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Biomedical subjects

C Haug

Publications and source records attributed to C Haug.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The metabolization of carbamazepine to CBZ-10,11-epoxide in children from the newborn age to adolescence.

CBZ-10,11-epoxide is a major metabolite of CBZ. It has anticonvulsive properties and may be responsible for side-effects of CBZ treatment. Fifty-two children between the age of 2 weeks and 15 years were treated with CBZ (mean dosage 17 mg/kg body weight) either as mono- (n = 36) or in polytherapy (n = 16). The drug was delivered as an oral solution, as a nonretarded tablet or, most frequently, as a retarded tablet. The duration of treatment ranged from 1 to 94 months with 23 patients being on treatment for less than 3 months. Blood samples were taken with random timing after the last ingestion of the drug. The relative concentration of CBZ epoxide (expressed in % of CBZ) was higher in infants (median 48.9%) than in older children (median 14.9% in the 12-15-year-old group). A significant linear correlation with age was found (p < 0.001). In addition to young age, polytherapy (p < 0.01) and administration as a nonretarded formulation rather than as a retarded tablet (p < 0.05) induced a higher relative concentration of the epoxide. The relative concentration of the epoxide did not correlate with the serum CBZ concentration and the duration of treatment. Although in our study high epoxide levels were not related to clinical side effects, we recommend that in very young children polytherapy treatment with carbamazepine should be performed with caution and in difficult cases a determination of the epoxide level should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival.

Vitamin D metabolites, immunologic, virologic, and clinical parameters, and survival time were determined in 22 asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (CDC stage II/III), 31 symptomatic HIV-infected patients (CDC stage IV), and 28 HIV-seronegative controls. Significantly lower serum levels of 1,25-vitamin D (1,25D) were found in symptomatic patients (median, 34 pg/mL; 25th-75th percentile, 21-45) compared with controls (49 pg/mL; 39-59) and asymptomatic patients (45 pg/mL; 42-50). In HIV-infected subjects, the serum level of 1,25D was positively correlated with CD4+ cell counts in peripheral blood (r = .35, P < .05) and negatively correlated with the level of serum neopterin (r = -.36, P < .01). HIV-infected patients with abnormally low 1,25D (< 25 pg/mL) also had shorter survival times than other HIV-infected subjects (P < .01). Low 1,25D levels did not appear to be related to vitamin D deficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Effect of corticotropin releasing factor on atrial natriuretic peptide release from the isolated perfused rat heart.

The effect of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release and its possible modulation by indomethacin, norepinephrine, propranolol and nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) release) was investigated, using an isolated perfused rat heart preparation. Bolus injection of 5 micrograms CRF, dissolved in 100 microliters perfusion buffer, provoked a significant (p < 0.01 vs. control) short-time increase of ANP release. Indomethacin (3 x 10(-5) mol/l) inhibited the CRF-stimulated increase of ANP release and decreased the basal ANP secretion (p < 0.01 vs. CRF group). Norepinephrine (10(-9) mol/l) slightly, but not significantly, decreased the CRF-stimulated ANP release and did not change the basal ANP output. Propranolol (3 x 10(-6) mol/l) did not alter ANP release. Nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) mol/l) increased the basal ANP release (p < 0.01 vs. CRF group) and prolonged the CRF-induced rise of the ANP secretion. The present data suggest that prostaglandins are important mediators of basal and CRF-stimulated ANP release and that EDRF might be a physiological inhibitor of ANP release.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations correlate with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

The present study was designed to investigate whether brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plasma concentrations correlate with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (DPAP), right atrial pressure (RAP), or ejection fraction (EF). Plasma BNP and ANP levels were determined by commercial radioimmunoassays (Peninsula) after Sep Pak C18 extraction in blood samples withdrawn from the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle or from the left ventricle and the femoral vein in 85 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Linear and nonlinear regression analysis and the paired sample t-test were applied to the data. Pulmonary arterial plasma BNP and ANP levels showed a close nonlinear correlation with LVEDP (BNP: r = 0.94, p < 0.001; ANP: r = 0.81, p < 0.001), a significant linear correlation with PCWP, DPAP, and RAP, and a significant negative correlation with EF. ANP concentrations decreased significantly from the pulmonary artery to the left ventricle and from the left ventricle to the femoral vein (p < 0.001). BNP levels also decreased significantly between the left ventricle and the femoral vein (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between pulmonary arterial and left ventricular BNP concentrations. BNP and ANP concentrations correlated significantly between pulmonary arterial and left ventricular blood samples (BNP: r = 0.99, ANP: r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and between left ventricular and peripheral blood samples (BNP: r = 0.99, ANP: r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The present data suggest that peripheral plasma BNP and ANP levels are useful non-invasive indices of cardiac performance.

Atrial Function, Right↗
PubMed1992

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and active renin plasma concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We report here the alterations of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (S-ACE) and of active renin plasma concentrations (ARPC) in 41 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients compared with those of 26 control subjects. The IDDM patients had S-ACE activity (54 +/- 16 I.E.) in the upper normal range (controls, 39 +/- 7). When the patients were subclassified according to their diabetic complications, a significant increase of S-ACE within the IDDM group compared to the controls was observed in patients with nephropathy (68 +/- 13, P less than 0.001) with persistent proteinuria and with retinopathy (63 +/- 14, P less than 0.001). A significant correlation was found between proteinuria and S-ACE (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) and between retinopathy and S-ACE levels (r = 64, P less than 0.001). No correlation between blood pressure and S-ACE or between blood glucose and S-ACE was observed. The ARPC were within the normal range in the IDDM (21 +/- 9 ng/l) and in control (19 +/- 3) groups. No correlations between ARPC and blood pressure or blood glucose or the degree of diabetic complications were registered. These data show that S-ACE activity is elevated in IDDM patients with nephropathy-proteinuria and/or with retinopathy and the circulating renin may not represent the renal renin-angiotensin vascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dilatory and inotropic effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the isolated heart. Effects on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.

