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Biomedical subjects

C J Henry

Publications and source records attributed to C J Henry.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Primary hyperaldosteronism in a dog with concurrent lymphoma.

An 11-year-old, male castrated English springer spaniel was presented for muscle weakness, lethargy and anorexia while undergoing treatment of Stage IV lymphoma. Persistent hypokalemia prompted multiple diagnostic tests. Serum aldosterone levels, surgical exploration and histopathology confirmed primary hyperaldosteronism. Hyperaldosteronism is a rarely reported endocrinopathy in the dog. This report describes a case in which immunohistochemistry was utilized to confirm the diagnosis of an aldosterone-secreting tumour.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Brimonidine 0.2% vs unoprostone 0.15% both added to timolol maleate 0.5% given twice daily to patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% vs unoprostone 0.15%, both added to timolol maleate 0.5% each given twice daily. METHODS: In this prospective, multi-centred, double-masked, crossover comparison, patients were randomized to one treatment group for a 6-week treatment period, and then crossed over to the opposite treatment. Measurements were performed at 0800, 1000, 1600, 1800, and 2000 h at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: In all, 33 patients entered this trial and 29 completed. The baseline trough intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.3+/-2.4 and the diurnal curve IOP was 22.0+/-1.3 mmHg. For the brimonidine and timolol maleate treatment group, the trough IOP was 21.6+/-3.3 and the diurnal curve IOP was 19.8+/-2.1 mmHg, while the timolol and unoprostone treatment showed a trough IOP of 20.9+/-3.8 and a diurnal curve IOP of 19.3+/-2.4 mmHg. There was no significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for the diurnal curve, or in the reduction from baseline (P>0.05). Both treatments failed to statistically reduce the IOP from baseline at 1800 h. There was no difference between treatment groups regarding ocular and systemic unsolicited adverse events, but patients admitted to more dryness (P=0.02) and burning upon instillation (P<0.0001) with unoprostone by survey. CONCLUSION: Brimonidine 0.2% or unoprostone 0.15% added to timolol maleate 0.5% provide similar efficacy and safety throughout the daytime diurnal curve.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

Association between cancer chemotherapy and canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between cancer chemotherapy and serum canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 21 client-owned dogs with various malignancies and 16 client-owned dogs with lymphoma. PROCEDURE: In study A, serum antibody titers were measured by use of hemagglutination inhibition (CPV titers) or serum neutralization (CDV titers) before and at least 1 month after initiation of chemotherapy. Baseline values were compared with values obtained from a control population of 122 healthy dogs seen for routine revaccination. Titers were considered protective at > or = 1:96 for CDV and > or = 1:80 for CPV. In study B, serum IgG titers were measured by use of immunofluorescent assay (CDV and CPV titers) and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT, rabies titers) at baseline and again at weeks 5, 8, and 24 of a standard chemotherapy protocol for treatment of lymphoma. An IgG titer of > or = 1:50 was considered protective for CPV and CDV. An RFFIT titer of > or = 0.5 U/ml was considered protective for rabies virus. RESULTS: Significant changes were not detected in CDV, CPV, and rabies virus titers following chemotherapy in tumor-bearing dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that established immunity to CDV, CPV, and rabies virus from previous vaccination is not significantly compromised by standard chemotherapy used to treat tumor-bearing dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of a self-administered quantitative food amount frequency questionnaire with 4-day estimated food records.

