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Biomedical subjects

C H Moore

Publications and source records attributed to C H Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparing the efficacy of prophylactic metoclopramide, ondansetron, and placebo in cesarean section patients given epidural anesthesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative efficacy of prophylactic metoclopramide, ondansetron, and placebo in nonemergent cesarean section patients given epidural anesthesia intraoperatively and for the first 24-hour period after delivery. DESIGN: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Inpatient obstetric unit at a university hospital center. PATIENTS: 164 nonemergent cesarean section patients given epidural anesthesia. INTERVENTION: At time of umbilical cord clamp, patients received intravenously (IV) either 4 mg ondansetron (Group O) or 10 mg metoclopramide (Group M) or 10 mL normal saline (Group P). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Episodes and severity of nausea and vomiting, rescue antiemetic requirement, patient satisfaction, and side effects were recorded. The frequency of intraoperative nausea were 24%, 43%, and 57% for Group O, Group M, and Group P, respectively (p < 0.03). The frequency of nausea for the 24-hour study period were 26%, 51% and 71% for Groups O, M, and P respectively (p < 0.03). The frequency of intraoperative and postoperative vomiting were similar between Group O and Group M, but significantly higher in Group P (p < 0.05). Overall patient satisfaction was highest in Group O compared with Groups P and M (p < 0.05). Maximum analog sedation score was higher in Group M compared to Groups O and P (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In cesarean section patients given epidural anesthesia, prophylactic ondansetron, 4 mg IV, is more efficacious and has a higher patient satisfaction than that with metoclopramide, 10 mg IV, or placebo in preventing nausea and achieving complete responses during intraoperative period and the first 24-hour postdelivery period. However, there is no difference between ondansetron and metoclopramide in reducing frequency of vomiting. Prophylactic ondansetron 4 mg IV is more effective in preventing nausea than vomiting.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the kappa1 receptor enhance delta9-THC-induced antinociceptive tolerance.

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol produces potent antinociceptive effects in mice and rats. Evidence exists for an interaction between the cannabinoids and the kappa receptor subtype, kappa1, in the production of antinociception. Data indicate that delta9-THC induces the release of endogenous dynorphins, the ligand(s) for the kappa receptor. It has been demonstrated that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against the kappa1 receptor attenuate the antinociceptive effects of delta9-THC. The exact mechanism for the expression of cannabinoid tolerance is unknown. Bidirectional cross-tolerance between the kappa opioids and delta9-THC implies that a common mechanism may be responsible for tolerance expression. We tested the hypothesis that the kappa1 receptor is involved in tolerance to delta9-THC. Antisense to the kappa1 receptor has been shown to downregulate the kappa receptor. We observed a significant increase in the ED50 for delta9-THC in antisense-, but not mismatch-treated mice, indicating an increase in tolerance to delta9-THC. Such data indicate that a decrease in kappa receptor number may accompany tolerance to delta9-THC.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1997

Preoperative and postoperative comparison of patients with univentricular and biventricular support with the thoratec ventricular assist device as a bridge to cardiac transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences in populations of patients with heart failure who require univentricular or biventricular circulatory support. METHODS: Two hundred thirteen patients who were in imminent risk of dying before donor heart procurement and who received Thoratec left (LVAD) and right (RVAD) ventricular assist devices at 35 hospitals were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 74), patients adequately supported with isolated LVADs; group 2 (n = 37), patients initially receiving an LVAD and later requiring an RVAD; and group 3 (n = 102), patients who received biventricular assistance (BiVAD) from the beginning. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in any preoperative factors between the two BiVAD groups. In the combined BiVAD groups, pre-VAD cardiac index (BiVAD, 1.4 +/- 0.6 L/min per square meter, vs LVAD, 1.6 +/- 0.6 L/min per square meter) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (BiVAD, 27 +/- 8 mm Hg, vs LVAD, 30 +/- 8 mm Hg) were significantly lower than those in the LVAD group, and pre-VAD creatinine levels were significantly higher (BiVAD, 1.9 +/- 1.1 mg/dl, vs LVAD, 1.4 +/- 0.6 mg/dl). In addition, greater proportions of patients in the BiVAD groups required mechanical ventilation before VAD placement (60% vs 35%) and were implanted under emergency conditions than in the LVAD group (22% vs 9%). The survival of patients through heart transplantation was significantly better in patients who had an LVAD (74%) than in those who had BiVADs (58%). However, there were no significant differences in posttransplantation survival through hospital discharge (LVAD, 89%; BiVAD, 81%). CONCLUSION: Patients who received LVADs were less severely ill before the operation and consequently were more likely to survive after the operation. As the severity of illness increases, patients are more likely to require biventricular support.

