Biomedical subjects

C H Charles

Publications and source records attributed to C H Charles.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness and the side-effect profiles of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eight qualifying subjects, aged 20-57 years, were randomized into three groups: essential oil mouthrinse (ListerineAntiseptic); 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Peridex); or 5% hydroalcohol negative control. At baseline, subjects received a complete oral soft tissue examination and scoring of the Loe-Silness gingival index (GI), Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), Volpe-Manhold calculus index (CI), and Lobene extrinsic tooth stain index (SI). Following a complete dental prophylaxis, subjects started rinsing twice daily with their respective mouthrinse as an adjunct to their usual mechanical oral hygiene procedures. One of the rinses on each weekday was supervised. Subjects were reexamined at 3 and 6 months. The treatment groups were compared with respect to baseline demographic and clinical variables. The primary efficacy variables were GI and PI. Intergroup differences for all clinical variables were tested at 3 and 6 months using appropriate statistical procedures. RESULTS: All of the 108 randomized subjects were evaluable at 3 months, and 107 subjects were evaluable at 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups at baseline, with the exception that the control group PI was significantly lower than that of the essential oil group (p<0.05) and the chlorhexidine group (p<0.001), and the essential oil mouthrinse group had a significantly greater number of subjects than the control group with body region SI scores > or =1.0 (p=0.021). At 6 months, the essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthrinses produced statistically significant (p<0.001) GI reductions of 14.0% and 18.2%, respectively, and statistically significant (p<0.001) PI reductions of 18.8% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with the control and were not statistically significantly different from each other with respect to plaque and gingivitis reduction. The chlorhexidine mouthrinse group had significantly more calculus and extrinsic tooth stain than either the essential oil mouthrinse group or the control group. CONCLUSION: This 6-month controlled clinical study demonstrated that the essential oil mouthrinse and the chlorhexidine mouthrinse had comparable antiplaque and antigingivitis activity. Insofar as side effects associated with the chlorhexidine mouthrinse may limit patient compliance, it is suggested that each product can have a distinct role in the management of patients with periodontal diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly: a six-month study.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical methods of oral hygiene can be complemented by the use of chemotherapeutic mouthrinses. The authors sought to quantify the additional benefit provided by an essential oil-, or EO-, containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly. METHODS: The authors randomly assigned patients with gingivitis to one of three treatment groups: brushing and rinsing with a control mouthrinse, or BC; brushing, flossing and rinsing with a control mouthrinse, or BFC; or brushing, flossing and rinsing with an EO-containing mouthrinse, or BFEO. Patients received a dental prophylaxis at baseline, and the authors followed them for six months. RESULTS: Of 246 enrolled subjects enrolled in the study, 237 subjects were evaluable at the study's conclusion. After six months, the subjects using the BFEO regimen had statistically and clinically significant lower mean Modified Gingival Index, or MGI, scores and Plaque Index, or PI, scores than did subjects in the BC group (29.9 percent and 56.3 percent, respectively; P < .001). Subjects in the BFC group had statistically significantly lower mean MGI and PI scores than did subjects in the BC group (11.2 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively; P < .001). Subjects in the BFEO group exhibited statistically and clinically significantly lower mean scores for MGI and PI than did subjects in the BFC group (21 percent and 51.9 percent, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that for patients with gingivitis who brush and floss routinely, the adjunctive use of an EO-containing mouthrinse provides a clinically significant and meaningful additional benefit in reducing plaque and gingivitis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: An EO-containing mouthrinse is an effective adjunct to regular brushing and flossing. Therefore, the BFEO regimen can be beneficial for patients with gingival inflammation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a hexetidine mouthwash.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the antiplaque/antigingivitis efficacy of a hexetidine-containing mouthwash. METHODS: This examiner-blind, parallel group, controlled clinical study examined the effectiveness of a hexetidine (0.1%) mouthwash both in inhibiting the development of supragingival plaque and in reducing gingivitis. One hundred and thirty-four adult subjects completed the 2-week experimental gingivitis model study. Following baseline examinations, which included plaque index, modified gingival index and gingival bleeding index, subjects received a full dental prophylaxis. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three mouthwashes (hexetidine 0.1%, chlorhexidine 0.12% (positive control) or a 5% hydroalcohol negative control) and commenced three times daily supervised rinsing as their sole method of oral hygiene. All indices were rescored after 2 weeks. RESULTS: Compared to the negative control group, the hexetidine group demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition and reduction of supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation with reductions of 6.3%, 33.5% and 56% for gingivitis, plaque and gingival bleeding, respectively. The results of the chlorhexidine group were used to validate the study. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the efficacy of a hexetidine rinse in reducing supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

