Biomedical subjects

C Hao

Publications and source records attributed to C Hao.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Clinical and pathologic analysis of Sjögren's syndrome with renal impairment: a report of 84 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To further study the renal damage of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and its clinical and pathologic characteristics with biopsy and recent technology. METHODS: 84 patients of SS with renal impairment from 1993 to 1999 were analyzed by routine, immunoassay, tubular function and biopsy examination. RESULTS: 55 of the 84 cases presented with renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 5 with diabetes insipidus and 3 with hypokalemic paralysis. Glomerulopathy occurred in 22 cases (nephrotic syndrome 12, glomerulonephritis 10) and mild renal failure (RF) was found in 14. 69.1% of the patients had hypergamma-globulinemia. 64.3% and 44.1% of the patients showed positive anti SS-A and anti SS-B. In 37 renal biopsy specimens 21 showed chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) with extensive lymphoplasmic cell infiltration and tubular atrophy. 10 of the 37 specimens revealed lupus nephritis (LN, type III and IV) and 5 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). With immunofluorescence tests, no positive findings were seen in most of the specimens, but deposition of IgA, IgM or C(3) was seen in some patients. IgG deposits in the interstitial lymphoplasmic cells were found in 1 patient. 25 patients were treated with prednisone combined with cytoxan (CTX). In 14 patients with renal failure, serum creatinine level returned to normal after treatment. CONCLUSION: Renal impairment may be the presenting or predominant feature in SS. The major clinical manifestations are RTA and GN. Treatment with prednisone may decrease the infiltration of lymphoplasmic cells in the interstitium, improve the renal function and correct RTA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic factors of the patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). METHODS: Clinical and laboratory parameters of 209 CGL patients at diagnosis were analyzed in relation to survival. COX regression analysis were used to identify the statistically significant prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median survival time was 57 (3 - 179) months, and 5 year survival rate was 48%. From the COX regression model, the four main poor prognostic factors were as follows: percentage of bone marrow blasts (>or= 0.04), percentage of peripheral blood blasts and promyelocytes and presence of erythroid precursors in peripheral blood. According to the prognostic scores, three groups of CGL were identified. The low-risk group was with a median survival time of 76 months, the intermediate-risk group with 56 months, and the high-risk group with 31.5 months (P < 0.01). The 5 year survival rate was 70.42%, 46.30% and 18.18% (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A prognostic scoring system suitable for Chinese CGL patients was proposed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Observation of long-term therapeutic outcome in chronic granulocytic leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the long-term outcome of various therapeutic protocol for the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). METHODS: Median duration of chronic phase, survival and transformation of 331 CGL patients treated with different project were retrospectively analyzed. RESULT: Longer chronic phase and survival and lower percentage of transformation were found in patients using mesoindigo as maintaining treatment as compared with those using busulfan as maintaining treatment. The effect of meisoindigo and hydroxyurea showed no significant difference. These two drugs were both superior to bulsufan. Combination chemotherapy was not superior to meisoindigo, hydroxyurea or busulfan alone. Interferon had the best therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of CGL. CONCLUSION: Busulfan was not suitable for maintaining treatment. Meisoindigo or meisoindigo combined with hydroxyurea was good choices for maintaining treatment. Meisoindigo and hydroxyurea had better effect in combination than alone. Interferon could significantly prolong the chronic period and survival period of CGL patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Mass spectrometric study of persistent acid metabolites of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants.

A mass spectrometric study was carried out on two nonylphenoxycarboxylic acids, NP1EC and NP2EC (where 1 and 2 indicate the number of ethoxylate units attached to the nonylphenoxy moiety), that are persistent metabolites of widely used nonionic surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylates. In a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) study of the methyl esters of NP1EC and NP2EC, two series of fragment ions were observed in electron ionization (EI) mass spectra; m/z (179 + 14n, n = 0-7) and m/z (105 + 14n, n = 0-4) for NP1ECMe and m/z (223 + 14n, n = 0-7) and m/z (107 + 14n, n = 0-5) for NP2ECMe. Similarity indices were used to compare quantitatively the mass spectra of isomers. The mass spectra of two isomers were found to be similar whereas those of the remaining isomers were readily distinguishable from each other. The abundant fragment ions of the two NPECMes were investigated further by GC/MS/MS; product ions resulting from cleavage in the alkyl moiety, cleavage in the ECMe moiety and cleavage in both moieties were detected. Possible structures of the nonyl groups in the two esters were inferred. GC/chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra of the NPECMes with isobutane as reagent gas showed characteristic hydride ion-abstracted fragment ions shifted by 1 Da from those in the corresponding EI mass spectra. The sensitivity of a selected ion monitoring quantitation method for the NPECMes is enhanced under CI conditions compared with that under EI conditions. With electrospray ionization MS/MS, [M - H](-) ions of NP1EC (m/z 277) and NP2EC (m/z 321) were observed and, upon collision-induced dissociation of [M - H](-) of each of the two acids, fragment ions of m/z 219 corresponding to deprotonated nonylphenol, were observed in each case. Based on this observation, a rapid, simple and reliable selected product ion quantitation method is proposed for NP1EC and NP2EC.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2000

Observation of Na(+)-bound oligomers of quercetin in the gas phase.

