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Biomedical subjects

C I Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to C I Friedman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of preovulatory peritoneal fluid from cases of endometriosis on murine in vitro fertilization, embryo development, oviduct transport, and implantation.

OBJECTIVE: The null hypothesis of our study is that the success of in vitro and in vivo murine fertilization and embryo development is not decreased by gamete exposure to peritoneal fluid from superovulated patients with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: A murine in vitro fertilization model was used to test the effects of endometriosis versus nonendometriosis peritoneal fluid at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% versus an unsupplemented control. Fertilization and blastocyst formation were compared by analysis of variance. In a second experiment superovulated mice were given intraperitoneal injections of endometriosis or nonendometriosis fluid or saline solution 8 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin and then mated. Some mice were killed 3 days after coitus to assess embryo number, cleavage stage, and uterine versus tubal position by means of analysis of variance and covariance with repeated measures. Others were killed 12 days after coitus with the mean number of implantations per animal between groups compared by Student's t test. RESULTS: In vitro fertilization rates decreased as peritoneal fluid concentration increased in both the endometriosis (65%, 43%, 33%) and nonendometriosis (65%, 52%, 35%) groups at 1%, 5%, and 10% peritoneal fluid concentration, respectively. Mice receiving intraperitoneal endometriosis or nonendometriosis fluid or saline solution injections showed no differences in embryo number, cleavage, uterine versus tubal position, or mean implantation number. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal fluid from superovulated patients had no differentially negative effect when compared with the effect of nonendometriosis peritoneal fluid on murine in vitro or in vivo fertilization and embryo development, tubal embryo transport, or implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Improvement of in vitro fertilization and early embryo development in mice by coculture with human fallopian tube epithelium.

Coculturing one- and two-cell embryos with various cell lines has been shown to overcome species-specific developmental blocks and to improve blastocyst transformation rates. The objective of this study was to assess whether human fallopian tube epithelium organ explants influence in vitro fertilization and subsequent early embryo development in a murine model. Fertilization, blastocyst transformation, and blastocyst expansion and hatching rates were significantly higher in the coculture group when compared with rates for culture in standard media or media conditioned by human tubal explant cultures. The results from conditioned and unconditioned media were not significantly different.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of baseline ovarian cysts on in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer cycles.

The presence of ovarian cysts may compromise the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). We prospectively studied 212 consecutive ovulation induction cycles in 120 patients for IVF and/or GIFT. A baseline cyst was defined as any intraovarian cystic structure greater than or equal to 12 mm noted on ultrasonography before superovulation. Cycle outcomes were compared between patients with cysts (n = 62) versus those with no cysts (n = 150). There were no differences in follicular or luteal phase lengths or amount of human menopausal gonadotropins used. Peak estradiol (E2) levels were significantly lower and cancellation rates significantly higher in the cyst group. For noncanceled cycles, there were no significant differences in peak E2 levels, the mean number of follicles greater than or equal to 12 mm, mature oocytes retrieved, or ova transferred for GIFT or embryos for IVF. The pregnancy rates overall and for noncanceled cycles were not significantly different.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of prolactin on murine in vitro fertilization and embryo development.

Elevated levels of serum and follicular fluid prolactin occur in women undergoing ovulation induction with both clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin therapy. Prolactin's effect on oocyte fertilization and embryo cleavage has not been fully characterized. Using a murine model, we investigated the effect of prolactin on in vitro fertilization and subsequent embryo cleavage in media containing 150, 400, and 600 ng/ml purified mouse prolactin. No difference was found in fertilization rates when compared with control rates. Culture of both in vivo and in vitro fertilized two-cell embryos in murine prolactin at 150, 400, and 600 ng/ml showed no significant difference in blastocyst, morula, or embryo degeneration rates when compared with control rates. An assay for binding of murine prolactin to spermatozoa, oocytes, and the embryo at various cleavage stages revealed no specific murine prolactin binding. These in vitro experimental results fail to show a role for murine prolactin in effecting mature oocyte fertilization or subsequent embryo cleavage. The lack of binding of murine prolactin to the gametes and early developing embryo supports the in vitro findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antisperm antibodies in women undergoing intrauterine insemination.

