutrition. When a new iron compound is developed for this purpose, it must be evaluated from a nutritional and technological point of view before adding it into foods. In this way, we have evaluated ferrous gluconate stabilized by glycine as a new iron source to be used in wheat flour fortification. We performed biological studies in rats as well as sensory perceptions by human subjects in wheat flour fortified with this iron source. The productions of pentane as a rancidity indicator as well as the change of the sensorial properties of the biscuits made with stabilized ferrous gluconate-fortified wheat flour were negligible. Iron absorption in water from this iron source was similar to the reference standard ferrous sulfate. Nevertheless, because of the phytic acid content, iron absorption from fortified wheat flour decrease 40% for both iron sources. The addition of zinc from different sources did not modify iron absorption from ferrous sulfate and stabilized ferrous gluconate in water and wheat flour. The iron absorption mechanism as well as the biodistribution studies demonstrate that the biological behavior of this iron source does not differ significantly from the reference standard. These results demonstrate that the iron source under study has adequate properties to be used in wheat flour fortification. Nevertheless, more research is needed before considering this iron source for its massive use in food fortification.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Review article: is there a link between micronutrient malnutrition and Helicobacter pylori infection?

Helicobacter pylori causes a chronic gastric infection, which is usually life-long. Many epidemiological studies have shown that this is probably one of the most common bacterial infections throughout the world involving 30% of the population living in developed countries and up to 80-90% of the population in developing regions. Concomitantly, developing regions also have high prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition. In the last few years, some studies have suggested that H. pylori infection may affect the homeostasis of different micronutrients including iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and beta-carotene. In this article, we discuss the current scientific information of the effect that H. pylori infection may produce on micronutrient malnutrition.

Helicobacter Infections↗
PubMed2004

Zinc deficiency and growth: current concepts in relationship to two important points: intellectual and sexual development.

Zinc deficiency remains a serious health problem worldwide affecting developed as well as developing countries. Despite the evidence proving that zinc deprivation during the periods of rapid growth negatively affects the cognitive brain as well as sexual development, there are few complete studies carried out in children. The present article proposes a revision of the evidence gathered until now on the relationship existing between zinc deficiency and intellectual and sexual development during the stages of childhood, preadolescence, and adolescence.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Systemic coagulation and fibrinolysis after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass.

HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic gastric bypass (GBP) induces a postoperative hypercoagulable state that is similar or reduced compared with open GBP. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Between May 1999 and June 2000, 70 patients were randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 36) or open (n = 34) GBP. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis consisted of antiembolism stockings and sequential pneumatic compression devices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasminogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III (AT), and protein C levels were measured at baseline and at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. A venous duplex examination of both lower extremities was performed preoperatively and between the third and fifth day postoperatively. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar in age, weight, and body mass index. Plasminogen levels decreased, and TAT, F1.2, and fibrinogen levels increased after laparoscopic and open GBP. There was no significant difference in these levels between groups. D-dimer levels increased in both groups, but the levels were significantly higher after open GBP than after laparoscopic GBP (P<.01). Antithrombin III and protein C levels decreased in both groups. The reduction of AT (at 1 hour) and protein C (at 72 hours) was significantly less after laparoscopic GBP than after open GBP (P<.05). Postoperative venous duplex examination revealed DVT in 1 (2.9%) of 34 patients after open GBP but in none of 36 patients after laparoscopic GBP. One patient developed pulmonary embolism after open GBP. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic GBP induces a hypercoagulable state similar to that of open GBP. Our findings suggest that DVT prophylaxis should be used during laparoscopic GBP as in open GBP.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of pulmonary function and postoperative pain after laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Impairment of pulmonary function is common after upper abdominal operations. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pulmonary function and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing either laparoscopic or open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). STUDY DESIGN: Seventy patients with a body mass index of 40 to 60 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic (n = 36) or open (n = 34) GBP. The two groups were similar in age, gender, body mass index, pulmonary history, and baseline pulmonary function. Pulmonary function studies were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Oxygen saturation and chest radiographs were performed on both groups preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and the amount of narcotic consumed was recorded. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation. RESULTS: Laparoscopic GBP patients had significantly less impairment of pulmonary function than open GBP patients on the first three postoperative days (p < 0.05). By the 7th postoperative day, all pulmonary function parameters in the laparoscopic GBP group had returned to within preoperative levels, but only one parameter (peak expiratory flow) had returned to preoperative levels in the open GBP group. On the first postoperative day, laparoscopic GBP patients used less morphine than open GBP patients (46 +/- 31 mg versus 76 +/- 39 mg, respectively, p < 0.001), and visual analog scale pain scores at rest and during mobilization were lower after laparoscopic GBP than after open GBP (p < 0.05). Fewer patients after laparoscopic GBP than after open GBP developed hypoxemia (31% versus 76%, p < 0.001) and segmental atelectasis (6% versus 55%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic gastric bypass resulted in less postoperative suppression of pulmonary function, decreased pain, improved oxygenation, and less atelectasis than open gastric bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes, quality of life (QOL), and costs of laparoscopic and open gastric bypass (GBP). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic GBP has been reported to be a safe and effective approach for the treatment of morbid obesity. The authors performed a prospective randomized trial to compare outcomes, QOL, and costs of laparoscopic GBP with those of open GBP. METHODS: From May 1999 to March 2001, 155 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 to 60 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic (n = 79) or open (n = 76) GBP. The two groups were similar in age, sex ratio, mean BMI, and comorbidities. Main outcome measures included operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, operative complications, percentage of excess body weight loss, and time to return to activities of daily living and work. Changes in QOL were assessed using the SF-36 Health Survey and the bariatric analysis of reporting outcome system (BAROS). Operative and hospital costs of the two operations were also compared. RESULTS: There were no deaths in either group. Mean operative time was longer for laparoscopic GBP than for open GBP, but operative blood loss was less. Two (2.5%) of the 79 patients in the laparoscopic group required conversion to laparotomy. Median length of hospital stay was shorter for laparoscopic GBP patients (3 vs 4 days). The rate of postoperative anastomotic leak was similar between groups. Wound-related complications such as infection (10.5 vs 1.3%) and incisional hernia (7.9 vs 0%) were more common after open GBP; late anastomotic stricture was less frequent after open GBP (2.6 vs 11.4%). Time to return to activities of daily living and work were shorter after laparoscopic GBP than after open GBP. Weight loss at 1 year was similar between groups. Preoperative SF-36 scores were similar between groups; however, at 1 month after surgery, laparoscopic patients had better physical conditioning, social functioning, general health, and less body pain than open GBP patients. At 6 months, the BAROS outcome was classified as good or better in 97% of laparoscopic GBP patients compared with 82% of open GBP patients. Operative costs were higher for laparoscopic GBP patients, but hospital costs were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic GBP is a safe and cost-effective alternative to open GBP. Despite a longer operative time, patients undergoing laparoscopic GBP benefited from less blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, and faster convalescence. Laparoscopic GBP patients had comparable weight loss at 1 year but a more rapid improvement in QOL than open GBP patients. The higher initial operative costs for laparoscopic GBP were adequately offset by the lower hospital costs.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Phylogenetic study of the spatial distribution of protein-coding and control segments in DNA chains.

We examine the size and spatial distributions of the protein-coding and control segments of genes in DNA nucleotide sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these data suggests the presence of spatial order in sequences of higher organisms, irrespective of the nature of nucleotide base content. This is characterized by defined two-point correlation functions and measured by fractal dimensions and singularity spectrum.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

99mTc-ENS ventilation scintigraphy: preliminary study in human volunteers.

Exogenous natural surfactant (ENS) labeled with (99m)Tc ((99m)Tc-ENS, 900-1110 MBq), a new radiopharmaceutical for ventilation scintigraphy, was nebulized during 3 min to five volunteers. For comparative purposes, (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) was studied in the same way. (99m)Tc-ENS images were of at least the same quality as (99m)Tc-DTPA images. However, in smoking volunteers, the (99m)Tc-DTPA images show some areas that seemed to be not well-ventilated, although these areas appeared well-ventilated when the study was performed with (99m)Tc-ENS. These results suggest that (99m)Tc-ENS can be used for ventilation scintigraphy to allow the observation of some areas that cannot been visualized using (99m)Tc-DTPA as ventilation agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Role of soft and hard aggregates in the thermodynamics of lipid dispersions.

We study the thermodynamics of a two-dimensional polydisperse ideal gas model of different species of aggregates. We show that if these aggregates are distinguished not only by their sizes but also by their ability to display shape fluctuations, the system presents dominance of one or other species, depending on the temperature region. This result, which emerges solely from the statistics of the model in total absence of interaggregate interactions, describes well the observed temperature dependence of light scattering in dispersions of dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, a negatively charged lipid.

Light↗
PubMed1999

Stable isotope techniques for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical practice. 13C-Urea Breath Test in different experimental conditions.