While developing a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of the flavonoid quercitin, it was observed that quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) exhibited clustering in both the positive and negative ion mode. Two series of positive ion clusters were observed; the first series corresponds to singly charged [2M + Na](+) at m/z 627.2 to [13M + Na](+) at m/z 3947.5, while the second series corresponds to doubly charged [7M + 2Na](2+) at m/z 1080.4 to [25M + 2Na](2+) at m/z 3798.5. In the negative ion mode, the behavior of quercetin parallels that of apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) in that [M + NO(3)](-), [2M + NO(3)](-), and [3M + NO(3)](-) were observed at m/z 364.1, 666.0, and 968.9, respectively; in addition, quercitin clusters with chloride ions ([2M + Cl](-) at m/z 638.9 and [3M + Cl](-) at m/z 940. 9) were observed. The results of tandem mass spectrometric examination of several cluster ions are reported.

Gases↗

PubMed2000

The effect of different interventional treatment on P-Glycoprotein in different histopathological types and grades of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

To study the effect of the different interventional treatment on P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) in different histopathological types of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 98 surgically and histologically verified PHC specimens were obtained. The patients included 57 patients treated by surgical resection alone and 41 patients receiving second-stage surgical resection after four kinds of interventional treatment. SABC immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody against human Pgp was used to observe the Pgp in all specimens. The positive rate of Pgp was 100% in group of chemotherapy alone (P < 0.05), 62.5% in group of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil (P > 0.05), 46.6% in group of chemotherapy combined with iodized oil and spongia gelatini absorbens (Sga) (P > 0.05), 18.18% in group of chemotherapy combined with Ethanol-iodized-oil and Sga (P < 0.05) and 52.63% in group of surgical resection alone. The positive rate of Pgp varied with different histopathological types, with rate of clear cell PHC being the lowest, and that of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated PHC the highest. The positive rate of Pgp was increased as pathological grades increased. Overexpression of Pgp may be responsible for the intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of PHC. Multidrug resistance (MDR) varied with different histological types. Therapy of PHC should be tailored according to individual. Local chemotherapy combined with ethanol-iodized-oil and Sga embolization may become a new way to overcome MDR of PHC.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2000

Relationship between the expression of alpha 1-antitrypsinase in bronchioalveolar carcinoma and clinical pathology.

By using immunohistochemistry LSAB method and imaging analysis technique, the expression of alpha 1-antitrypsinase (alpha 1-AT) in 41 cases of bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC) was quantitatively detected to explore the relationship between alpha 1-AT expression in BAC tissues and clinical pathology. The results showed that the total positive rate for alpha 1-AT expression was 85.4%. The positive rate for alpha 1-AT expression in alveolar BAC was 100%, with the immunity reactive staining intensity being significantly higher than in papillary BAC, mucinous BAC or sclerosing BAC (P < 0.05). The positive rate in papillary BAC was 93.3%, with the intensity higher mucinous BAC or sclerosing BAC (P < 0.01); The positive rate in both mucinous BAC and sclerosing BAC was 66.7% (P > 0.05); The expression intensity in lymph node metastatic group was obviously lower than that in the group without metastasis (P < 0.01); The patients with mucinous BAC were diagnosed at a younger age than those with other histologic types of BAC (P < 0.05). It was suggested that BAC cells could also produce alpha 1-AT. Detection of alpha 1-AT could be used as a new method to diagnose BAC and might play a role in assessing BAC metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

The effect of hypoxia on expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in pulmonary vascular pericytes.

