Biomedical subjects

C Hagino

Publications and source records attributed to C Hagino.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Systematic review of randomized clinical trials of complementary/alternative therapies in the treatment of tension-type and cervicogenic headache.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of complementary/alternative (CAM) therapies in the treatment of non-migrainous headache (i.e. excluding migraine, cluster and organic headaches). DESIGN: Systematic review with quality scoring and evidence tables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of RCTs per therapy, quality scores, evidence tables. RESULTS: Twenty-four RCTs were identified in the categories of acupuncture, spinal manipulation, electrotherapy, physiotherapy, homeopathy and other therapies. Headache categories included tension-type (under various names pre-1988), cervicogenic and post-traumatic. Quality scores for the RCT reports ranged from approximately 30 to 80 on a 100 point scale. CONCLUSION: RCTs for CAM therapies of the treatment of non-migrainous headache exist in the literature and demonstrate that clinical experimental studies of these forms of headache can be conducted. Evidence from a sub-set of high quality studies indicates that some CAM therapies may be useful in the treatment of these common forms of headache.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed1998

Before/after study to determine the effectiveness of the align-right cylindrical cervical pillow in reducing chronic neck pain severity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness (at the 0.1 level of statistical significance) of the Align-Right (roll-shaped) cervical pillow (ARCP) on neck pain severity and headache/neck pain medication use in chronic neck pain subjects. DESIGN: The design was a "before/after" (i.e., a "pre/post" trial). SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight subjects, 25-45 yr of age with cervical spine pain of biomechanical origin of > 2 on an 11-point ordinal pain scale. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was severity of morning and evening neck pain. The secondary outcome measure was daily quantity of analgesics ingested. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially for clinically and statistically significant pre/post intervention differences. METHODS: Eligible subjects who successfully finished a 2-wk baseline data-gathering period by mailing in two properly completed diaries each received a pillow and four more diaries (to be filled in over the subsequent 4 wk). Three repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed using the Bonferroni-corrected level of statistical significance of 0.03. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (for paired-samples mean differences) were also calculated for those pre/post differences that seemed descriptively clinically important. RESULTS: The clinically and statistically significant reductions in neck/shoulder pain severity in this sample of chronic neck pain subjects suggest that the ARCP is an effective therapy for target populations with the same profile as this sample. Patient characteristics predicting suitability were not studied in this project. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the ARCP has clinically important beneficial effects on the neck pain severity of most chronic neck-pain sufferers. Further randomized clinical trial research comparing the ARCP with other commonly used cervical pillows is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Random vs. systematic sampling from administrative databases involving human subjects.

OBJECTIVE: Two sampling techniques, simple random sampling (SRS) and systematic sampling (SS), were compared to determine whether they yield similar and accurate distributions for the following four factors: age, gender, geographic location and years in practice. METHOD: Any point estimate within 7 yr or 7 percentage points of its reference standard (SRS or the entire data set, i.e., the target population) was considered "acceptably similar" to the reference standard. The sampling frame was from the entire membership database of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. The two sampling methods were tested using eight different sample sizes of n (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 800). From the profile/characteristics, summaries of four known factors [gender, average age, number (%) of chiropractors in each province and years in practice], between- and within-methods chi 2 tests and unpaired t tests were performed to determine whether any of the differences [descriptively greater than 7% or 7 yr] were also statistically significant. The strengths of the agreements between the provincial distributions were quantified by calculating the percent agreements for each (provincial pairwise-comparison methods). Any percent agreement less than 70% was judged to be unacceptable. RESULTS: Our assessments of the two sampling methods (SRS and SS) for the different sample sizes tested suggest that SRS and SS yielded acceptably similar results. Both methods started to yield "correct" sample profiles at approximately the same sample size (n > 200). CONCLUSION: SS is not only convenient, it can be recommended for sampling from large databases in which the data are listed without any inherent order biases other than alphabetical listing by surname.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Cervicogenic dysfunction in muscle contraction headache and migraine: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and nature of findings of cervicogenic dysfunction is explored in subjects with muscle contraction/tension-type (MCH) headache and common migraine without aura (CM). DESIGN: Descriptive survey. SETTING: Chiropractic outpatient research clinic. PATIENTS: Forty-seven (47) subjects, aged 18-55 with two categories of benign headache, were studied: MCH (tension-type) n = 19 (6 males, 13 females) and CM (without aura), n = 28 (3 males, 25 females). Subjects were recruited as part of an intervention trial and, thus, form a consecutive sample of patients. The present findings were elicited as part of the initial assessment. INTERVENTION: No therapeutic intervention is reported. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardized headache history; plain film and dynamic spinal X rays; motion palpation; and pressure algometry. RESULTS: For CM, the most prevalent headache locations were frontal (81%) and occipital (78%). Neck pain and upper back pain accompanied headache in 90% and 41% of subjects, respectively. For MCH, the most prevalent headache locations were occipital (87%) and frontal (81%). Neck and upper back pain accompanied headache in 100% and 27%, respectively, of all subjects. For the total group, 77% of all subjects and 89% of females exhibited a marked reduction, absence or reversal of the normal cervical lordosis. Ninety-seven percent of all subjects exhibited, on dynamic X-ray studies, at least one significant abnormality of segmental mobility from C1 to C7, while 43% exhibited abnormalities at four or more segments. Segmental motion at C0-C1 was reduced in 90% of subjects in flexion and 70% of subjects in extension. On motion palpation, 84% of CM and MCH subjects were found to have at least two major fixations from C0 to C2. On pressure algometry, 92% of CM and 85% of MCH had at least one verifiable tender point (TP) in the upper cervical region. The most common locations for TPs were mid-cervical (C2-C3), lateral occipital and suboccipital. CONCLUSIONS: Both MCH and CM subjects demonstrate high occurrences of: a) occipital and neck pain during headaches; b) tender points in the upper cervical region; c) greatly reduced or absent cervical curve; and d) X-ray evidence of joint dysfunction in the upper and lower cervical spine. These findings support the premise that the neck plays an important, but largely ignored role in the manifestation of adult benign headaches. A case-control study should be conducted to confirm the greater prevalence of cervicogenic dysfunction in headache as compared to nonheadache subjects.

Adolescent↗