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Biomedical subjects

C J Graf

Publications and source records attributed to C J Graf.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Catecholamine response to intracranial hypertension.

Pulmonary congestion, hemorrhage, and edema, produced in the experimental animal by various methods of disturbing the central nervous system, have led to the concept that such neurogenically-initiated changes are mediated through the autonomic nervous system. Blocking the sympathetic nervous mechanisms prevents these changes. Little is found concerning the expected role of catecholamines. In this study, using a standard model of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), intense cardiovascular changes, with blood pressure rising above 320 mm Hg and heart rate of 180 beats per minute, were noted. Within seconds, plasma catecholamine levels rose as much as 1200 times the highest normal values for epinephrine, 145 times for norepinephrine, and 35 times for dopamine. These changes occurred only when raised ICP was sustained and spatial compensation of the brain was exceeded. It is not unlikely that these events are related not only to increased ICP, but also to the effects of physical distortion of the brain stem with structural, functional, and vascular alterations within it.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Spinal cord abscess: a review.

The literature on abscesses in the spinal cord has been reviewed. A total of 54 cases was reported. A digest is made of information on the subject including the diagnosis, pathology, treatment and the results to be expected. The best results have been achieved by operation plus antibiotic therapy. It is essential that the abscess be drained after aspiration. A case of ours showing the salient features and management of a subacute cervical spinal cord abscess is also reported.

Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Physiological and pathological effects of neurologic disturbances and increased intracranial pressure on the lung. A review.

The literature concerning the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of increased intracranial pressure has been reviewed. There have been many conflicting reports leading to diametrically opposed views. Those reports dealing with the physiologic and pathologic changes in the lung are confusing and inconclusive. Differences in the results of the investigations are related to the differences in the experimental methods and species' differences. The conclusions that were drawn concerning the mechanisms of the pulmonary changes associated with increased intracranial pressure are speculative. The problem requires reexamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary edema and the central nervous system: a clinico-pathological study.

Pulmonary edema is reported in central nervous system disorders, especially trauma. With head injury, a common associated factor is said to be raised intracranial pressure. Among more than 2,100 patients with serious head injuries and 132 serious cervical spinal cord and/or cervical spinal column injuries, only two clear examples of pulmonary edema that might be considered related solely to such injury were found. Another group of patients with non-traumatic central nervous system disorders in whom pulmonary edema developed was also analyzed. In any case, conclusive pathophysiologic explanations for its production are difficult to find. We believe pulmonary edema occurs only rarely in patients with lesions of the central nervous system whether of traumatic or non-traumatic nature and that the mechanism of its production is not clear.

Adolescent↗