To examine whether hypoxia exerts effect on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in pulmonary vascular pericytes (PC), cell culture, in situ hybridization with probe of digoxigenin-11-dUTP-labled cDNA, immunocytochemistry and image analysis were employed in this study. The results showed that the expression amount of bFGF mRNA and protein in PC of hypoxia (H) group was 1.31 times (P < 0.01) and 1.17 times (P < 0.01) that of normoxia (N) group respectively. It suggests that hypoxia can directly enhance the expression of bFGF mRNA and protein in PC. Increased expression of bFGF may play an important role in the process of PC proliferation and differentiation of PC into smooth muscle-like cells.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Glioma immunology and immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in conventional therapy, the prognosis for most glioma patients remains dismal. This has prompted an intensive search for effective treatment alternatives. Immunotherapy, one such alternative, has long been recognized as a potentially potent cancer treatment but has been limited by an inadequate understanding of the immune system. Now, increased insight into immunology is suggesting more rational approaches to immunotherapy. In this article, we explore key aspects of modern immunology and discuss their implications for glioma therapy. METHODS: A thorough literature review of glioma immunology and immunotherapy was undertaken to inquire into the basic immunology, central nervous system immunology, glioma immunobiology, standard glioma immunotherapy, and recent immunotherapeutic advances in glioma treatment. RESULTS: Although gliomas express tumor-associated antigens and appear potentially sensitive to immune responses, many factors work together to inhibit antiglioma immunity. Not surprisingly, most clinical attempts at glioma immunotherapy have met with little success to date. However, novel immunostimulatory strategies, such as immunogene therapy, directed cytokine delivery, and dendritic cell manipulation, have recently yielded dramatic preclinical results in glioma models. This suggests that glioma-derived immunosuppression can be overcome. CONCLUSION: Modern molecular biology and immunology techniques have yielded a wealth of new data about glioma immunobiology. Armed with this information, many investigators have proposed novel means to stimulate antiglioma immune responses. Although definitive clinical results remain to be seen, the current renaissance in glioma immunology and immunotherapy shows great promise for the future.

Cancer Vaccines↗

PubMed2000

[The changes of GFAP and PCNA after human brain contusion: an immunohistochemical study in forensic pathology].

In order to find out changes of GFAP and PCNA after human brain trauma, samples of 38 cases were studied by the immunnohistochemistry method combined with quantitative image analysis. The gray degree and area of PCNA positive cells increased to the maximum at the 4th day and then decreased gradually. GFAP positive cells began to increase significantly 12 hours after contusion, reached the maximum at the 4th day and stayed in high level until the 7th day. These results suggest that: (1) GFAP, PCNA show regular changes with survival time after brain contusion; (2) GFAP and PCNA can be used as time markers of brain contusion from 2-20 days.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometric analysis of diglycosyldiacylglycerol glycolipids from the bacteria Bacillus pumilus.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was used to directly analyze the glycolipid mixture from bacteria Bacillus pumilus without preliminary separation. Full scan ESI-MS revealed the composition of picomole quantities of glycerolglycolipid species containing C(14)-C(19) fatty acids, some of which were monounsaturated. Two main components were identified from their molecular masses and fragmentation pathways. The fragmentation pathway of the known compound compared with the investigated compound verified the proposed structure as 1(3)-acyl-2-pentadecanoyl-3(1)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerols. A comparison of the multiple tandem mass spectra of the different alkali-metal cation adducts indicates that the intensity of fragments and the dissociation pathways are dependent on the alkali-metal type. The basic structures of glycerolglycolipids were reflected clearly from the fragmentation patterns of the sodium cations. The intense fragments of the sugar residue from the precursor ions were obtained from the lithiated adduct ions. ESI-MS(n) spectra of [M + K](+) ions did not provide as much fragmentation as [M + Na](+) and [M + Li](+) adducts, but their spectra allow the position of glycerol acylation to be determined. On the basis of MS(2) spectra of [M + K](+) ions, it was established that all components have a C(15:0) fatty acid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone and C(14)-C(19) acids at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of ATP on malignant phenotype of a human gastric cancer cell line].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of ATP on proliferation and differentiation of a human gastric cancer cell line. METHODS: M17, a subclone of human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803, was treated in vitro with ATP(0.23 mg/ml). After 48 hr, the following parameters were examined. (1) Proliferation of cells by daily cell counting. (2) Microvilli of the cells were observed by scanning EM. (3) Gap junction intercellular communication was examined by mechanical scraping and Lucifer dye transfer. (4) Microfilament of the cytoskeleton was studied with fluorescin-labeled phalloidin. (5) Vinculin adhesion plague was stained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: ATP significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of M17 cells. The ATP-treated M17 cells showed disappearance of microvilli on the cell surface, increased gap junction intercellular communication, improved organization of microfilament bundles and reappearance of vinculin adhesion plagues. CONCLUSION: ATP not only inhibits proliferation but also induces differentiation of a human gastric cancer cell line with reversion from malignant toward normal phenotype. The parameters examined could serve as useful biomarkers of human gastric cancer.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗

PubMed1998

Rapid analysis of steroidal saponin mixture using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with sequential tandem mass spectrometry.

Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) combined with sequential tandem MS(ESI-MSn), two major steroidal saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris were studied, and considerable useful structural information was obtained. The structure of the proposed known steroidal saponin was verified, and the structure of the unknown saponin was investigated using MSn experiments. Some special fragment ions were also observed, and the corresponding fragmentation mechanisms were investigated which are characteristic for steroidal saponins and can give some information on the linkage position of some sugar groups in saponins. This methodology has been established as a powerful tool for the rapid, comparative analysis of mixtures such as crude plant extracts.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Lipopolysaccharide induction of MARCKS-related protein and cytokine secretion are differentially impaired in microglia from LPS-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice.

