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Biomedical subjects

C Grognard

Publications and source records attributed to C Grognard.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Tatoos, piercing: body art? Body damage? Debasement of the body or return to a primitive way of life?].

Tatoos and piercing, though they might appear as something like a trend, if not a craze, remain for a majority minority and even fringe practices. For the adolescent, questing for his identity (no more a child, not yet an adult), the tegmental sign is a way of engraving in the flesh dramatic events of his existence. The body mark is a search for independence, a symbolic attainment of self-reliance, a way of severing the umbilical cord and of asserting oneself. In face of a life no longer under control, the body is an object at hand, on which self-will is almost unbridled... These body modifications testify to change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of gunpowder traumatic tattoo by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: an unusual adverse effect.

BACKGROUND: The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser can completely eliminate traumatic tattoos. OBJECTIVE: We report the results of the unsuccessful removal of traumatic tattoos among three patients with dermal inclusions of gunpowder who were shot at close range. METHODS: Treatment was tried in each patient with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a medium fluence (4-6 J/cm2). RESULTS: During treatment of our patients, each pulse provoked sparks and the immediate formation of bleeding trans- epidermal pits. After the healing process was completed, we observed poxlike scars and the spreading of pigments in the skin around the initial points of the tattoo. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the rapid transfer of high-energy pulses to powder particles creates microexplosions of these fragments resulting in cavitation and provoking transepidermal holes and subsequent scars. This adverse effect was only produced if the tattoo resulted from gun powder being shot at a short distance from the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Granuloma faciale: efficacy of cryosurgery in 2 cases].

BACKGROUND: Granuloma faciale is a rare condition of unknown pathogenesis. Treatment often gives less than satisfactory results. We report two cases successfully treated with cryosurgery. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman had a round 65 x 40 mm erythematous violet-colored papulous plaque on the right cheek. Histology reported a dense inflammatory infiltration of the superficial and mid derma around dilated vessels under a normal epidermis. The infiltration was composed of histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils and was compatible with granuloma facial. Surgical treatment was performed but was followed by recurrence within a few months. Class I local steroids, cotton swab cryotherapy and oral dapsone remained ineffective. Cryosurgery however led to cure without recurrence at 1 year follow-up. The second patient was a 52-year old man with an oval reddish-brown papulous plaque on the right preauricular area. The plaque measured 40 mm in diameter and histology favored granuloma facial. Three cotton swab cryotherapy sessions and one surgical excision procedure were followed by recurrence. Cryosurgery provided successful cure without recurrence at 3.5 years follow-up. DISCUSSION: Most destructive treatments for granuloma facial, including pulverization cryotherapy, surgery, and CO(2) or argon laser are unsuccessful in preventing recurrence. Cryosurgery was proposed in 1977 but few cases have been reported since. Medical treatments have been variously successful with most authors reporting unsatisfactory results. In our two cases, surgical excision was rapidly followed by recurrence and in one case dapsone was ineffective. Cryosurgery provided rapid regression of the lesion and recurrence-free cure at 1 and 3.5 years follow-up respectively. Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for readily recurrent eosinophilic granuloma facial and should be proposed as first intention therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Melanoma prevention: evaluation of a health education campaign for primary schools.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational campaign aimed toward limiting children's sun exposure. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter trial with before-after comparison. A school-based campaign was presented as a game during a 4-week period (May 25 to June 1992) with primary school teachers as game hosts. Children were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire in September before (1991) and after (1992) the campaign. Comparisons between the children's answers before and after the campaign were made using paired chi2 tests and analysis of variance. SETTING: Five French primary schools. SUBJECTS: All children in their fourth year of primary school (228 children aged 9 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes after the campaign in children's answers concerning their knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward the sun during summer holidays. RESULTS: Compared with the precampaign answers, more children after the campaign claimed to protect themselves from the sun with a hat (33.7% vs 23.8%; P = .01) or sunscreen (34.8% vs 25.4%; P = .03), avoided going outside during the sunniest hours (76.8% vs 66.0%; P = .02), reapplied sunscreens (22.1% vs 10.6%; P<.001), considered that a T-shirt and shade provided better protection than sunscreen (82.7% vs 74.8%; P = .05), considered sunlight as a risk factor for skin cancer (74.9% vs 50.7%; P<.001), and spent significantly less time in the sun with their arms (P = .005), trunk, legs, and head uncovered (P<.001). Children with a fair complexion, who were the target of this campaign, showed the best improvement in their responses. CONCLUSION: Health education campaigns can be effective in terms of improving the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of young children.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[High resolution ultrasound imaging: value in treatment of basocellular carcinoma by cryosurgery].

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a prospective evaluation of the contribution of high-resolution ultrasound imaging prior to cryosurgery for basocellular carcinoma and in search for recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients seen between 1992 and 1994 at the skin tumor clinic and treated by cryosurgery were included. Ultrasound imaging using 20 MHz prototype was performed prior to cryosurgery and 2 months later. RESULTS: Among 101 patients treated, 112 basocellular carcinomas were treated by cryosurgery. Ultrasound imaging provided good visualization of the tumor limits in all cases. The ultrasound aspect was anechogenic, often with rare areas of highly dense echoes. The tumor limits described by ultrasound imaging were larger than the clinical limits in 32% of the cases. In 8 of the 16 cases of recurrent tumors, the ultrasound examination revealed the recurrence first. In the other 8 cases, clinical manifestations were confirmed by ultrasonography. In our series, recurrence of basocellular carcinoma was statistically more frequent when the depth of the tumor was 3 mm (ultrasonographic measurement) or when the lateral limits established by ultrasound assessment were greater than the clinical evaluation. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that high-resolution ultrasound imaging of basocellular carcinomas prior to cryosurgery: 1) visualizes tumor limits allowing adapted cryosurgery, 2) identifies factors with predictive value for recurrence, 3) can identify recurrences early. Ultrasound imaging of the skin is a useful non-invasive technique for pre- and post-therapeutic assessment of skin tumors and could be a particularly useful tool for "blind" cryosurgery destruction of skin tumors.

Adult↗