Effective lipid lowering diets including lean meat.
The plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to two modified isoenergetic diets including meat were studied in 15 free living men with hyperlipidaemia (mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations 8.1 and 3.4 mmol/l). A reference diet (diet A, 42% energy from fat, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) 0.2) was compared with a fat reduced diet (diet B, 35% energy from fat, P:S ratio 0.5) and with a further fat modified diet supplemented with fibre (diet C, 27% energy from fat, P:S ratio 1.0). Daily intake of meat and meat products (180 g/day) was the same in each dietary period; that in diet A had a fat content typical of the average British diet, whereas that in diets B and C was based on very lean meat and meat products. During consumption of diet B the plasma cholesterol concentration fell by 8.6% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 11%. During consumption of diet C plasma cholesterol fell by 18.5% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 23.8%. Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and body weight did not change appreciably during the study. A modified diet including a moderate amount of lean meat and meat products is compatible with a reduced lipoprotein mediated risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.