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Biomedical subjects

C Infante-Rivard

Publications and source records attributed to C Infante-Rivard.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of indocyanine green and lidocaine kinetics for survival and chronic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients following elective end-to-side portacaval shunt.

The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of spontaneous portosystemic shunting and liver function for survival and spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy after end-to-side portacaval shunt in cirrhotic patients. One hundred ninety-eight patients with variceal hemorrhage as shown by endoscopy were evaluated. Forty-five were excluded because of uncontrollable hemorrhage; 84 were rejected because they were poor operative risk, had portal vein thrombosis or had been previously treated with beta-blockers, sclerotherapy or surgery. The remaining 69 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. There were 43 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 23 with cryptogenic cirrhosis and three with primary biliary cirrhosis. The severity of liver disease was assessed according to the Pugh classification: 37 patients (54%) had Pugh's score 5 to 7, 26 (38%) had 8 to 10 and six (8%) had 11 to 12. Indocyanine green intrinsic clearance was used as a probe of preoperative liver function and lidocaine systemic availability as an index of spontaneous preoperative shunting. All the patients underwent an elective end-to-side portacaval shunt. The length of minimal follow-up was 40 months. One-year survival was 76% and 5-year survival was 46%. During follow-up, 25 patients died from their liver disease and 11 patients died from various causes unrelated to their liver disease. Spontaneous chronic encephalopathy occurred in 16 patients (23%). Age, Pugh's score, active alcoholism, indocyanine green intrinsic clearance and lidocaine systemic availability were tested as prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung cancer mortality and silicosis in Québec, 1938-85.

Men who had received compensation for silicosis in Québec between 1938 and 1985 were studied up to the end of 1986 to estimate risk of lung cancer mortality. Particular attention was paid to selection biases inherent in the study of such workers. Age-specific and calendar-year-specific mortality rates of Québec men from 1931 to 1985 were used for comparison. Risk of death from lung cancer in men who had received compensation for silicosis was more than 3 times higher than expected; silicosis may be a strong risk factor for lung cancer mortality.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Response level of controls selected from the municipal registry].

The results related to the controls response rate in a case-control study are presented. The study was designed to learn about the relationship between the occupational exposure to toxic products in the parents and the development of acute leukemia in childhood. 128 cases were enrolled in the study and each case was matched by sex and age (less than 15 years) to a control. Controls were selected from the Municipal roll of the same city or town in which the case has been living during the diagnosis. We contacted the control's mother by phone or by personal visit. The response rate was 47.9% and near to a half of non responses was due to errors in the addresses registered in the Municipal roll. The validity of this source of controls in Spain can be questioned in the light of the high percentage of errors. We also discuss the potential selection bias introduced in the study due to the way we selected controls.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure to formaldehyde among animal health students.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the exposure to formaldehyde in 2 groups each with 18 students in animal health technology from two different training centers (TC) during a 3-hour weekly laboratory session in biology. Personal sampling during the session was done with passive bubblers for formaldehyde. The analysis of formaldehyde was done by visible absorption spectrometry according to NIOSH method 3500. The students in TC 1 were exposed to formaldehyde levels ranging from less than 0.11 to 0.76 mg/m3 with an average at 0.25 mg/m3 during the 3-hour biology laboratory. The students in TC 2 were exposed to higher concentrations of formaldehyde ranging from 0.26 to 1.2 mg/m3 with an average at 0.632 mg/m3. The results of the survey indicate that the students in both centers were exposed to a notable amount of formaldehyde vapor, at a level that is above the threshold limit value.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk of low birthweight and prematurity among foreign-born mothers.

Data collected during postnatal visits were used to study the risk of low birthweight (LBW) and prematurity among foreign-born mothers and mothers born in Canada. 2,913 singleton live births were included in the analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LBW and prematurity were estimated using a logistic regression model. Foreign-born mothers did not have a higher risk of LBW or prematurity as compared to native-born mothers (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5; OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7-1.4, respectively). For both LBW and prematurity, women in the intermediate category of length of stay (1-3 years) had a somewhat lower risk and women with the shortest length of stay (less than one year) had a slightly higher risk than women with the longest length of stay (more than 3 years). However, none of these results was statistically significant. Results of this study suggest that foreign-born mothers do not have a higher risk than Canadian-born mothers of bearing a LBW or premature infant. This finding differs from the widespread perception that immigrant mothers are at high risk for adverse birth outcomes.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The municipal register as a source of controls].

One of the main problems in selecting a control group in community based case-control studies is the availability of an appropriate source of the same geographical area. In Spain, the Municipal roll consists on a list of inhabitants being a potential source to obtain representative samples of general population. The structure of the Municipal roll is described with its contents in districts and census tracts. The strategy of the Municipal roll utilization in performing a childhood leukemia case-control study is also described. Its limitations are compared with those founded in the methods used currently in other countries like random digit dialing and birth certificates. Finally and given the current structure of the spanish Municipal roll, we discuss the usefulness of different approaches to obtain a random sample from this source and the problems which arose from using a method of matching by municipality, which is a cheap and quick procedure.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before and during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if caffeine intake before and during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for fetal loss. DESIGN: Incidence-density case-control study. SETTING: University-affiliated obstetric and pediatric hospital in Montréal, Québec. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 331 women with fetal loss and 993 controls with a normal pregnancy at the same period of pregnancy as the case. OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for fetal loss were estimated using conditional logistic regression. A trend test for increasing caffeine intake was also used. RESULTS: Caffeine intake was divided into quartiles; the baseline for comparison was less than 48 mg per day. The adjusted ORs for fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before pregnancy were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.95) for 48 to 162 mg; 1.37 (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.04) for 163 to 321 mg; and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.89) for more than 321 mg. The same comparisons were made for caffeine intake during pregnancy, and the respective adjusted ORs were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.63), 1.95 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.93), and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.38 to 5.01). After controlling for confounding factors, there was a strong association of caffeine intake during pregnancy and fetal loss, compatible with a linear trend on the logistic scale in which ORs increased by a factor of 1.22 (1.10 to 1.34) for each 100 mg of caffeine ingested daily during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine intake before and during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal loss, supporting the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation to pregnant women, largely based on animal studies, to reduce their caffeine intake.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