Heart Transplantation↗
PubMed1996

Intraoperative antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron versus droperidol for cesarean section patients under epidural anesthesia.

The efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol were evaluated for prophylactic treatment of nausea and vomiting in cesarean section patients under epidural anesthesia. Forty-eight ASA physical status I-II parturients requiring nonemergent cesarean section gave their consent and were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups (n = 16 each) according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. When the fetal umbilical cord was clamped, patients received intravenously 8 mg of ondansetron or 0.625 mg of droperidol or saline depending on their treatment group. Ninety-four percent of the ondansetron group, 88% of the droperidol group, and 56% of the placebo group were emesis free. Sixty-nine percent of the ondansetron group, 75% of the droperidol group, and 31% of the placebo group were nausea free. This study showed a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting and a tendency toward less severe emetic symptoms in the ondansetron and the droperidol groups than in the placebo group, but the ondansetron group was not statistically different from the droperidol group. This study is the first to report the antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in cesarean section patients or in patients under epidural anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Both prophylactic ondansetron and droperidol were similarly effective, and significantly better than placebo, in reducing the incidence and severity of intraoperative emetic symptoms in cesarean section patients under epidural anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Iron acquisition by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: isolation and characterization of a family of iron-binding exochelins.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary agent of tuberculosis, must acquire iron from the host to cause infection. To do so, it releases high-affinity iron-binding siderophores called exochelins. Exochelins are thought to transfer iron to another type of high-affinity iron-binding molecule in the bacterial cell wall, mycobactins, for subsequent utilization by the bacterium. In this paper, we describe the purification of exochelins of M. tuberculosis and their characterization by mass spectrometry. Exochelins comprise a family of molecules whose most abundant species range in mass from 744 to 800 Da in the neutral Fe(3+)-loaded state. The molecules form two 14-Da-increment series, one saturated and the other unsaturated, with the increments reflecting different numbers of CH2 groups on a side chain. These series further subdivide into serine- or threonine-containing species. The virulent M. tuberculosis Erdman strain and the avirulent M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain produce a similar set of exochelins. Based on a comparison of their tandem mass spectra, exochelins share a common core structure with mycobactins. However, exochelins are smaller than mycobactins due to a shorter alkyl side chain, and the side chain of exochelins terminates in a methyl ester. These differences render exochelins more polar than the lipophilic mycobactins and hence soluble in the aqueous extracellular milieu of the bacterium in which they bind iron in the host.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Involvement of enzyme-substrate charge interactions in the caseinolytic specificity of lactococcal cell envelope-associated proteinases.

Three series of oligopeptides were synthesized to investigate the proposal that a major factor in determining the differences in specificity of the lactococcal cell surface-associated proteinases against caseins is the interactions between charged amino acids in the substrate and in the enzyme. The sequences of the oligopeptides were based on two regions of kappa-casein (residues 98 to 111 and 153 to 169) which show markedly different susceptibilities to PI- and PIII-type lactococcal proteinases. In each series, one oligopeptide had an identical sequence to that of the kappa-casein region, while in the others, one or more charged residues were substituted by an amino acid of opposite charge, i.e., His<-->Glu. Generally, substitution of His by Glu in the oligopeptides corresponding to residues 98 to 111 of kappa-casein resulted in reduced cleavage of susceptible bonds by the PI-type proteinase and increased cleavage of susceptible bonds by the PIII-type proteinase. In the case of the oligopeptide corresponding to residues 153 to 169 of kappa-casein, one major cleavage site was evident, and the bond was hydrolyzed by both types of proteinase (even though this sequence in kappa-casein itself is extremely resistant to the PI-type enzyme). Substitution of Glu by His in this oligopeptide, even in the P7 position, resulted in increased cleavage of the bond by the PI-type proteinase and reduced cleavage by the PIII-type proteinase. C-terminal truncation of this oligopeptide resulted in a 100-fold decrease in the rate of hydrolysis of the susceptible bond and a change in the pattern of cleavage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Purification and crystallization of the endoglycosidase PNGase F, a peptide:N-glycosidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum.