The efficacy of an essential oil antiseptic mouthrinse vs. dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The use of dental floss has long been considered to be effective in controlling interproximal plaque and gingivitis. The authors compared this method with that of use of a mouthrinse. METHODS: Subjects with mild-to-moderate gingivitis enrolled in a long-term, six-month study. They received a dental prophylaxis and were randomized into one of the three following treatment groups: brushing and rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (the BEO group), brushing and flossing (the BF group) and brushing and rinsing with a control rinse (the B group). RESULTS: A total of 326 subjects were evaluated. The BEO and BF had significantly lower (P < .001) mean interproximal Modified Gingival Index, or MGI, scores than did the B group at six months. The BEO group had lower mean interproximal Plaque Index, or PI, scores than the other two groups at both three and six months. The BF group's mean PI score was significantly lower than the B group's mean score at six months only. The magnitude of reductions for the BEO and the BF groups (vs. the B group) in MGI were 11.1 percent and 4.3 percent and for PI were 20.0 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with professional care (prophylaxis) and toothbrushing over six months, rinsing twice daily with an essential oil-containing mouthrinse was at least as good as flossing daily in reducing interproximal plaque and gingivitis. Clinical Implications. When weighing recommendations for oral hygiene home care, clinicians should consider that an essential oil-containing mouthrinse may be a useful adjunct in patients with gingival inflammation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Anticalculus efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse containing zinc chloride.

BACKGROUND: The authors undertook a controlled clinical study to determine the efficacy of a tartar-control antiseptic mouthrinse in inhibiting the development of supragingival dental calculus. METHODS: After undergoing a dental prophylaxis, 334 subjects with a moderate rate of calculus formation were stratified and randomly assigned to one of three groups: positive control (using a tartar-control toothpaste and an antiseptic rinse), negative control (using a regular toothpaste and an antiseptic mouthrinse) or experimental (using a regular dentifrice and a tartar-control mouthrinse). Subjects brushed and rinsed twice daily, unsupervised, for four months. The researchers assessed subjects' calculus levels using the Volpe-Manhold Index, or VMI, after 16 weeks. RESULTS: Using analysis of covariance, the authors found that both the experimental group (which used a tartar-control rinse containing zinc chloride) and the positive control group (which used a tartar-control dentifrice containing pyrophosphate) demonstrated statistically significantly lower VMI scores (P = .001) than the negative control group (which used a regular dentifrice and an antiseptic rinse). Both anticalculus agents provided a clinically relevant 21 percent reduction in calculus formation. CONCLUSION: An antiseptic mouthrinse containing 0.09 percent zinc chloride as the anticalculus agent provides a clinically relevant reduction in calculus formation in people with a moderate rate of such formation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A tartar-control mouthrinse with zinc chloride as the tartar-control ingredient is clinically effective in reducing the formation of calculus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice. A six-month clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic, Pfizer) and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice (Colgate Total, Colgate-Palmolive) has been demonstrated in numerous double-blind clinical studies. This study was conducted to determine their comparative efficacy. METHODS: Three hundred sixteen subjects with mild-to-moderate gingival inflammation and plaque received a dental prophylaxis and began their randomly assigned brushing and rinsing regimen in an unsupervised setting. Subjects brushed for one minute and rinsed with 20 milliliters for 30 seconds twice daily for six months. The three groups were L (control toothpaste/Listerine rinse), T (Colgate Total toothpaste/control rinse) and P (control toothpaste/control rinse). RESULTS: Subjects in the L and T groups demonstrated statistically significantly lower (P < .001) Modified Gingival Index, or MGI; Bleeding Index, or BI; and Plaque Index, or PI, at both three and six months than subjects in the P group. The magnitude of reduction for the L group was 22.9 percent, 70 percent and 56.1 percent, respectively, and for the T group, 20.8 percent, 58 percent and 22.1 percent, respectively. Subjects in the L group were not different from subjects in the T group in regard to visual signs of gingivitis (MGI), but were more effective (P < .001) than subjects in the T group in experiencing reduced BI and PI. No product-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Although the Listerine Antiseptic and Colgate Total antiplaque/antigingivitis products produced similar, clinically significant reductions in gingivitis (as measured by MGI and BI), Listerine, when used in conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice and usual oral hygiene, provided a greater benefit in reducing plaque. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When considering an antiplaque/antigingivitis product to recommend to patients, clinicians should consider Listerine Antiseptic, in conjunction with usual oral hygiene, if more rigorous plaque control is desired.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Effect of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse on plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies in which antimicrobial mouthrinses were shown to have significant antiplaque activity most frequently have used gingivitis as the clinically relevant endpoint. However, there is evidence to suggest that mouthrinses containing active agents effective against Streptococcus mutans, such as chlorhexidine, may also have a role in inhibiting dental caries. This clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of 2x-daily rinsing with an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic) on levels of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci in supragingival interproximal plaque and in saliva. Additionally, a follow-up in vitro study is reported which determined whether a differential susceptibility to the antiseptic mouthrinse exists among different strains of streptococci. METHOD: Following baseline saliva and plaque sampling for quantification of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci, 29 qualifying subjects were randomly assigned either the essential oil mouthrinse or a sterile water control. They rinsed with 20 ml for 30s 2 x daily for 11 days and once on the 12th day, in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. On day 12, saliva and plaque samples were again collected and microbiological quantification performed. The procedures were repeated with the alternate rinse after a 1-week washout period. RESULTS: The essential oil mouthrinse produced respective reductions of 69.9% and 75.4% in total recoverable streptococci and in S. mutans in plaque, and corresponding reductions of 50.8% and 39.2% in saliva. The in vitro study revealed that streptococci from the mutans group were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of the essential oil mouthrinse than streptococci from the mitis group. CONCLUSIONS: As antimicrobial mouthrinses are most frequently recommended to patients whose mechanical oral hygiene procedures are not adequate for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis, this study provides an additional rationale for the inclusion of the essential-oil mouthrinse as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