Intrauterine insemination is widely used for the treatment of infertility as a result of cervical or male factors or empirically before in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer. This study was designed to confirm or refute the theoretical concern that intrauterine insemination may induce antisperm antibodies in such women. Serum and cervical mucus were obtained at the first, fourth, and sixth intrauterine inseminations. The serum was screened by the Immunobead test for IgG and IgA. If screening results were positive (greater than 10% binding), antisperm antibodies were titered by the microimmobilization and microagglutination tests. The Immunobead test was performed on the cervical mucus after liquefication with bromelin. Ninety-three patients were followed up prospectively. Of these, 40 completed six intrauterine insemination cycles and the remaining 53 completed four cycles. Low transient antisperm antibody levels were detected in 10.8% of the patients and would not be expected to affect the prognosis for fertility. It is concluded that intrauterine insemination does not induce significant antisperm antibody production in women.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Atypical luteinizing hormone rise and associated fertilization failure in non-male factor in vitro fertilization patients.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze fertilization failure in non-male factor infertility in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Twenty-five nonfertilized IVF patients were compared with 57 successfully fertilized IVF patients. Patients were matched for age, ovulation-induction protocol, and cycle. The two groups were similar with respect to infertility etiology, peak estradiol, and total oocytes retrieved at laparoscopy. There was a greater incidence of primary infertility (64 versus 49%) and mean years of infertility (5.4 +/- 0.4 versus 4.6 +/- 0.3) in the nonfertilization group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Most important, the nonfertilization patients had a greater incidence of an atypical LH rise prior to hCG administration (60 versus 18%; P less than .001) and fewer mature oocytes (2.0 +/- 0.3 verus 3.4 +/- 0.3; P less than .01). Stepwise linear regression analysis yielded four primary factors for predicting fertilization failure: infertility duration, primary infertility, number of mature oocytes, and presence of LH rise. These findings help characterize several potential factors other than oligozoospermia that are associated with nonfertilization, and support LH monitoring in IVF and gamete intrafallopian tube transport patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of relaxin on the fertilization capacity of human spermatozoa.

Relaxin, a polypeptide hormone found in human seminal plasma, exerted favorable effects on the function of spermatozoa. This study was designed to investigate the effect of this hormone on the fertilization capacity of human spermatozoa from 10 oligospermic men (group A), 11 asthenospermic men (group B), 10 normospermic infertile men (group C), and 10 men with verified fertility (group D). We compared the effects of purified porcine relaxin at different concentrations (0, 50, and 150 ng/ml). Parameters include motility, hypoosmolar swelling test, and zona-free hamster egg penetration test. In group A and group B, relaxin increased the results of the hamster egg penetration test and motility. In group C, results of the hamster egg penetration test and motility improved only at the concentration of 50 ng/ml. In group D, relaxin increased the results of the hamster egg penetration test only at a concentration of 150 ng/ml. Results of the hypoosmolar swelling test were not consistently altered in any study group. Relaxin appears to enhance the fertilization capacity and motility of human spermatozoa in oligospermic and asthenospermic subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effects of progesterone antagonist RU 486 on mouse oocyte maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and cleavage.

