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Biomedical subjects

C Good

Publications and source records attributed to C Good.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Rates and predictors of hepatitis C virus treatment in HCV-HIV-coinfected subjects.

BACKGROUND: True treatment rates and the impact of comorbidities on treatment rates for hepatitis C virus in the HCV-HIV-coinfected subjects are unknown. AIM: To quantify the rates of treatment prescription and the effect of comorbidities on hepatitis C virus treatment rates in HCV-HIV-coinfected veterans. METHODS: The Veterans Affairs National Patient Care Database was used to identify all hepatitis C virus-infected subjects between 1999 and 2003 using ICD-9 codes. Demographics, comorbidities and pharmacy data were retrieved. We used logistic regression to compare the predictors of hepatitis C virus treatment in hepatitis C virus-monoinfected and HCV-HIV-coinfected subjects. FINDINGS: We identified 120 507 hepatitis C virus-infected subjects, of which 6502 were HIV coinfected. 12% of the hepatitis C virus-monoinfected and 7% of the -coinfected subjects were prescribed hepatitis C virus treatment (P < 0.0001). Those not prescribed treatment were older (48.6 years vs. 47.7 years, P = 0.007) and more likely to be black (52% vs. 32%, P < 0.0001). HIV coinfected was less likely to be prescribed hepatitis C virus treatment (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67-0.82). Among the coinfected subjects, the following were associated with non-treatment (OR, 95% CI): black race (0.45, 0.35-0.57); Hispanic race (0.56, 0.38-0.82); drug use (0.68, 0.53-0.88); anaemia (0.17, 0.11-0.26); bipolar disorder (0.63, 0.40-0.99); major depression (0.72, 0.53-0.99); mild depression (0.47, 0.35-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: A small number of HCV-HIV-coinfected veterans are prescribed treatment for hepatitis C virus. Non-treatment is associated with increasing age, minority race, drug use and psychiatric illness. Further studies are needed to determine the eligibility for treatment and reasons for non-treatment for hepatitis C virus.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2004

Developmental changes in pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) neurons.

The developmental decrease in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep in man occurs between birth and after puberty. We hypothesize that if this decrease in REM sleep does not occur, lifelong increases in REM sleep drive may ensue. Such disorders are characterized by hypervigilance and sensory-gating deficits, such as are present in postpubertal onset disorders like schizophrenia, panic attacks (a form of anxiety disorder), and depression. The decrease in REM sleep in the rat occurs between 10 and 30 days of age. We studied changes in size and physiological properties of pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cells involved in the control of arousal, i.e., waking and REM sleep. During the largest decrease in REM sleep (12-21 days), cholinergic PPN neurons doubled in cell area, the hypertrophy peaking at 15-16 days, then decreasing in area by 20-21 days. Noncholinergic PPN cells did not change in area during this period. We confirmed the presence of two populations of PPN neurons based on action potential (AP) duration, with the proportion of short-AP-duration cells increasing and long AP duration decreasing between 12 and 21 days. Most cholinergic and noncholinergic cells had short AP durations. Afterhyperpolarization (AHP) duration became segregated into long and short AHP duration after 15 days. Cells with short AP duration also had short AHP duration. The proportion of PPN cells with Ih current increased gradually, peaking at 15 days, then decreased by 21 days. These changes in morphological and physiological properties are discussed in relation to the developmental decrease in REM sleep.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2003

Development of REM sleep drive and clinical implications.

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the human declines from approximately 50% of total sleep time ( approximately 8 h) in the newborn to approximately 15% of total sleep time (approximately 1 h) in the adult, and this decrease takes place mainly between birth and the end of puberty. We hypothesize that without this developmental decrease in REM sleep drive, lifelong increases in REM sleep drive may ensue. In the rat, the developmental decrease in REM sleep occurs 10-30 days after birth, declining from >70% of total sleep time in the newborn to the adult level of approximately 15% of sleep time during this period. Rats at 12-21 days of age were anesthetized with ketamine and decapitated, and brain stem slices were cut for intracellular recordings. We found that excitatory responses of pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) neurons to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid decrease, while responses to kainic acid increase, over this critical period. During this developmental period, inhibitory responses to serotonergic type 1 agonists increase but responses to serotonergic type 2 agonists do not change. The results suggest that as PPN neurons develop, they are increasingly activated by kainic acid and increasingly inhibited by serotonergic type 1 receptors. These processes may be related to the developmental decrease in REM sleep. Developmental disturbances in each of these systems could induce differential increases in REM sleep drive, accounting for the postpubertal onset of a number of different disorders manifesting increases in REM sleep drive. Examination of modulation by PPN projections to ascending and descending targets revealed the presence of common signals modulating ascending arousal-related functions and descending postural/locomotor-related functions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2003

An unusual intraventricular haemangiopericytoma: MRI and spectroscopy.

We present a 43-year-old woman with a tumour within the left lateral ventricle with the typical appearances of meningioma on MRI. (1)H MR spectroscopy demonstrated an increased choline peak, suggesting a malignant form of meningioma. Histologically a haemangiopericytoma was found, an exceptionally rare tumour at this site.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of point-of-collection screening of drugs of abuse in oral fluid with a laboratory-based urine screen.