The effects of CRF administration on cardiac performance, coronary flow and ANP release were investigated in the rat heart. Isolated hearts were perfused at a constant filling pressure according to working heart model with a Krebs-Henseleit solution containing glucose and insulin, saturated with a gas mixture containing 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Administration of CRF via a cannula into the left atrium elicited a prolonged increase in the coronary flow rate and a transient increase in the aortic pressure resulting in an overall increase in the pressure-volume work. The oxygen consumption, after the administration of CRF, increased in accordance with the cardiac effort. No changes were observed in the spontaneous heart rate. Furthermore, administration of CRF induced a short-term increase of ANP release into the coronary perfusate. Our experiments suggest that administration of CRF produces a prolonged dilatory effect on the coronary arteries while producing a transient positive inotropic effect and a transient increase of ANP release on the isolated rat heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Ruptured aneurysm of an aberrant subclavian artery].

An X-ray film of the thorax in a 76-year-old man with recurrent dyspnoea and haemoptysis showed a widened upper mediastinum. Computed tomography demonstrated an aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery as the cause of the symptoms and the mediastinal widening. The patient died 5 days after hospitalization and before a planned operation, another episode of severe haemoptysis having been followed by haematemesis. Autopsy revealed a 13 cm-long aneurysm which had ruptured into the right upper lobe of the lung with bleeding into the bronchial system. No further cases of an aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery with ruptures into the lung parenchyma have been reported so far. But it should be included as a rare cause in the differential diagnosis of recurrent haemoptysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Review of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome with a report of five new instances.

Arterial damage, causing ischemia of the limb, occurs in less than 5 per cent of all instances of thoracic outlet syndrome. Arterial complications are usually associated with cervical ribs or rudimentary first ribs, but 12 per cent have occurred in patients with no osseous abnormality. The physiopathologic factors begin with compression of the subclavian artery which, in most patients, produces stenosis, poststenotic dilatation, formation of aneurysms and mural thrombosis. In other patients, aneurysms do not form, but the compression still causes stenosis, intimal injury and mural thrombosis. With either scenario, distal embolization can occur and produce signs and symptoms of ischemia that can limb-threatening. In this study, more than 200 patients reported previously and five additional sides in four patients were reviewed. Treatment depends upon the condition of the patient at presentation. Those with osseous abnormalities and no aneurysm or symptoms are not treated, while those with poststenotic dilatation or small aneurysms undergo rib resection only. Aneurysms more than twice the arterial diameter, intimal injury or mural thrombus are indications to resect, replace or bypass the subclavian artery. Patients who have had distal embolization and severe ischemic symptoms require, in addition to the aforementioned, distal thromboembolectomy, dorsal sympathectomy or both. Good results from treatment have been reported in 84 per cent of the 137 patients reported since 1970; 3 per cent required amputation and 3 per cent had cerebral emboli. Because the severe arterial complications were primarily the result of delayed therapy, they can best be avoided by early recognition, diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Subclavian vein obstruction and thoracic outlet syndrome: a review of etiology and management.

This is a comprehensive review of acute and chronic venous obstruction, both thrombotic and nonthrombotic. It covers the anatomy, etiology, clinical features, management, and results of treatment of this uncommon condition. The typical clinical symptoms are pain and swelling in the arm, aggravated by exercise. Venography is the essential diagnostic test. The treatment options for acute thrombosis and their results include: anticoagulants, 49% improvement in 185 cases; fibrinolysis, 74% improvement in 62 cases, 36 of whom later had first rib resection and three of whom had angioplasty; and thrombectomy, 94% improvement in 33 cases. For chronic obstruction, treatment alternatives are first rib resection, 77% improvement in 97 patients; claviculectomy, 83% improvement in six patients; scalenectomy and soft tissue division, 83% improvement in 23 cases; endovenectomy, 90% improvement in 10 cases; and venous bypass, 67% improvement in 15 cases. The definitions of "improvement" are variable and sometimes ambiguous. The data do not provide a rigid guideline for specific management of each condition; rather, the options are presented with their supporting data to permit an individualized approach.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural localization of prolactin-like antigenic determinants in neurosecretory cells in the brain of the honeybee (Apis mellifica).

With two different antisera to human prolactin (hPRL), the ultrastructural localization of PRL-like material in the bee brain is examined by means of the protein-A-gold method at the electron microscopical level. Labelling is found in electron-dense granules of medium size (150-200 nm in diameter) for the first time in insects. Such granules are distributed in the cytoplasm of the neurosecretory cells, their axons and their axon-terminals. The electron-dense granule is one criterion for identifying a neurosecretory cell. In the honeybee, hPRL-like material may serve as an old neurohormone with respect to its evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mouse fibroblast interferon modifies Salmonella typhimurium infection in infant mice.

The effect of mouse fibroblast interferon on Salmonella typhimurium infection in infant mice was examined. The lethality to mice that had been given S. typhimurium intragastrically was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when the mice were pretreated with fibroblast interferon. Lower doses of interferon delayed the development of disease. Interferon neutralized with anti-interferon globulin did not influence the lethality of S. typhimurium to mice. In mice treated with interferon there was also a reduced invasiveness of S. typhimurium in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. It was further demonstrated in an in vitro system that interferon pretreatment of mouse L-929 cells inhibited the invasiveness of the bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro inhibition was neutralized with anti-interferon globulin. The results indicate that interferon inhibits Salmonella bacteria from invading cells and establishing an intracellular state of infection. This may represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of disease.

Animals↗