Biomedical subjects
C Hodgson
Publications and source records attributed to C Hodgson.
Increased expression of the retinoblastoma gene in human colorectal carcinomas relative to normal colonic mucosa.
We report the first evidence of increased levels of the retinoblastoma (Rb) message in a majority of colorectal cancers when compared with normal mucosa. Southern blot analysis showed an increase in Rb gene copy number in at least 28% of colorectal carcinomas relative to normal mucosa. These results plus previous reports of nonrandom chromosome 13 gains in approximately 50% of colorectal cancers suggest that an increase in Rb gene copy number occurs frequently in these tumors. Possible mechanisms pertaining to overexpression of the Rb gene are discussed in relation to its role as a recessive cancer gene.
Tips on writing successful grant proposals.
Writing a grant proposal is both a means of obtaining research funds and of clarifying and developing a research project. When developing and writing a grant proposal, the applicant must consider the criteria used by funding agencies in its evaluation: expertise of the applicant, the research question, knowledge of the field, soundness of the research design, relevance, ethics and budget. Addressing these criteria will assist the applicant in developing an effective grant proposal. Applicants should also target their proposal to all agencies that have an interest in the field of the research. Alternative sources of research funds, such as private foundations, should be explored whenever possible. If an application is not funded, the researcher should use the reviewers' comments to improve the proposal for the purpose of resubmission. This article discusses some of the basics of preparing and submitting a grant proposal to funding agencies in order to obtain support for nursing research.
Intestinal folate absorption in methotrexate treated psoriatic patients.
Thirty-one psoriatic patients 14 of whom were being treated with methotrexate (MTX), participated in a controlled study to evaluate the influence of MTX therapy on the intestinal absorption of folate. Low serum and red cell folate levels in the MTX treated group confirmed previously reported findings. However, analysis of the intestinal absorption profile yielded no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that MTX therapy for psoriasis does not adversely affect the intestinal absorption of folate and the observed low body folate status is probably mainly the result of enhanced renal excretion.
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with generalized bullous eruption.
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Clinical toxicology of one-day administration of 500 mg of clotrimazole.
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One-day management of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Health concerns and health-related behaviours of adolescents.
Health promotion and treatment programs for adolescents must be tailored to the unique concerns and needs of this population. A questionnaire was mailed to 1000 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years in the Ottawa-Carleton region; 729 responded, giving information on their health concerns and habits. The teenagers reported worrying mostly about chronic conditions such as acne, menstrual disorders, emotional problems, dental problems and being overweight. Some of these conditions can be treated if care is sought. The psychosocial problems most important to the adolescents were school and family problems. Girls tended to report health concerns more often than boys, but there was little variation by age or social group. Although the proportions of adolescents who were smoking cigarettes, drinking alcoholic beverages or using "recreational" drugs or who had ever had sexual intercourse were relatively high, the number of respondents who perceived such habits as health problems was low. There was a low level of concern about birth control among the respondents, including those who indicated that they had had sexual intercourse. The fact that significantly more girls than boys reported that they smoked and had engaged in sexual intercourse suggests specific targets for health promotion activities.
One-day treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with a 500-mg clotrimazole vaginal tablet compared with a three-day regimen of two 100-mg vaginal tablets daily.
In a randomized, double-blind trial, the efficacy and safety of a new single-dose clotrimazole vaginal tablet were compared with that of three-day clotrimazole therapy. Forty-two patients with clinically and mycologically confirmed vulvo-vaginal candidiasis received either one 500-mg clotrimazole tablet for one day or two 100-mg tablets daily for three days. Follow-up visits were performed approximately one week and one month after treatment. Thirty-six patients were evaluated for drug efficacy. There was no significant difference in clinical and mycological responses to the two regimens (P = 1.00, Fisher's exact test). At the final visit, 16 (89%) of the 18 patients receiving one-day treatment showed mycological and clinical clearance of infection, as compared to 15 (83%) of the 18 patients receiving three-day therapy. One patient in the three-day treatment group presented moderate edema of the vulva which was judged to be remotely related to treatment. The findings indicate that a single 500-mg tablet of clotrimazole is as effective and safe in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis as a three-day course of 200 mg/day.
Adolescent health needs. II: Utilization of health care by adolescents.
In a random, mailed survey, 730 adolescents supplied information on their patterns and preferences for health care. The majority of respondents reported that they usually receive medical care from a private physician. Girls consulted physicians more frequently than boys, but there was no significant variation by age or social group. As the age of the respondent increased, the proportion visiting pediatricians decreased. When asked what they liked and disliked about their physician, respondents placed great emphasis upon the personal characteristics of the practitioner. Long waiting periods were the most common complaint. A significant proportion of adolescents with health concerns do not consult a health professional, even in cases where efficacious treatment may be available. Nervous/emotional problems, obesity, and birth control are concerns of adolescents which should be discussed with health professionals.
The use of dietary fiber in the management of simple, childhood, idiopathic, recurrent, abdominal pain. Results in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) affects 10% to 18% of school-age children and is caused by obvious organic pathology in fewer than 10% of cases. Two recent studies do not support previous beliefs that most RAP is psychogenic. Studies have shown disorders of bowel motility in children with RAP similar to those of adult irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); controlled trials of additional dietary fiber in adult IBS have shown beneficial results. We did a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 52 children with RAP and demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant decrease in pain attacks (at least 50% fewer) in almost twice as many children who were given additional fiber as placebo. Compliance was excellent in both groups and side effects were few. Although the cause of RAP is poorly understood, it is hypothesized that the beneficial effect of added fiber is due to its effect on shortening transit time, as in IBS.
Prospective study of school injuries: incidence, types, related factors and initial management.
The rates of school injuries were examined by means of a prospective study of 212 schools during the 1981-82 school year. The results showed an annual incidence rate of 5.4 injury events/100 children, which appears to be an underestimate of the actual rate. Of all the injury events 28.7% resulted in serious injuries. Injuries were significantly more frequent in the elementary as opposed to the secondary schools, and the boys were injured significantly more often than the girls. Most of the injuries occurred during athletic activities. Most of the children with either serious or minor injuries were sent to the school office or returned to the classroom, which indicates that the present level of first-aid training among school personnel is inadequate.
Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin in the treatment of anovulatory infertility.
Fifty-one patients with proven anovulatory infertility were treated for four months. For two months each, a dose regimen of 50 mg of clomiphene citrate daily for five days and one of 150 mg daily for five days was prescribed. During one month of each of these two regimens, each patient also received 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin intramuscularly. Thirty-three of the 51 patients ovulated at least once during the four months of treatment; the ovulation rate was 64.7%. Sixteen pregnancies occurred during the treatment, for a pregnancy rate of 31.4%. Human chorionic gonadotropin did not appear to increase the ovulation rate.
B lymphocytes in contact dermatitis.
The expression of immunoglobulin on the membrane of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with contact dermatitis has been investigated using a sensitive rosette technique. The proportion of such cells in these patients is increased compared to normal values. However, the absolute values obtained are very much lower than has been reported from previous studies. The re-evaluation of immunoglobulin expression is discussed against a background of improved methodology and the established finding that individual lymphocytes may express more than one isotype.
Transcultural nursing: the Canadian experience.
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Psoralen photochemotherapy of psoriasis.
The value of PUVA therapy in selected patients with severe psoriasis has been confirmed. Suppression of the disease was incomplete in those patients whose disease was unstable, with associated seborrhoeic dermatitic features. No consistent change in the proportion of epidermal cells in DNA synthesis could be demonstrated during regression of the psoriasis as a result of PUVA therapy.