Our objective was to assess the relative validity of a self-administered food amount frequency questionnaire (FAQ), using 4-day estimated food records (FRs) as a reference method, for use in a subsequent clinical study of patients undergoing heart surgery. Thirty healthy subjects (19 males, 11 females), aged 45-75 years, were randomly recruited from patient lists generated by two local GP practices in Oxford. Complete data from the FAQ and FR, administered twice 6 months apart, were available for 25 subjects (16 males, 9 females). For absolute nutrient values, intakes of protein, CHO, total fat, PUFA, thiamin, iron, dietary fibre and alcohol were not significantly different between the FAQ and FR, and Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.28 for protein to 0.88 for total fat. Estimates from the FAQ were within +/- 10% of the estimates produced by the FR for two-thirds of nutrients. When nutrients were expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, no statistically significant differences were observed for any nutrient between the two methods, and correlations ranged from 0.32 for protein to 0.80 for SFA. In conclusion, the broad dietary patterns obtained by the two methods of assessment were comparable. This simple and inexpensive FAQ can be used to usefully estimate group intakes for a variety of nutrients in the study of patients undergoing heart surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of the effects of supplemental red palm oil and sunflower oil on maternal vitamin A status.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting results have been reported on the ability of dietary carotenoids to improve vitamin A status in lactating women. Red palm oil is one of the richest dietary sources of beta-carotene. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the efficacy of red palm oil in increasing retinol and provitamin A status in pregnant and lactating women. DESIGN: Ninety rural, pregnant Tanzanian women from 3 randomly selected villages were recruited during their third trimester to participate in 3 dietary intervention groups: a control group, who were encouraged to maintain the traditional practice of eating staples with dark-green leafy vegetables, and 2 study groups, who were given either sunflower or red palm oil for use in household food preparations. The intervention lasted 6 mo. Plasma samples were collected at the third trimester and 1 and 3 mo postpartum, and breast-milk samples were collected 1 and 3 mo postpartum. RESULTS: Supplementation with red palm oil, which is rich in provitamin A, increased alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations significantly (P < 0.001) in both plasma and breast milk. Plasma retinol concentrations were similar in all dietary groups. Breast-milk retinol concentrations tended to decrease from 1 to 3 mo postpartum in the control group, but were maintained in both oil groups. The difference in change in breast-milk retinol concentration between the red palm oil group and the control group was significant (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of red palm oil increases concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene in both breast milk and serum and maintains breast-milk retinol concentrations. Sunflower oil consumption seems to conserve breast-milk retinol similarly to consumption of red palm oil. Breast-milk retinol might be maintained through increased dietary intake of these vegetable oils and use of mild cooking preparation methods (such as the addition of oil at the end of cooking and avoidance of frying).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing.

A considerable number of physiological functions are known to show a gradual decline with increasing age. However, the effects of ageing differ widely between organ systems. It is believed that basal metabolic rate (BMR) falls dramatically with age. These observations, largely based on cross-sectional surveys, are discussed in light of our present understanding of the biology of ageing. This paper reviews both the longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of BMR and presents evidence that the fall in BMR with ageing may be less dramatic than previously perceived. Indeed, some subjects may show an increase in BMR with ageing. The mechanism of changes in BMR during ageing will be discussed. Organ weight changes appear to have a profound impact on BMR. The use of BMR to predict total energy expenditure in the 'old elderly' (>75 y) is unlikely to be of any practical use due to wide intra- and inter-individual variation in BMR. This wide intra- and inter-individual variation in BMR is due to illness, disease and other metabolic disorders seen in the elderly. Finally, the importance of measuring BMR in elderly populations for its use in clinical medicine will be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Feline non-ocular melanoma: a retrospective study of 23 cases (1991-1999).

Non-ocular melanoma is considered to be a rare neoplasm in cats; however, more than 150 cases have been reported in the literature since 1961. The objective of this study was to characterise this tumour better by evaluating case outcome and survival data for cats with melanoma and to compare clinical and histopathological findings with those of previous reports. Twenty-three feline non-ocular melanomas were identified, the most common locations being the nose, digit and pinna. Cats with digital melanomas had survival rates similar to their canine counterparts. Histological assignation of benignity, malignancy or junctional activity was not found to be an accurate predictor of clinical behaviour. Melanoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cats presenting with pigmented or non-pigmented masses and histopathology is essential for definitive diagnosis, as other tumours may clinically appear quite similar. Regular follow-up examinations are recommended indefinitely for benign or malignant feline melanomas.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Dietary change, energy balance and body weight regulation among migrating students.

This study was conducted to examine how subjects modulate their food intake and energy balance when they migrate from a low energy density food intake pattern to one of high energy density. It was hypothesised that an increase in the energy density of food consumed would result in increased body weight of the migrating subjects unless food intake and energy balance could be modulated. Food selection, food intake, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and anthropometric measurements were made on 53 female and 56 male newly arrived overseas students. All subjects were from Malaysia, but the data was collected at Oxford Brookes University where the subjects were studying. Food intake using 3-day food diaries and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). BMR and anthropometric measurements including body weight were measured on arrival in the UK and after 3 and 6 months' stay. Student's t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the data. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the energy density of the foods consumed in Malaysia and after 3 and 6 months in the UK. There was also a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in protein consumed. However, there were no differences in total energy intake. From results of the FFQs, differences were found in food selection due mainly to the lack of availability of certain foods in UK supermarkets. No significant differences were found in the BMR and anthropometric measurements made at the start of the study and later assessments. It appears that Malaysian students are able to remain in energy balance and are weight stable at least during the first 6 months of residence in the UK, despite the wider choice of energy dense food available. This suggests that at least in the short term, subjects are able to modulate their food intake in response to changes in the energy densities and free choice of food.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Differences in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism between lean and obese subjects undergoing total starvation.

