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Biomedical subjects

C J Davies

Publications and source records attributed to C J Davies.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of bovine MHC class II polymorphism using three typing methods: serology, RFLP and IEF.

Various methods, with different strengths and weaknesses, are currently used to define polymorphism of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. A more complete characterization of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) haplotypes can be achieved by combining several of these methods. In this study BoLA class II polymorphism was characterized using three typing methods: serology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Twenty six Holstein-Friesian and 15 Angus cattle that carried an array of serologically defined BoLA haplotypes were selected for the study. The panel included 12 BoLA complex homozygotes. The three class II typing methods recognized polymorphism associated with the same or very tightly linked genes in the DQ-DR class II subregion. In total 25 BoLA-A locus (class I)--DQ-DR subregion (class II) haplotypes were defined. Three of the serological class II specificities, Dx1, Dx3, and Dx4, were associated with more than one RFLP defined DQ-DR haplotype. The other 4 class II specificities behaved as private specificities. One BoLA haplotype was found in both Holstein and Angus cattle. Two other BoLA haplotypes defined here have previously been described in other breeds. This suggests that these haplotypes exist in strong linkage disequilibrium.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Relationship between oestrogen-receptor content and histological grade in human primary breast tumours.

A series of 300 patients presenting consecutively with primary operable breast cancer has been studied. A significant correlation was found between oestrogen-receptor (ER) content and histological grade: the better-differentiated tumours rarely lacked receptor. This correlation was significant only in women defined as post-menopausal. Data on early recurrence of disease indicate a worse prognosis for women in whom primary tumours are ER-.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of the use of the "Tru-Cut" needle and fine needle aspiration cytology in the pre-operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast.

Two methods of obtaining a pre-operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast are compared. Tru-Cut needle biopsy was carried out on 368 consecutive patients with palpable breast lumps, and both Tru-Cut biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology were performed during part of this study on 163 of the patients. A final histological diagnosis was obtained in each patient, at excision biopsy or mastectomy. There were 278 patients with carcinoma and 90 with benign breast disease. A correct positive diagnosis of carcinoma was made by the Tru-Cut method in 73.5% of cases, but in only 52% of cases by aspiration cytology. More importantly, there were no false positive diagnoses of carcinoma with Tru-Cut biopsy, but five cases of benign breast disease were incorrectly diagnosed as carcinoma by aspiration cytology. It is concluded that Tru-Cut biopsy is sufficiently reliable to be able to proceed direct to mastectomy following a positive diagnosis of carcinoma, in distinction to aspiration cytology with which an unacceptably high number of false positives occurs. The benefits of a pre-operative Tru-Cut biopsy diagnosis are identified.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

Staging breast cancer: role of bone scanning.

Bone scans using technetium-99m phosphate complexes and a rectilinear scanner were carried out on 192 women with primary operable breast cancer four to six weeks after operation. The lymph node status of all these patients was assessed histologically from triple node biopsy specimens. Only nine patients had positive scans, although 94 patients had histological evidence that the tumour had already spread beyond the confines of the breast. Bone scanning, although accurate as a prognostic guide, is helpful only in a very few cases, and serves mainly to confirm prognostic information obtained more simply and less extensively by histological examination of lymph node biopsy specimens.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Circulating immune complexes in patients with breast cancer.

In a retrospective study in women with breast cancer circulating immune complex levels were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation with 125I-Clq. Before operation all the patients showed plasma immune complex levels significantly higher than those in controls. Twelve months after mastectomy patients identified clinicopathologically as having a good prognosis had almost normal levels of immune complexes. By contrast, patients with detectable dissemination on diagnosis or those who died within 22 months after mastectomy had significantly raised plasma levels. The tumour-specific nature of the immune complexes detected remains to be shown and suggestions about the applicability of this test not only for prognosis but also for monitoring the course of malignant diseases need to be confirmed by further investigations.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

Preoperative diagnosis in carcinoma of the breast.

Two methods of obtaining a preoperative diagnosis of breast lumps have been evaluated by simultaneous use on 131 patients. Tru-Cut needle biopsies gave a reliable diagnosis in 75 per cent of those suffering from primary carcinoma of the breast. No cases of benign disease were wrongly reported as carcinoma by this method. Fine-needle aspiration cytology gave no helpful information in one-half of the patients with malignant disease and in addition 5 cases of benign disease were falsely reported as carcinoma. Tru-Cut needle biopsy is a valuable preoperative investigation in patients with primary carcinoma of the breast.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1976

The effect of insulin on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate concentrations in human plasma.

1. The action of insulin on plasma cyclic nucleotide concentrations in normal human subjects has been studied after intravenous injection, alone and in combination with glucagon. 2. After injection of insulin alone there was an initial small, though not significant, decrease in plasma cyclic AMP at 15 min followed by an increase to more than twice the initial concentration at 30 min. The increase was absent when hypoglycaemia was lessened by infusion of glucose after insulin injection. 3. Injection of insulin caused no significant change in plasma cyclic GMP concentration, whether or not glucose was infused after the hormone. 4. Glucagon (3-300 nmol, 10-1000 mug), caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma cyclic AMP concentration. The rise in plasma cyclic AMP produced by 3 or 30 nmol of glucagon was not significantly modified by simultaneous injection of insulin (44 nmol; 6 units).

Adult↗