The antiprogesterone RU 486 was utilized to evaluate the possible role of progesterone in ovum maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and embryo cleavage. After gonadotropin treatment, CD-1 mice received the following experimental agents: group 1, an oil vehicle; group 2, 1 mg progesterone; group 3, 1 mg antiprogesterone (RU 486); group 4, 1 mg RU 486 and 1 mg dexamethasone. Each group of animals was injected simultaneously for 2 days (concomitant with human chorionic gonadotropin and the day after coitus). Ova or embryos were obtained on day 1, 2, 3, or 4 after human chorionic gonadotropin by flushing uteri and tubes. No differences were apparent in number of oocytes ovulated, ovum maturation, or number of oocytes progressing to two-cell embryos. However, on day 3 a marked reduction in embryos retrieved from the oviduct and uterus was apparent in the RU 486-treated groups (group 1, 84; group 3.0; group 4, 17) (p less than 0.001). In addition, few cleavage stage embryos were recovered on day 4 in the RU 486-treated groups (group 1, 74; group 2, 70; group 3, 2; group 4, 0) (p less than 0.0001). Freshly ovulated cumulus masses were recovered from the oviducts on day 4 in groups 3 and 4 (coincident with resumption of the estrous cycle). In conclusion, periovulatory RU 486 injections had no effect on nuclear maturation, ovulation, fertilization, or first cleavage division. Progesterone may not have an obligatory role in these processes. However, RU 486 administration did result in a reduced number of embryos retrieved on days 3 and 4 because of either early expulsion or destruction of the embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

In vitro fertilization with concurrent pelvic reconstructive surgery.

The recent advent of ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration by various approaches now allows access to ovaries previously deemed inaccessible by laparoscopy; however, a small group of candidates for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) require laparotomy for associated gynecologic disorders. Twenty-five IVF-ET cycles at the time of laparotomy were compared with 309 IVF-ET cycles in which oocytes were retrieved laparoscopically. Five pregnancies occurred in the IVF-ET cycle with laparotomy and one pregnancy occurred spontaneously following microsurgical tubal reconstruction. The pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 25% in the laparotomy IVF-ET patients compared with 15.4% for the laparoscopy IVF-ET group. Obvious advantages of combining IVF-ET and pelvic reconstructive surgery include a single anesthesia exposure and economic benefits. Patients with a long history of infertility undergoing tubal reconstructive surgery may be offered combined IVF-ET. Extended anesthesia exposure with pelvic surgery demonstrated no adverse effects on the pregnancy rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Microsurgical fallopian tube transposition with subsequent term pregnancy.

A case is described in which a patient with a non-communicating left unicornuate uterus and surgically absent left tube and ovary delivered at term after a microsurgical anastomosis of the right fallopian tube and left cornua. Pregnancy rates with this type of procedure have been reported to be comparable to ipsilateral tubal anastomosis. Tubal transposition should be considered as an alternative option to IVF-ET in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Non-neuromuscular determinants of intraluminal urethral pressure in the female baboon: relative importance of vascular and nonvascular factors.

The female urethral sphincteric mechanism has both neuromuscular and non-neuromuscular components. The latter component has several determinants, including the urethral mucosa, the connective tissue of the urethra and periurethra, and the submucosal vascular bed. This study was designed to characterize the non-neuromuscular component of the urethral pressure profile (UPP) by quantitating the relative contributions of its vascular and non-vascular determinants in four female baboons. Following minimization of the smooth muscle and striated muscle determinants (the neuromuscular component) with halothane and pancuronium bromide, UPPs were performed before and after aortic occlusion. It is concluded that vascular and non-vascular factors contribute nearly equally to the non-neuromuscularly generated portion of intraluminal urethral pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Class I-like MHC molecules expressed by baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast.

Human placental villous trophoblast is known to be unreactive with W6/32 and other monoclonal antibodies recognizing monomorphic determinants of human class I MHC heavy chains, whereas extravillous cytotrophoblast in the placental bed is W6/32-reactive by immunohistology. We have now demonstrated, in contrast, that syncytiotrophoblast is the only cellular component of baboon early placental villous tissue which is reactive with any of these antibodies. Radioimmunoprecipitation of detergent-solubilized baboon placental membrane preparations, and subsequent SDS-PAGE, has shown the W6/32-reactive component to have an m.w. of 41,000 and to be associated with beta 2-microglobulin, whereas baboon peripheral lymphocytes express 45,000 m.w. W6/32-reactive antigens comparable with the HLA-A,B,C heavy chains of human lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Local peritoneal factors: their role in infertility associated with endometriosis.

