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Biomedical subjects

C Gottschalk

Publications and source records attributed to C Gottschalk.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Quantitative medial temporal lobe brain morphology and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in cocaine dependence: a preliminary report.

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that cocaine increases plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. Chronic elevation of plasma cortisol exerts direct toxic effects upon hippocampal neurons and exacerbates hippocampal damage resulting from ischemia and seizures. The authors tested for evidence of hippocampal damage in patients with chronic cocaine dependence. Medial temporal lobe and total brain volumes were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 27 patients with cocaine dependence and 16 healthy subjects. Basal and ovine corticotropin releasing hormone (oCRH) stimulated ACTH and cortisol levels were also examined in a subset of 8 healthy and 9 cocaine dependent subjects after 21 days of abstinence. No evidence for decreased hippocampal or total brain volume in cocaine dependence was observed. Similarly, basal and oCRH stimulated ACTH and cortisol levels in cocaine dependent patients did not differ from those in healthy subjects.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative morphology of the caudate and putamen in patients with cocaine dependence.

OBJECTIVE: Deficits in dopaminergic function may contribute to hypertrophy of striatal structures associated with typical neuroleptic treatment. In light of a body of research that has associated chronic cocaine use with extrapyramidal symptoms and striatal dopaminergic depletion, the authors looked for evidence of striatal dysmorphology in patients with chronic cocaine dependence. METHOD: Caudate, putamen, and total brain volumes were quantified by means of magnetic resonance imaging in 25 cocaine-dependent and 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Normalized caudate and putamen volumes were 3.40% and 9.18% larger, respectively, in the cocaine-dependent subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that deficits in dopaminergic function associated with cocaine dependence may contribute to striatal hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of advanced oxidation processes in flow-through pilot plants (part II).

Abstract The comparison of mechanistically different advanced oxidation processes (AOPS) UV/H2O2, UV/03 and O3/H2O2 needs a non-specific figure-of-merit to avoid influences by system-inherent parameters. The chosen figure-of-merit consists of the electrical energy per order of magnitude in oxidation per m3, EE/O. Results from own experiments were compared with data derived f rom the literature. Considered were batch-experiments, pilot-plants and full-scale plants. The combination O3/H2O2 proved to be the most efficient process by means of energy consumption irrespective of the size of the plant.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

Matrix metalloproteinases and TACE play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Endometriosis, a benign gynecologic disorder, occurs in about 10% of women in reproductive age and in up to 50% of women with infertility. The basic etiologic factors causing this disease are unknown as yet. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Their proteolytic activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a membrane-bound disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes the membrane-associated cytokine proTNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. TNF-alpha induces the secretion of several MMPs. In order to study the expression of MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9, TIMP-1 and -2, TACE and TNF-alpha in endometrium and endometriotic tissue, we investigated formalin-fixed paraffin sections of endometriotic tissues and normal endometrium with immunohistochemical techniques and in situ hybridisation. Furthermore, quantitative PCR was used for quantification of TACE-mRNA in fresh tissue. We found in this study significant higher protein expression of MMP-1 and TACE and significant lower protein expression of TMP-1 and -2 in endometriotic tissue compared to endometrium. This data may suggest that high TACE expression causes the increased conversion of membrane-bound proTNF-alpha into its soluble form, which stimulates the increased secretion of MMP-1. The simultaneous deficiency of TIMP-1 and -2 in endometriotic tissue suppose an additional proteinase inhibitor imbalance in endometriosis.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Quality targets for concentrations of hazardous substances in surface waters in Germany.

During the past several years, in Germany, a federal government/federal states working group prepared a "guide document for the derivation of quality targets designed to protect inland surface waters against hazardous substances." In May 1993 the 40th Conference of Environment Ministers (Umweltministerkonferenz) adopted the guide document subject to further trial. Based on the guide document it will be possible to define water quality requirements in the field of water resources management, e.g., protection of aquatic communities and safeguarding of drinking water supply, as a complementing approach to existing statutory emission control regulations. The quality targets derived on the basis of the guide document define concentrations of hazardous substances in water, suspended particulate matter or sediments which should not be exceeded (guide values). According to current scientific knowledge, compliance with the quality targets ensures that a hazard to the protection-meriting uses considered need not be feared. Where quality targets are found to be exceeded, the causes should be explored. On that basis water pollution control and sanitation priorities can be defined more appropriately. In addition, the outlined approach to deriving quality targets provides a basis for characterizing water quality and is helpful in priority-setting with respect to analytical methods to be optimized.

Benzene Derivatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peracute mortality in common cranes (Grus grus)].

Out of a nonbreeding group of cranes, 10 birds died peracutely at the end of April 1998. The pathological investigation showed changes in the intestine, liver and kidneys caused probably by an intoxication; but corresponding analyses did not result in a specified poison. The proof of E. coli, Cl. perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni is to be interpreted as a subordinate result. 7 of 8 cranes had a low to high infestation with endoparasites (Porrocaeum spp., Eimeria pusilla, Echinostoma spp.). 5 of 8 birds showed leaness, possibly as a result of the migration exertion. Further on, the analysis results of a 9th crane found at another place are included in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parasites of the common crane Grus grus (L.) in Europe].

28 species of parasites (8 coccidia, 6 trematodes, 1 cestode, 6 nematodes, 1 tick, 6 mallophages) were found at the Common Crane. After presenting the interconnection of parasites with different carriers as vectors, intermediate and several final hosts in the biocoenosis of Common Cranes, the results of parasitological examination of 421 samples of cranes resulted in varying parasitization at different seasons and flyways. Further studies are needed to interprete these facts correctly. Changes of presented localities of diverted feedings and their parasitological and bacteriological control at resting places may avoid concentration of pathogens in soil, intermediate hosts and carriers.

Animals↗