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C H Rodgers

Publications and source records attributed to C H Rodgers.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The history of research training and career awards in urological science supported in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Urology research and training grants were placed into a separate research program in 1979. Research emphasis and the context of training programs have changed from a focus on urolithiasis in the 1970s to a broader range of urological disorders in the 1980s. From 1977 to 1990, 49 applications were submitted by 47 applicants for research training/career development support and 39% of the applications were successful. From 1977 to 1987 medical doctors applying for research/career training had a 75% success rate in subsequent National Institutes of Health research grant applications, and basic scientists had a 67% success rate. Of the 33 former trainees supported on institutional training grants during the last 14 years 76% were medical doctors and 24% were basic scientists. From 1977 to 1987, no former medical doctors or basic scientists from institutional training grants have a record of applying to the National Institutes of Health for research grant support. The urology community needs to capitalize on the available opportunities to expand the training programs to increase the number of physician and urological research scientists.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of postdoctoral research training and trainees supported by the National Institutes of Health in the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases.

The interest of young MDs and PhDs in research careers was assessed by determining the number of former trainees who applied for and (or) received research support from the Public Health Service. Thirty-two percent of trainees supported by Institutional Training Grants between 1977 and 1981 made a subsequent application. Seventy-six percent of all those who submitted applications to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for research project support received awards. Examination of the success rate for individual applications submitted by former trainees showed that 56% of all applications submitted by MD scientists were awarded, and 57% of all applications submitted by PhD scientists were awarded. This compares to an NIH-wide average of 33.3% for the same period. The number of appointments made to Institutional Training Grants for a full year remained fairly constant over a 6-year period, as did the number appointed to individual fellowships over an 8-year period. The dollars expended on Institutional Training Grants increased 33% from 1982 to 1986 for a similar number of trainees, and increased 30% from 1981 to 1988 for a similar number of individual fellowships. The number of Research Career Development Award (RCDA) applications declined by 66% for MDs and by 53% for PhDs, accounting for a 32% reduction in the number of active RCDAs held by MDs and a 60% reduction in active RCDAs held by PhDs from 1985 to 1988. MD scientists submitted more applications, had higher award rates, and received more RCDA awards than did PhD scientists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hematologic Diseases↗
PubMed1978

In vitro liver clearance of tritiated estradiol-17beta in the female rat after retrochiasmatic transection and ovariectomy.

It was reported in a previous study that serum estradiol-17beta (E2) was elevated in rats after retrochiasmatic transection (FC). Serum E2 was also higher in estradiol cypionate treated, ovariectomized (OVX) rats that had been subjected to FC than in those that had not. This suggested that increased secretion of E2 was not the only factor responsible for elevated serum E2 after FC. To ascertain the contribution of decreased metabolism of E2 to this response, liver tissue slices were incubated with 3H-estradiol-17beta, and the rates of 3H uptake and conversion to water-soluble conjugates were measured. The rate of uptake of 3H by the tissue was not indicative of the rate of conjugate formation. Livers of rats with high serum E2 exhibited lower rates of 3H uptake than those of rats with low serum E2. Even so, the formation of 3H conjugates was greater in liver of rats with high serum E2. As hypothesized, livers of rats with FC formed conjugates at a significantly lower rate than those of similarly treated rats without FC. Thus, FC of an intact rat leads to an increase in serum E2 by increasing the secretion of E2, and apparently also by decreasing the rate of E2 metabolism by the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Medico-psychological interventions in male asthmatic children: an evaluation of physiological change.