The 13C-UBT has been demonstrated to be a reliable method for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of our work is to determine the cut-off point of the 13C-UBT for samples collected as gas or collected in a solution of triethanolamine. For this purpose, patients fasted for at least 6 hours were able to collect basal samples before the administration of 65 mg of 13C-urea solution. Breath samples were taken 10, 30 and 60 minutes after the administration of the labeled solution. All the samples were collected in gas collectors and in glass vials containing 1 ml of a 7% triethanolamine solution. The cut-off points for gas collected samples were established in 4.0/1000, 4.6/1000 and 4.4/1000 for 10, 30 and 60 minutes samples, respectively, while for the samples collected in triethanolamine solution, cut-off points were established in 5.0/1000, for the 10 minutes samples, in 3.5/1000 for the 30 minutes samples and 4.7/1000 for the 60 minutes samples. We found that this test has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% for H. pylori detection in both experimental conditions, when multiple breath samples are taken. If we considered only the 30 minutes time, sensitivity and specificity diminish for the gas collected samples. We conclude that the collection of breath samples in triethanolamine solution allows a better differentiation between H. pylori infected and non infected patients than gas collected samples.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

MIN 14C UBT: a combination of gastric basal transit and 14C-urea breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in human beings.

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that the 14C-urea breath test (UBT) performed at different times combined with the study of the gastric basal transit, which evaluates the intragastric displacement of a labeled solution under fasting conditions, has the advantage of being representative of the whole stomach surface and constitutes a non-aggressive test for the detection of H. pylori. This test, which has been called MIN 14C UBT, is a modification of the conventional 14C UBT in which low volumes of a solution of 14C-urea together with 99mTc-sulfur colloid are administered. The 99mTc-sulfur colloid is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has the great advantage of allowing the "visualization" of the transit of the 14C-urea within the gastrointestinal tract. This modification allows the simultaneous determination of the production of the 14CO2 and the place where this process occurs. The results show that there is a good correlation between the images obtained and the breath samples collected. We found that this test has a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 96% for H. pylori detection.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1997

Comparative study of poliovirus excretion after vaccination of infants with two oral polio vaccines prepared on Vero cells or on primary monkey kidney cells.

A comparative study was designed to assess the bioequivalence of 2 oral poliovaccines (OPV) produced on 2 different cell systems: primary monkey kidney (PMK) cells and the Vero cell line. The Vero cell line has been used to overcome the problem of obtaining a regular supply of high quality monkeys that are devoid of latent viruses. For this study, 9 children were vaccinated with PMK-OPV and 12 children with Vero-OPV. The comparison covered poliovirus excretion, reversion of polioviruses in the 5'-noncoding region, and immunogenicity. Major molecular markers in the 5'-noncoding region related to neurovirulence already had been identified at position 480 for type 1, position 481 for type 2, and position 472 for type 3 poliovirus. Two nucleic-acid based methods were designed for studying these positions: a RT-PCR followed by sequencing, which required preliminary culture and cloning; and a type-specific nested PCR followed by sequencing, which enabled direct detection and genotyping of polioviruses. Twenty-eight stool specimens were analyzed by this second method with no PCR inhibition problem. The use of Vero cell line did not modify the global pattern of poliovirus excretion, reversion frequency, or seroconversion. These results provide additional support for the use of the well-characterized Vero cell line in OPV manufacturing.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Heat stress induces hsc70/nuclear topoisomerase I complex formation in vivo: evidence for hsc70-mediated, ATP-independent reactivation in vitro.

We previously demonstrated that in murine T cells thermotolerance correlated with heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) synthesis and protection of nuclear type I topoisomerase (topo I). Topo I activity returned to normal levels following heat stress even in cells not rendered thermotolerant by a prior heat shock. Recovery of topo I activity was not dependent on de novo protein synthesis, suggesting that the cell possesses a pathway(s) for refolding this nuclear protein. In this report we demonstrate that topo I and hsc70, the constitutively produced member of the hsp70 family, associated in vivo during heat stress. That this association may play a physiologically important role in protecting topo I activity from heat stress was suggested by the observation that hsc70 protected topo I from heat inactivation in vitro. hsc70 but not actin also reactivated previously heat-denatured topo I in a dose-dependent fashion. However, refolding of heat-denatured topo I by purified hsc70 was inefficient relative to a hsc70-containing cell lysate. Protection from heat inactivation as well as reactivation by hsc70 did not require exogenous ATP. Similarly, reactivation by the cell lysate was not inhibited by ADP or a nonhydrolyzable analogue of ATP. Thus, our studies suggest that nuclear topo I complexes with hsc70 during heat stress, which may explain, at least in part, why hsp70 proteins accumulate in the nucleus, particularly the nucleolus. This interaction may limit heat-induced protein damage and/or accelerate restoration of protein function in an ATP-independent reaction.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