In vivo antimicrobial activity of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse on interproximal plaque bacteria.

This study determined the in vivo interproximal bactericidal efficacy of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic) following toothbrushing. Thirty-four generally healthy adults, aged 23-64 years, completed this evaluator-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover designed study. Subjects rinsed for 30 seconds with 20 ml of either the essential oil rinse or a negative control rinse. Five minutes later, interproximal plaque was collected using paper points, and recoverable bacterial counts were quantified using both end point dilution and spectrophotometric methods. The results from the end point dilution demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.001) 43.8% reduction in recoverable plaque bacteria from interproximal spaces following rinsing with the essential oil mouthrinse. This study suggests that the clinical effectiveness of the essential oil mouthrinse against plaque and gingivitis may be attributable to the rapid kill and plaque permeabilizing properties of the formulation.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Effect of an essential oil-containing dentifrice on dental plaque microbial composition.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of 6 months use of an essential oil-containing (EO) antiplaque/antigingivitis fluoride dentifrice on the balance of the oral microbial flora and on the emergence of resistant microbial forms by analysis of dental plaque and saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dentifrice essential oils consisted of a fixed combination of thymol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and eucalyptol. An identical fluoride-containing dentifrice without the essential oils served as the control. A subgroup of 66 subjects from a clinical trial population of 321 was randomly selected for characterization of their dental plaque microflora. Saliva was also cultured to monitor for the emergence of opportunistic pathogens. Supragingival plaque and saliva were harvested at baseline, after which subjects received a dental prophylaxis. Subjects were sampled again after 3 and 6 months of product use prior to clinical examination. Plaque was characterized for microbial content by phase contrast microscopy for recognizable cellular morphotypes and by cultivation on nonselective and selective culture media. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the test agent against selected Actinomyces and Veillonella isolated bacterial species was conducted at all time points to monitor for the potential development of bacterial resistance. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the microbial flora obtained from subjects using the essential oil-containing dentifrice and the vehicle control for all parameters and time periods except for the percentage of spirochetes at 6 months and for percentage of "other" microorganisms at 3 months. The EO group exhibited a lower adjusted mean for both parameters. Additionally, there was no evidence of the development of bacterial resistance to the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils or the emergence of opportunistic pathogens.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1996

Effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on salivary microbiota.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of rinsing with original formulation Listerine Antiseptic (LA) on the level of viable salivary bacteria for periods up to 1 hour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, unstimulated saliva was collected from 25 subjects, serially diluted, and cultured on selective and non-selective media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Streptococci, Veillonella sp., and total aerobic and anaerobic flora were enumerated just prior to and 2, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after rinsing for 30 seconds with either 20 ml of LA or a 5% hydroalcohol control rinse. RESULTS: After the control rinse, total flora cultivated on MM10 agar exhibited a non-significant (P > 0.05) 10%-20% decrease relative to baseline. In contrast, rinsing with LA resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) 60%-65% decrease from baseline in all four microbial groups at 2 minutes; except in the case of Veillonella, the significant decreases were sustained up to 60 minutes. Total Listerine group aerobic, anaerobic and streptococcal counts were significantly lower than placebo (P < 0.05). The significant reduction in salivary bacterial levels seen in the Listerine group for up to 60 minutes suggests that this antiseptic mouthrinse may have use clinically as a pre-procedural rinse to decrease the level of viable microorganisms in aerosols generated during dental procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Short-term microbiological and clinical effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse.