Oral fluid is becoming increasingly useful for the detection of drugs, since it is a non-invasive specimen to collect and, because collection is directly observed, it is difficult to adulterate. A point-of-collection (POCT) oral fluid drug analysis kit has been developed for use in many drug testing situations. This paper summarizes the results of field evaluations of the ORALscreen System for screening of drugs in oral fluid. The ORALscreen System consists of an oral fluid collection device and a test device containing a lateral flow membrane immunoassay system. Paired samples (oral fluid and urine) were collected from drug users and the results from the ORALscreen POCT system were compared to urine screening results conducted in a licensed laboratory. The results demonstrate that the ORALscreen System has excellent percent agreement with the laboratory-based urine screening test results for the detection of cocaine and opiates through 2.5-3 days following drug use, respectively. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was detected by ORALscreen on the day of use and 1 day after use. Good correlation between urine and oral fluid screening results was observed for the methamphetamine positive samples; however, the number of days following drug use was not determined.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Bone mineral density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine bone mineral density (BMD) and fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with matched control women. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: An academic clinical research center. PATIENT(S): Twelve non-Hispanic white women with PCOS and a body mass index of <26 and 10 healthy control women matched for age, ethnicity, and weight. INTERVENTION(S): Biometric measures, blood sample collection, and total body/regional bone density and fat analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of androgens, glucose, and insulin were measured. Bone density and fat distribution were measured by total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULT(S): Androgen levels were elevated significantly in the lean women with PCOS compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant difference in total body BMD between the two groups. A significant increase in BMD was noted in the left arm, right arm, and left ribs of the lean PCOS group. Evaluation of upper body BMD showed a significant correlation between testosterone levels and BMD. No statistically significant differences were noted in body fat distribution, although the lean PCOS group tended to have lower mean percentages of body fat. CONCLUSION(S): Lean women with PCOS have regional differences in BMD, with significantly increased BMD in the upper skeleton compared with control women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1997

A novel methodological approach to study the level of specific protein and gene expression in aberrant crypt foci putative preneoplastic colonic lesions by Western blotting and RT-PCR.

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) represent microscopic preneoplastic lesions, present in the carcinogen-treated rodent colons. The cellular and molecular changes occurring within these lesions may provide important clues to the sequence of events leading to advanced preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions. The main objective of this investigation was to determine whether intact mRNA and protein can be isolated from fixed tissue and studied. A pure population of ACF was harvested from colonic tissue that had been preserved in 70% ethanol or 10% buffered formalin, by using a dissecting microscope and plucking the ACF out using fine forceps. The standard procedure of isolating RNA was performed successfully on ACF and normal tissue preserved in 70% ethanol. The expression of a housekeeping gene, beta-actin was demonstrated. Analysis of ethanol-preserved ACF for phosphorylated proteins was carried out by immunoblotting. The present study demonstrated that ACF are easily harvested from fixed tissues and that intact RNA and protein can be isolated from ACF or normal epithelium which can be used in techniques such as immunoblotting and RT-PCR.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The missed thorn.

Following surgical exploration, a swelling on the back of a boy's hand was thought to be a tuberculous granuloma and was treated as such. Eleven months later, when the lump was re-explored, a plant thorn was retrieved from the middle of a foreign body granuloma. Even though a definite history of trauma is not given, an organic foreign body lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a lytic lesion of bone.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Variables associated with frequency of rumination in a boy with profound mental retardation.

The relationships between frequency of rumination in a boy with profound mental retardation and a variety of environmental, interpersonal, and temporal variables were investigated by collecting and analyzing data during all waking hours over a 4-week period. Low levels of rumination were associated with periods of special education programming (versus nonschool hours), individual attention (versus group activities and independent play), and time spent with caretakers who like the child (versus those who like him less). The findings also revealed a mealtime effect (decreasing rumination as time elapsed following meals) and a time of day effect (increasing rumination as the day progressed). Directions for future research and possible implications for the environmental management of rumination are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Non-operative management of acute grade III medial collateral ligament injury of the knee: a prospective study.

In a prospective study, 25 patients who had acute complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the knee with associated anterior cruciate ligament injury were treated by cast bracing and physiotherapy. Their average age was 27.6 years (range 15-53 years) with average follow-up of 24.2 months (range 12-48 months). All 25 patients had good or excellent results, with return to the pre-injury level of sporting activities by 1 year and with restoration of medial stability. This study shows that conservation treatment of this injury can restore stability to the medial side of the knee, even in the presence of anterior cruciate ligament damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Genetic evidence for role of extracellular proteinase in virulence of Candida albicans.

The relationship between extracellular proteinase and the virulence for mice in Candida albicans was studied by using a set of three isolates. The set included a proteinase-producing parent (C9), a proteinase-deficient mutant derived from C9 by nitrous acid treatment (C9M1), and a spontaneous revertant (C9M1M) obtained by mouse passage of C9M1. The morphological markers and the carbon assimilation pattern were identical in these isolates. Isolate C9 produced a high level of proteinase in vitro and caused fatal infection (100%) within 21 days. The mutant produced no detectable enzymes in vitro, and all mice survived until day 22. Only 30% of the mice infected with C9M1 died between day 23 and 30. The isolates recovered from the dead mice were found to be proteinase sufficient, indicating that the mice died after the organism in tissue had reverted. The C9M1M isolate produced proteinase in vitro at 44% the level of C9 and induced fatal infection in 90% of the mice within 30 days. The number of CFU recovered from the kidneys correlated with the level of proteinase produced in vitro and, in turn, the rate of fatal infection produced by the isolates. These results support a previous observation indicating that proteinase activity is one of the virulence factors associated with C. albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The hip in the moulded baby syndrome.

The moulded baby syndrome comprises: head moulding (plagiocephaly); pelvic obliquity with unilateral loss of hip abduction in flexion; and occasionally scoliosis, torticollis and bat ears. The hips, however, are radiologically normal and do not require the treatment used in the management of congenital dislocation or dysplasia. A review of 67 hips confirms this finding.

Female↗