Many events involved in activation of microglia and leukocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), and we have recently demonstrated that a major PKC substrate, MARCKS-related protein (MRP), is selectively induced by LPS in murine microglia. In microglia from LPS-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice, induction of MRP and secretion of CSF-1 required much higher LPS concentrations (> or = 100 ng/ml) than in normal (C3H/OuJ) microglia (< or = 10 ng/ml). By contrast, TNF alpha production was not significantly increased in C3H/HeJ microglia even at 1 microgram LPS/ml. Microglia expressed PKC isoforms alpha, beta, delta, and zeta (but not gamma and epsilon); PKC isoform levels were similar in both normal and C3H/HeJ microglia and no significant change in response to LPS was noted. Our results indicate that LPS alters PKC substrate (rather than kinase) expression, and that the Lpsd mutation in C3H/HeJ mice differentially affects regulation of several gene products implicated in microglial function.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Significance of P-selectin expression in human glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between P-selectin expression and human glomerulonephritis. METHODS: P-selectin expression was investigated in renal biopsies of glomerulonephritis patients (n = 133) by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses. They were divided into three groups based on the degrees of cells proliferation or sclerosis. Group I: histological lesions in glomeruli are mild (n = 23); Group II: glomerular cells proliferation is prominent (n = 91); Group III: glomerular sclerosis is severe (n = 19). The Kruskal-Wallis test, Chisquare test and Spearman's correlation were used in our study. RESULTS: In normal controls, renal P-selectin expression was negative (n = 10). In glomerulonephritis, the up-regulated P-selectin expression on tubular epithelium was significantly higher than that on glomeruli and interstitium (P < 0.01). P-selectin was expressed predominantly on platelets in glomeruli, and glomerular P-selectin expression was more significantly up-regulated in Group II than in Group I or Group III (P < 0.05; and P < 0.01, respectively). There were strong correlations between the degree of tubulointerstitial lesions and the expression of P-selectin on tubular epithelium or within interstitium (rs = 0.395 and rs = 0.337, P < 0.01). Furthermore, P-selectin messenger RNA (mRNA) signals were also detected in the cytoplasm of glomerulus, tubular epithelial cells, interstitium and vascular endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: P-selectin might mediate intraglomerular platelets aggregation, activation and leukocyte accumulation in the early stages of human proliferative glomerulonephritis. The up-regulation of P-selectin in interstitium was associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and may contribute to the progression of glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The effect of nifedipine on the microcirculation in pregnancy-induced hypertension].

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of nifedipine on the microcirculation in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). METHODS: We observed the microcirculation in nailfold of 30 normal pregnant women and 76 cases of PIH. 20 mg nifedipine was given and nailfold microcirculation was observed after 30 minutes. RESULTS: Nifedipine increased the velocity of blood flow, reduced the aggregation of erythrocytes, and dilated capillaries. After the administration of nifedipine, the total score of the nailfold microcirculation decreased significantly in mild and moderate PIH (P < 0.05), but no marked difference was observed in severe PIH cases (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The disorder of the microcirculation of PIH can be improved by nifedipine.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

P-glycoprotein expression in primary breast cancer.

In a retrospective study, liquid nitrogen preserved specimens from 50 women with primary breast cancer, who underwent surgery at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research between June, 1986 and September, 1988, were investigated. All patients under this study were staged in TNM II or later, involved with axillary lymph node metastasis, and treated with systemic postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The median length of follow-up was 69 months. The expression of P-glycoprotein was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody C219 specifically against P-glycoprotein and avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Positive staining for P-glycoprotein was found in 23 (46%) of the 50 patients. The P-glycoprotein expression negative group fared better than the group that was P-glycoprotein positive in overall survival curves (p = 0.0008, by the generalized Wilcoxon test). The prognostic effect of P-glycoprotein expression remained statistically significant (p = 0.0007) after adjustment by multivariate analysis (Cox's model) for other prognostic factors. It is demonstrated that P-glycoprotein expression is a significant and independent predictor of postoperative survival in breast cancer patients. The results of the present study suggest that P-glycoprotein expression might also influence the biological behavior of breast cancers.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1993

Microglia progenitor cells: a subpopulation in cultures of mouse neopallial astroglia.

We have shown that astroglia cultures initiated from newborn mouse neopallium contain microglia progenitor cells. Astroglia secrete growth factor(s) that transform the progenitor cells into microglia. One of the trophic factors is bone marrow macrophage growth factor CSF-1. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells STO also secrete trophic factor(s) that acts synergistically or additively with CSF-1 on microglia progenitor cells. Using limiting dilution analysis we estimated that in the presence of CSF-1 and STO cells, 1 in every 8 cells in astroglia cultures is a potential microglia progenitor cell.

Animals↗