Fifty chronic adult periodontitis patients completed a 6-week controlled, double-blind, split mouth clinical study to determine the effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse on periodontal microflora, supragingival plaque, and gingivitis when used as an adjunct to normal oral hygiene. Qualifying subjects had at least four sites, two on each side of the mouth, with probing depths between 4 and 6 mm, which bled on gentle probing. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a half mouth scaling and prophylaxis and full mouth subgingival irrigation with either the antimicrobial mouthrinse or sterile colored water control professionally delivered. Subjects continued irrigation at home once daily for 42 days with their assigned rinse delivered via a subgingival delivery system. All sites in the mouth were scored at baseline and at day 42 for supragingival plaque, bleeding on probing, and redness. For the four selected periodontitis sites, probing depth and attachment level were measured at baseline and on day 42; additionally, supragingival plaque and gingival redness were scored on days 7 and 21. Subgingival plaque samples for microbiological analysis were harvested from the selected periodontal sites at baseline and on days 7, 21, and 42. Microbiologically, irrigation with the antimicrobial mouthrinse resulted in statistically significant reductions compared to control in putative periodontopathogens, including black pigmenting species, which persisted at 42 days. Clinically, subgingival irrigation with the antimicrobial mouthrinse produced a significant reduction in supragingival plaque (P < 0.001), bleeding on probing (P = 0.019), and redness (P = 0.017) compared to the control, whether or not the area irrigated received a prophylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Angiotensin II induces 3CH134, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase, in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Angiotensin II is a potent growth factor for vascular smooth muscle cells and shares many signal transduction mechanisms with mitogens, including stimulation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation involves both protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). To investigate the role of PTPases in angiotensin II-mediated events, we studied the expression of a transcriptionally regulated PTPase, 3CH134, which has selective activity toward MAP kinase. Angiotensin II rapidly induced 3CH134 mRNA (30 min maximum) in a concentration-dependent manner (100 nM maximum). Platelet-derived growth factor, alpha-thrombin, hydrogen peroxide, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and ionomycin also induced 3CH134 but to levels lower than angiotensin II. Induction of 3CH134 by angiotensin II was partially inhibited after down-regulating protein kinase C but was fully inhibited after chelating intracellular Ca2+. Treatment with both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin induced 3CH134 mRNA to levels seen with angiotensin II, indicating that Ca2+ mobilization and protein kinase C activation can act synergistically to induce 3CH134. Angiotensin II stimulated 3CH134 protein synthesis after 1 h as measured by immunoprecipitation of 3CH134 from [35S]methionine-labeled cells using affinity-purified antibodies. These results establish 3CH134 as a dynamically regulated, immediate early gene in vascular smooth muscle cells and suggest a role for PTPases in regulating angiotensin II-stimulated events mediated by MAP kinases and tyrosine kinases.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1993

MKP-1 (3CH134), an immediate early gene product, is a dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates MAP kinase in vivo.

Mitogenic stimulation of cells induces rapid and transient activation of MAP kinases. Here we report that a growth factor-inducible gene, 3CH134, encodes a dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates p42MAPK both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 3CH134 protein dephosphorylates both T183 and Y185 in p42MAPK. In serum-stimulated normal fibroblasts, the kinetics of inactivation of p42MAPK coincides with the appearance of newly synthesized 3CH134 protein, and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide leads to persistent activation of MAP kinase. Expression of 3CH134 in COS cells leads to selective dephosphorylation of p42MAPK from the spectrum of phosphotyrosyl proteins. 3CH134 blocks phosphorylation and activation of p42MAPK mediated by serum, oncogenic Ras, or activated Raf, whereas the catalytically inactive mutant of the phosphatase, Cys-258-->Ser, augments MAP kinase phosphorylation under similar conditions. The mutant 3CH134 protein also forms a physical complex with the phosphorylated form of p42MAPK. These findings suggest that 3CH134 is a physiological MAP kinase phosphatase; we propose the name MKP-1 for this phosphatase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

The growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene 3CH134 encodes a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase.

