Radiographic evaluation.
The bulk of the tooth, that is, the root and most of the periodontium, can be visualized only by means of radiographs. Consequently, a lot of pathology remains undiscovered if clinical examination does not involve radiography. Although lesions such as caries can be recognized without radiography, the full extent of the lesions, and whether pulpal and periapical involvement is present as a consequence, cannot be assessed. In other words, a clinical examination is not complete without radiography. Periodontal disease, endodontic disease, caries, resorptive lesions, fractures, bone pathology, and neoplastic conditions all require radiography for a more complete diagnosis, thus allowing optimal planning of treatment. It is also necessary to know the normal radiographic anatomy to be able to identify the abnormal. Moreover, many dental procedures can be carried out only under radiographic control. Checking adequacy of procedures and success of treatment relies heavily on radiography. In short, radiographs are required to reach a diagnosis and thus plan treatment optimally, to be able to perform certain procedures, and to be able to assess the outcome of treatment performed. Practicing dentistry without using radiography as a tool would be considered negligent in human dentistry. In the author's opinion, the same would apply to veterinary dentistry.