Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C J Garratt.
Membranes from adipocytes of adult and young rats have been compared. Phospholipid fatty acids from adult rats were more saturated than those from young rats. This difference was associated with a decreased fluidity in the membranes of the adult rats, which was inferred from measurements of fluorescence polarisation of the fluorescent probe, 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene.
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A retrospective analysis has been made of patients who had been classified (on the basis of measurements of serum thyroxine and thyroid hormone uptake test) as equivocal thyrotoxic (273 patients) or as equivocal hypothyroid (352 patients). The final diagnosis of these patients has been traced from their medical records. The results illustrate that control groups of euthyroid, thyrotoxic, and primary hypothyroid subjects differ from these equivocal groups. The populations initially classified as equivocal have been used to redefine the combinations of values obtained in the serum thyroxine and thyroid hormone uptake test which must be classed as equivocal. Using this redefinition, it is shown that a number of additional tests had been carried out when it could now be predicted with confidence that no useful new information would be obtained. The procedure described is not limited to tests of thyroid function and could easily be applied in most laboratories to redefine the ranges of results classified as equivocal.
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The total cost of performing diagnostic tests in a hospital laboratory during one year was assessed. The largest single item of expenditure was the cost of the salaries of the technical staff, while the cost of reagents (including radiopharmaceuticals) was relatively small. The total costs of carrying out diagnostic tests are much higher than is often recognised by those who request them. The use of relatively expensive, commercially available assay kits saves time and gives good value for money. It may be worth taking this into account when planning hospital budgets.
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Insulin dissolved in aqueous or methanolic buffer was iodinated to give preparations containing an average of between one and five iodine atoms per insulin monomer. The resultant preparations were fragmented in various ways and the ratio of tyrosine to monoiodotyrosine and di-iodotyrosine was determined in each fragment. This has allowed the distribution of iodine between the combined A-chain tyrosine residues and the individual B-chain tyrosine residues to be determined. The hormonal activity of each of these iodinated insulin preparations was measured from their effect on the production of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]glucose by isolated adipose cells. The results were interpreted as meaning that the iodination of tyrosine residue A19 or B16 leads to the inactivation of insulin. Speculations are made about the nature of an interaction between insulin and a receptor site on the target tissue.
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