The endoglycosidase peptide: N-glycosidase, secreted by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium meningosepticum (PNGase F), has been isolated, purified to homogeneity and crystallized from polyethylene glycol solutions using vapour diffusion and seeding techniques. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit cell dimensions a = 85.07 A, b = 85.14 A, c = 48.50 A, and are suitable for high resolution X-ray structure analysis.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1994

Solution structure of the variant-3 neurotoxin from Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing.

The solution structure of the CsE-v3 neurotoxin from the venom of the North American scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (CsE) has been determined by a hybrid refinement procedure that employed distance geometry and dynamical simulated annealing. Distance constraints deduced from the nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy data and torsion angle constraints deduced from the vicinal coupling constant data were used in the refinement procedure. A family of simulated annealing structures that showed no constraint violations was generated. The energy-minimized average structure exhibited root-mean-square deviations of 0.121 nm for the backbone and 0.182 nm for all atoms, with respect to this family. These studies confirm the previously qualitative NMR findings about the secondary structural features, viz. the presence of a short alpha-helix composed of residues 23-31 and an antiparallel beta-sheet composed of the strands of residues 1-5, 45-50 and 36-42. A cluster of aromatic ring systems is located on one side of the protein. The solution and crystal structures have similar overall features, but show some minor differences.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Experimental design in health care.

Design of experiments (DOE) is a collection of statistically based methods for testing multiple process improvement ideas after a quality improvement team has made initial improvements to remove defects and stabilize the process. Although experimental design techniques are not new, their use in improving administrative processes has not been fully exploited. Anderson Area Medical Center, located in Anderson, South Carolina, used classical quality improvement methods and DOE to significantly decrease patient dissatisfaction with emergency room services from an average of 27 percent to 6 percent.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1993

The primary structure of phosphofructokinase from Lactococcus lactis.

The primary amino acid sequence of phosphofructokinase (EC2.7.1.11) from Lactococcus lactis, obtained by Edman analysis of peptides obtained from proteolytic digestions, is MKRIAVLTSGGDAPGMNAAIRAVVRKAISEGIEVYGINHGYAGMVAGDIF PLTSASVGDKIGRGGTFLYSARYPEFAQVEGQLAGIEQLKKFGIEGVVVI GGDGSYHGAMRLTEHGFPAVGLPGTIDNDIVGTDFTIGFDTAVSTVVDAL DKIRDTSSSHNRTFVVEVMGRNAGDIALNAGIAAGADDISIPELEFKFEN VVNNINKGYEKGKNHHIIIVAEGVMTGEEFATKLKEAGYKGDLRVSVLGH IQRGGSPTARDRVLASRMGARAVELLRDGIGGVAVGIRNEELVESPILGT AEEGALFSLTTEGGIKVNNPHKAGLELYRLNSALNNLNL.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Action of a cell wall proteinase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 on bovine alpha s1-casein.

The cell wall-associated proteinase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 was partially purified and incubated with alpha s1-casein for various times up to 48 h. Sixteen trifluoroacetic acid-soluble oligopeptide hydrolysis products were identified by determination of the amino acid sequence. Eleven of these oligopeptides originated from the 78-residue sequence comprising the C-terminal region of alpha s1-casein and were present among the products after the first 60 min of digestion. Three oligopeptides from the N-terminal region and two others from the central region of the alpha s1-casein sequence were also present among the early digestion products although in smaller amounts than most of the oligopeptides from the C-terminal region. No clear consensus sequence of amino acid residues surrounding the cleavage sites could be identified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of bovine beta-casein hydrolysis by PI and PIII-type proteinases from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris [corrected].