In order to detect peritoneal abnormalities that could account for infertility associated with endometriosis, 122 infertile individuals were studied at the time of laparoscopy for diagnostic purposes or for in vitro fertilization. Four groups were defined: group 1, laparoscopy without endometriosis; group 2, laparoscopy with endometriosis; group 3, in vitro fertilization without endometriosis; and group 4, in vitro fertilization with endometriosis. Mean peritoneal fluid volume was greater, although not significantly so, in group 4 (29.0 +/- 6.6 ml, mean +/- SEM) than in group 3 (18.2 +/- 2 ml). The concentration and total number of pelvic macrophages were similar for groups 1 and 2. The total number of pelvic macrophages was increased in group 4 (16.9 +/- 4.2 x 10(6)) versus group 3 (10.0 +/- 1.8 x 10(6)) (p = 0.08). The mean sperm phagocytosis in vitro did not differ among the four groups studied. Interleukin 1 activity within the peritoneal fluid and the in vitro interleukin 1 production rate did not differ between individuals with and without endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid and macrophage supernatants from individuals with endometriosis were not embryotoxic when studied in an in vitro mouse embryo system.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Adnexal torsion as a complication of superovulation for ovum retrieval.

Adnexal torsion has not been reported previously following hMG/hCG for superovulation induction during an IVF cycle. It is clear that the enlarged ovary from the superstimulation cycle and coital activity contributed to the torsion in this case. Portable ultrasonography helped in making the diagnosis and may be an aid for diagnosis in future cases. Medications used for ovulation induction should be used cautiously and judiciously with close monitoring. Clinicians involved with this type of therapy are obligated to keep a constant watch for such infrequent but devastating complications.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Follicular stimulation for in vitro fertilization using pituitary suppression and human menopausal gonadotropins.

Multiple follicular stimulation is a prerequisite to the efficient use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). For some individuals, however, this stimulation may be difficult using standard superovulation protocols because of dominant follicle formation, suboptimal estradiol response, or premature luteinizing hormone surge. A group of such individuals with several previous failed attempts at superovulation were studied. Follicular stimulation was accomplished using a long-acting agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for pituitary suppression followed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for follicular stimulation. Fourteen cycles (12 IVF, 2 GIFT) were completed in 12 individuals. There were no cycle cancellations. Mean number of prior cycle cancellations per patient was 3.1 +/- 0.4. Mean number of mature oocytes recovered was 3.9 +/- 0.5. Two pregnancies resulted. Pituitary suppression with a long-acting agonist of GnRH followed by hMG appears to be an effective adjunct to current superovulation regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: treatment-dependent versus -independent pregnancies.

In order to determine the true incidence of treatment-dependent versus -independent pregnancy in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, 274 women who underwent 492 cycles of superovulation were studied. Overall, the treatment-dependent pregnancy rate was 15%. The treatment-independent pregnancy rate was 6.6%. When a subgroup of individuals with at least one patent fallopian tube was selected for analysis, the treatment-dependent and -independent pregnancy rates were 13.9% and 11.9%, respectively. While the mean observation interval following an attempt at IVF was 2 years, 83.3% of all treatment-independent pregnancies occurred within 6 months after a trial of IVF-ET (embryo transfer). Patient characteristics that predispose to treatment-independent pregnancy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Familial acanthosis nigricans. A longitudinal study.

The triad of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is known to have a familial tendency. In order to better understand the natural history and possible treatment of this disorder, we studied the clinical course of two families in which all female progeny were affected. A rapid progression of the HAIR-AN syndrome was apparent during the peripubertal period and early reproductive years. Beyond this period, the progression of HAIR-AN appeared quite variable. Rapid weight gain was a major stimulant for increasing insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. In the one subject with a postmenarcheal onset of the syndrome, prolonged weight reduction was associated with an improvement in the dermatologic manifestation as well as in the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Oral contraceptives appear to improve the dermatologic symptoms of the HAIR-AN syndrome.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