Stimulation of fibroblasts with serum growth factors results in the rapid activation of a set of immediate-early genes, among them 3CH134. We have purified a bacterially expressed form of the 3CH134-encoded polypeptide and demonstrated that it has intrinsic protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTPase; protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48) activity in vitro. This activity is optimal at pH 7.5, is sensitive to vanadate and cysteinyl modifying agents, and is insensitive to a panel of serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors. Purified 3CH134 protein displays a high degree of selectivity among the tyrosine-phosphorylated polypeptide substrates tested. Under our assay conditions, the rates of dephosphorylation are in the order EDNDYINASL peptide < myelin basic protein < reduced, carboxyamidomethylated, and maleylated lysozyme (RCML) < p42mapk. There is a 200-fold range in rates for these substrates, with p42mapk dephosphorylated 15-fold more rapidly than RCML. Although 3CH134 is most closely related to the tyrosine/serine dual-specificity phosphatase VH1, we failed to detect any 3CH134-directed activity on casein or RCML phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Since 3CH134 expression is controlled transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally, it may represent a class of PTPases whose activity is regulated at the level of protein synthesis and degradation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Effect of rinsing time on antiplaque-antigingivitis efficacy of listerine.

This double-blind, controlled clinical study compared the effectiveness of 30- and 60-s listerine rinses in both inhibiting the development of, and reducing existing, supragingival plaque and gingivitis, using an experimental gingivitis model. 94 subjects completed this study. For each subject, a modified gingival index, modified Quigley-Hein plaque index and Eastman interdental bleeding index were recorded at baseline and at 2 weeks. Following the baseline examinations, subjects received half-mouth prophylaxes, and began 2 x daily supervised rinsing either with listerine for 30 or 60 s or with a control mouthrinse for 30 s as their sole oral hygiene measure. Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) showed that both the 30- and 60-s listerine rinses were significantly (p < 0.01) more effective than the control in inhibiting and reducing plaque, gingivitis and gingival bleeding. Although 60-s rinses with listerine were significantly more effective (p < 0.01) than 30-s rinses in controlling plaque, the 2 rinse durations were similarly effective in controlling interdental bleeding and gingivitis. This study confirms the recommendation of 2x daily rinsing with listerine for 30 s as an effective regimen for gingivitis control.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Efficacy of meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen) in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis.

This 6-month, double-blind, controlled clinical trial determined the efficacy of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen), as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). 22 subjects (7 male, 15 female) aged 36.5 +/- 7.88 years with RPP and disease-active sites as determined by pretreatment bone scan had standardized radiographs at baseline and 6 months, and clinical measurements at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Following full-mouth scaling and root planing, subjects were randomly assigned to either a placebo, 50 or 100 mg meclofenamate sodium bid group. Bone change over the 6-month period as assessed by subtraction radiography was the primary efficacy determinant. Specialized software was used to isolate the lesion from the subtraction image and to measure bone change along the root surface. ANOVA using the subject as the unit of analysis revealed a significant dose response (p < 0.001) with the placebo group having a mean bone loss of 0.42 +/- 0.06 mm and the low and high dose groups having mean bone gains of 0.07 +/- 0.05 and 0.20 +/- 0.07 mm, respectively. These findings indicate that meclofenamate sodium may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Genomic structure, cDNA sequence, and expression of gly96, a growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene encoding a short-lived glycosylated protein.

We report the cDNA sequence and genomic structure of gly96, an immediate early gene inducible by serum growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. It encodes a 153-amino acid protein that does not share significant sequence similarity with any known protein. In the adult mouse, gly96 is expressed predominantly in the lung, testes and the uterus. We have identified the Gly96 protein in Balb/c 3T3 cells using affinity-purified antibodies recognizing the Gly96 polypeptide. We show that Gly96 is glycosylated and has a short half-life in serum stimulated fibroblasts.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1992

cDNA sequence of a growth factor-inducible immediate early gene and characterization of its encoded protein.

We report the cDNA sequence of 3CH134, an immediate early gene whose transcription is rapidly and transiently stimulated by serum growth factors. 3CH134 encodes a 367 amino acid protein that does not share significant sequence similarity with any known protein. 3CH134 is inducible through multiple signal transduction pathways, and in the adult mouse is expressed predominantly in the lung. Using affinity-purified antibodies, we have identified the 3CH134 protein in serum-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells and determined that it has a short half-life.

3T3 Cells↗