The action of the cell-wall-associated proteinases from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains H2 and SK112 on bovine beta-casein was compared. The proteinase from the H2 strain was characterised as a PI-type proteinase since it did not hydrolyse alpha s1-casein and the initial trifluoroacetic acid-soluble products of beta-casein hydrolysis were identical to those previously identified as hydrolysis products of PI-type lactococcal proteinase action. The time-course of product formation by the proteinase from the H2 strain indicated that the bonds Tyr193-Gln194 and Gln182-Arg183 were the first to be hydrolysed. Cleavage of the bonds Gln175-Lys176, Ser168-Lys169, Ser166-Gln167 and Leu163-Ser164 was also very rapid. Four of the five bonds in beta-casein most susceptible to hydrolysis by the PIII-type proteinase from strain SK112 were different from those cleaved by the PI-type proteinase, initial hydrolysis being at the sites Tyr193-Gln194, Leu192-Tyr193, Asp43-Glu44, Gln46-Asp47 and Phe52-Ala53. Early hydrolysis at the three sites in the N-terminal region of beta-casein, leading to cleavage of the N-terminal phosphopeptide and rapid precipitation of the residual fragment, represents a marked contrast to the action of PI-type proteinases where cleavage at sites in the N-terminal region occurs only very slowly.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Rapid determination of sequence variations in actinidin isolated from Actinidia chinensis (var. Hayward) using fast atom bombardment mapping mass spectrometry and gas phase microsequencing.

A current limitation in the use of fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric mapping of peptide mixtures, derived from enzymic digestion of proteins, is that most of the hydrophilic peptides are not observed. However, it has been demonstrated from previous work that esterification of the peptide mixture results in the detection of almost all peptides in FAB mass spectrometry. This strategy of FAB mapping was applied to the protein actinidin, isolated from an Italian variety of Actinidia chinensis. Two of the 12 tryptic peptides in FAB mass spectrometry did not exhibit molecular ions predicted from the known sequence of actinidin isolated from the New Zealand variety of A. chinensis. The two peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, subjected to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion and sequenced by gas-phase microsequencing. Nine changes in amino acid composition were detected using the rapid and powerful combination of FAB mass spectrometric mapping and gas-phase microsequencing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Care plans for marketing and sales opportunities.

Similarities exist between marketing/sales behaviors and the skills dietitians practice in the development and implementation of nutrition care plans. A parallel process can be followed throughout the nutrition care plan and the sales call. Market research is completed prior to the sales call with the client. The product or service and the desired outcome are identified. Sales strategies make up the interactive skills used to accomplish the marketing plan.

Counseling↗
PubMed1988

The cDNA sequence coding for prepro-PGS (prepro-magainins) and aspects of the processing of this prepro-polypeptide.

Amphibian skin is well known as a source of peptides homologous to bioactive peptides found in mammalian gut and brain. A systematic investigation of the skin secretions from Xenopus laevis revealed several peptides not derivable from known precursors. The sequence elucidation, utilizing fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry, of two peptides, PGS and PGS Gly-10;Lys-22, is reported. These have been independently characterized and named magainins and found to have antimicrobial activity. A mixed sequence oligonucleotide probe complementary to the mRNA sequence coding for PGS was synthesized and used to screen a Xenopus skin cDNA library. A full length cDNA species encoding prepro-PGS was isolated and characterized, and its sequence is reported. The deduced precursor sequence was found to contain one copy of PGS Gly-10;Lys-22 and five copies of PGS. The proteolytic processing of this prepro-polypeptide is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Levitide, a neurohormone-like peptide from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Peptide and peptide precursor cDNA sequences.

A novel peptide, levitide, less than Glu-Gly-Met-Ile-Gly-Thr-Leu-Thr-Ser-Lys-Arg-Ile-Lys-Gln-NH2 has been isolated from skin secretions of the South African frog Xenopus laevis and sequenced by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Synthetic oligonucleotides were used as probes to screen a X. laevis skin cDNA library for species coding for preprolevitide. Two such clones were detected and their sequences are reported here. Preprolevitide is 88 residues long, exhibits a putative signal sequence at the amino terminus, and contains the levitide peptide at the carboxyl terminus. The levitide precursor shows a striking nucleotide and amino acid (86%) sequence homology with the precursor of xenopsin, a biologically active octapeptide from Xenopus skin, and also encodes a 25-residue amphipathic peptide that is released by processing at a single arginine residue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