PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C H Berthold

Publications and source records attributed to C H Berthold.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Electron microscopic studies of serially sectioned cat spinal alpha-motoneurons. IV. Motoneurons innervating slow-twitch (type S) units of the soleus muscle.

Two intracellularly stained cat alpha-motoneurons of the soleus-S type (Burke et al., '74) were studied ultrastructurally. The architecture and synaptology of the cell body and proximal parts of the dendrites were analyzed from a long series of consecutive sections (Conradi et al., '79). Only few of the dendrites had a base diameter exceeding 10 micrometer. The proportion of the membrane surface of the cell body and dendrites covered by boutons was 40-45% and 50-80%, respectively. Out of this, 15-20% was constituted by S-boutons and 70-75% by F-boutons in both regions. In contrast to the situation in the gastrocnemius FR-neurons (Kellerth et al., '79) the large boutons of the C-type showed no clustering around the dendritic roots and were absent on the axon hillock. In addition, the M-boutons of dorsal root origin were more sparse on the proximal parts on the dendrites of the soleus-S neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining of Streptococcus mutans during controlled growth in two different media.

Streptococcus mutans subspecies sobrinus serotype d (B13) was cultivated in a fermentor under controlled conditions in two different media: a complex proteose-peptone medium and a defined minimal medium (C4). Specimens from different growth phases were examined by electron-microscopy and tested electron-immunohistochemically. Irrespective of the growth medium used, no differences were observed in the immunohistochemical staining pattern of bacteria during the lag, the exponential and the early staionary phases. Specimens obtained several hours after exponential growth contained areas where the bacteria showed staining that ranged from a strong deposit of reaction product to no deposit. This appearance seems partly to explain the differences in the intensity of immunohistochemical staining of certain bacteria observed in dental plaques stained for identification of S. mutans subspecies sorbrinus.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Electron-microscopic demonstration of Streptococcus mutans in 5-day-old experimental dental plaque using immunohistochemistry.

The present work described the distribution of horseradish peroxidase reaction product obtained after immunohistochemical staining of consecutive ultra-thin sections of 5-day-old experimental dental plaques using differently absorbed anti-S.mutans sobrinus, anti-S.mutans mutans, and normal rabbit lambda-globulins. It was found that an in situ identification of S.mutans subspecies sobrinus could be obtained using thoroughly absorbed anti-S.mutans sobrinus gamma-globulins and consecutive sections. The anti-S.mutans mutans gamma-globulins were after tests on pure cultures of several oral bacteria found to cross-react with S.milleri. Furthermore, crude and absorbed normal rabbit gamma-globulins were observed to contain antibodies that cross-reacted with several plaque microorganisms.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Some immunohistochemical experiments aiming at the electron-microscopic in situ identification of a dental plaque microorganism--Streptococcus mutans.

The aim of the present investigation was to test a procedure useful for the electron-microscopic in situ identification of the presumptive cariogenic microorganism Streptococcus mutans (serotype d) growing in the human dental plaque. For this purpose, different parameters of an indirect immunohistochemical method were tested in three sets of experiments. In experiment set I, all serological and histochemical procedures were performed en bloc on specimens fixed only with glutaraldehyde before embedding in Vestopal W. Different marking substances, such as ferritin, alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were tested. The en bloc method using HRP-labelled antibodies was found useful for staining of in vitro-grown bacteria but failed when applied to dental plaque. In experiment set II, ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed and glycol methacrylate-embedded in vitro-grown bacteria were section-stained. The bacteria became outlined with a highly electron-dense HRP reaction product which accumulated on top of the cell envelope. The same type of HRP reaction product was found on some bacteria in the 2-day-old dental plaque after section-staining. This system was further tested in a series of controls also using consecutive serial sections. In exp. set III, a number of different stationary and transient oral bacteria were immunohistochemically section-stained. A cross-reaction with bacteria belonging to S.salivarius was discovered and removed by absorbing the anti-S.mutans serotype d serum with S.salivarius (NCTC 8618).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Observations on the morphology at the transition between the peripheral and the central nervous system in the cat. II. General organization of the transitional region in S1 dorsal rootlets.