The purpose of this study was systematically to evaluate the effectiveness of several modes of psychological intervention used with male asthmatic children being treated in the Allergy Outpatient Clinic. Therapeutic effectiveness was measured by large airway changes in respiratory function, and the number of recurrent asthmatic attacks. The psychotherapeutic modes used were Relaxation Training, Assertive Training, and combined Relaxation plus Assertive Training. All patients were administered medication by the responsible physician. The group psychotherapy experiences were controlled by using patients who received medication alone and by patients who received medication and met in a leaderless group. The effectiveness of the therapeutic interventions was determined by comparisons between pretreatment measures and measurements taken during and after the eight-week treatment program. Both Relaxation Training by itself and combined Relaxation plus Assertive Training increased respiratory functioning and reduced the number of attacks. Assertive Training alone failed to improve respiratory function and had a tendency to increase the frequency of asthmatic attacks. It was concluded that the most effective management in male asthmatic children was achieved by the combination of medical and psychological treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Differentiation between neural and hormonal control of sexual behavior and gonadotropin secretion in the female rat.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative roles of the neural and endocrine feed-back systems in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and behavior in the female rat. Retrochiasmatic knife cuts were placed in animals which were tested for mating behavior on five consecutive days, subsequent to the development of cornified vaginal smears. A knife-cut control group was autopsied immediately after behavioral tests. A second knife-cut group and a group of cycling controls were acutely ovariectomized, and their behavior was assessed until mating ceased. Some of each of the two groups were administered small daily amounts of estradiol cypionate (estrogen) under two-dose regimens. Mating behavior and vaginal cytology were followed, and autopsies were performed 70 days after ovariectomy. At autopsy, serum was collected for LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone radioimmunoassays. The knife cuts caused high levels of mating on five consecutive days of testing in all animals. After ovariectomy, the surgical group mated at higher rates for longer time periods than did the controls, and the vaginal smears were predominately leukocytic. Knife cut controls had significantly elevated serum estrogen titers over cycling controls except for proestrous morning values. Exogenous estrogen was retained longer in the serum in the surgical than in the control group. Progesterone was relatively low in the retrochiasmatic cut groups. Serum LH was not elevated in the surgical groups except following ovariectomy; exogenous estrogen not only stimulated more mating sooner in the surgical group, but inhibited high levels of LH caused by ovariectomy. FSH was elevated in the surgical and control ovariectomized groups, and exogenous estrogen lowered FSH in the surgical but not the control group. Estrogen and LH levels were compared between the control and knife cut groups, and it was determined that the set-point for negative feedback effects of estrogen on LH was comparable for the two groups. It was concluded that retrochiasmatic knife cuts cause high estrogen titers, which may be responsible for the continuous behavior in animals with intact ovaries, whereas, in the absence of ovaries, the surgical treatment may reduce fore-brain inhibition on behavior. The data also suggest that the mediobasal hypothalamus in animals with retrochiasmatic knife cuts responds normally to exogenous estrogen by reducing LH secretion in the ovariectomized animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Recovery of mating behavior in the female rat following VMH lesions.

On the day of proestrus, female rats were given large electrolytic lesions aimed at the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). Following a postoperative period of extended diestrus the vaginal smears showed irregular periods of vaginal cornification with a tendency toward prolonged periods of cornified smears. Sexual receptivity, measured in terms of the lordosis-to-mount ratio (L% = L/M X 100) was low on the evening of the first postsurgical proestrus, but improved markedly in subsequent mating sessions. Although the lordosis response was present, the intromission frequency remained below that observed during mating sessions with control females. Findings at autopsy together with the prolonged periods of vaginal cornification suggest that VMH lesions result in blocked or delayed ovulation. The behavioral data contradict previous reports of blocked mating behavior in VMH females based upon indirect measures of receptivity, i.e., the presence of vaginal plugs or sperm on the morning following overnight caging with sexually active males.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for gonadotropin release.

Regulation of the ovulatory cycle involves the interdependence of the adenohypophysis, the ovaries, the CNS, and the external environment. Several distinctions in brain functions and the overlapping control of several neuro-endocrine systems are pointed out. Important neuro-anatomical relationships between basomedial hypothalamus and other brain regions are noted. The anatomical structure is correlated with the control of gonadotropin secretion. Reflexive ovulation is considered as a special instance of external environmental influence. Data suggests that both lower mammals and human primates may show reflexive as well as spontaneous ovulation.

Animals↗