The aproximal segment of feline S1 dorsal rootlets were investigated light and electronmicroscopically. A one shaped protrusion of CNS tissue was found to extend distally into each rootlet for a distance of 100-1000 micrometer. That free segment of a rootlet which when cross sectioned revealed both CNS and PNS constituents was denoted the transitional region (TR). The TR was subdivided into an axial CNS compartment and a surrounding PNS compartment. The CNS compartment consisted of a core zone that showed the organisation of a CNS fiber tract, and of an outer astrocytic mantle zone which corresponded to the external glial limiting membrane of the brain and the spinal cord. The outer aspect of the mantle zone constituted the PNS-CNS borderline. The mantle zone was rich in astrocytes and projected a large number of thin processes--the glial fringe--distally into the endoneural space of the PNS compartment. There were large fenestration defects in the basement membrane that demarcated the endoneural space from the glial space. The mantle zone contained many large myelinoid bodies and some encapsulated small dark unclassified cells. Similar cells, some covered by a basement membrane, were at hand in the adjacent endoneural space. The myelinated nerve fibres were equipped with a node of Ranvier at their borderline passage.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Observations on the morphology at the transition between the peripheral and the central nervous system in the cat. III. Myelinated fibres in S1 dorsal rootlets.

Myelinated nerve fibres were analysed at their passage of the PNS-CNS borderline in the transitional region (TR) of feline S1 dorsal rootlets by means of light and electron microscopy. At the borderline, PNS internodal length was 30% shorter than noted further distally in the root. Analysis of variance based on the numerical estimation of various fibre parameters did not support the current idea that a myelinated nerve fibre decreases in diameter as it passes from the PNS into the CNS. There was a rough rectilinear correlation between axon size and number of myelin lamellae in small and medium sized fibres. In large fibres the number of myelin lamellae was highly variable and could not be predicated from axon size. The nodes of Ranvier found at the borderline showed an organization that could be described as a compound node where the PNS-CNS demarcation line runs across the nodal axon segment in the midst of the node gap. Branching at the borderline nodes was a very rare phenomenon. The length of the nodal axon segment, the nodal axon membrane area and the amount of paranodal mitochondria were similar to earlier presented data of feline ventral root fibres. The hypothesis that the elements of the paranodal apparatus of PNS fibres compensates for the lack in the PNS of nodally connected astrocytes is presented and discussed. A small number of the fibres lacked a borderline node. In these cases the CNS myelin sheath projected uninterrupted for hundreds of micrometer into the PNS compartment where it was enclosed by a Schwann cell and PNS myelin. This rare arrangement was referred to as a transitional internode.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Observations on the morphology at the transition between the peripheral and the central nervous system in the cat. V. A light microscopical and histochemical study of S1 dorsal rootlets in developing kittens.

The postnatal development of the transitional region (TR) i.e. the proximal free part of a spinal rootlet that contains both PNS and CNS tissue, was studied light-microscopically in semi-thin sections and after histochemical staining according to the Marchi and OTAN methods for the demonstration of degenerating myelin and according to the Gomori method for the demonstration of acid phosphatase activity. In the newborn kitten the PNS tissue extended well up to the spinal cord surface and the rootlets lacked a transitional region. The CNS tissue entered the root during the second postnatal week, and a trasitional region was fully established at the beginning of the second month. The degree of myelination in the group of large fibres differed on the two sides of the PNS-CNS borderline: well myelinated PNS fibres were transformed into poorly myelinated or apparently unmyelinated CNS-fibres. PNS and CNS myelin sheaths of large fibres appeared to be of equal thickness in the 4 week old kitten. During the first postnatal month large amounts of Marchi positive material and a high acid phosphatase activity occurred in complex paranodes and very short internodes in the PNS compartment just distally to the PNS-CNS borderline. In the adult cat Marchi positive bodies were numerous in the CNS compartment just proximally to the PNS-CNS borderline. The results are discussed against previous studies on focal demyelination as found during the normal development of the feline peripheral nervous system.

Acid Phosphatase↗