Despite extensive experimental studies on total starvation, many of the findings relating to protein, fat (plus ketone body), and carbohydrate metabolism remain confusing, although they become more consistent when considered in relation to the degree of initial obesity. During prolonged starvation, protein loss and percent energy derived from protein oxidation are 2- to 3-fold less in the obese than in the lean; percent urine N excreted as urea is 2-fold less in the obese; and the contribution of protein to net glucose production is only about half in the obese compared to lean subjects. During short-term starvation (first few days) the following differences are reported: hyperketonaemia is typically 2-fold greater in lean subjects, but associated with a 2-fold lower uptake of ketone bodies by forearm muscle; glucose tolerance becomes impaired more in lean subjects; and both protein turnover and leucine oxidation increase in the lean, but may show no significant change in the obese. It is no longer acceptable to describe the metabolic response to starvation as a single typical response. The differences between lean and obese subjects have important physiological implications, some of which are of obvious relevance to survival.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1999

Primary renal tumours in cats: 19 cases (1992-1998).

A search from databases of four veterinary colleges and one private referral practice between January 1992 and April 1998 provided 20 cases diagnosed with primary renal neoplasia. Review of these cases revealed 19 primary renal tumours, excluding lymphoma. Of the 20 histologically reviewed cases, the diagnosis was amended in eight. There were 13 renal carcinomas (11 tubular and two tubulopapillary), three transitional cell carcinomas, one malignant nephroblastoma, one haemangiosarcoma and one adenoma. The haemangiosarcoma is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of this tumour type as a primary renal tumour in the cat. Most cats were presented for non-specific clinical signs such as anorexia and weight loss. One cat presented with tumour-associated polycythaemia which has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. The metastatic rate for cats with complete staging was 64%, and 100% for transitional cell carcinomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

New equations to estimate basal metabolic rate in children aged 10-15 years.

OBJECTIVE: To develop new equations for the estimation of basal metabolic rate in children aged 10-15 years, and to evaluate the impact of including pubertal stage into the equations. DESIGN: Mixed longitudinal. SETTING: The children were recruited from schools in Oxford, and the measurements were made in the schools. SUBJECTS: 195 school children, aged 10-15 years, were recruited in three cohorts. The gender distribution of the subjects was 40% boys and 60% girls. METHODS: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured, by indirect calorimetry, at 6-monthly intervals for 3 years. Anthropometric data, height, weight, body breadths and skinfold measurements (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf) were collected on each occasion. Fat and fat-free mass was calculated from the skinfold measurements. Pubertal development was also assessed on annually by paediatricians. Pubic hair (PH) and gonad (G) development was assessed in boys and breast (B) development in girls. The girls were questioned about menarche. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop and assess new formulae for BMR that also incorporate pubertal development. RESULTS: The mean BMR measured was 5.754 (s.d. 0.933) MJ/day (138 (s.d. 22) kJ/kg body wt/day) in the boys (n = 351) and 5.476 (s.d. 0.725) MJ/day (121 (s.d. 20) kJ/kg body wt/day) in the girls (n = 554). Weight was the most important factor in developing the regression equations for the calculation of BMR in both sexes (R2 = 0.61 and 0.52 for boys and girls, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analyses, with independent variables such as gender, weight, height, puberty stage and skinfolds, allowed several BMR regression equations to be developed. The inclusion of the menarche status in the regression equations significantly (P < 0.05) improved BMR estimation in the pre-menarche girls. Boys, pubertal stage as assessed by Pubic Hair (PH) and Gonadal Stage (G) did not contribute to a significant improvement in BMR estimation, except for 11-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of pubertal stage afforded only minor improvements in the derivation of regression equations for the estimation of BMR of children aged between 10 and 15 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Physical activity levels in a sample of Oxford school children aged 10-13 years.

OBJECTIVE: To determine physical activity levels (PAL) in children aged between 10 and 13 y. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of physical activity levels on school days, with and without physical education (PE) lessons and at weekend. Data were collected using self-reported activity diaries. SETTING: The children were recruited from a middle school in Oxford. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and anthropometry were measured in the school. SUBJECTS: Thirty-eight children (12 boys and 26 girls), aged 10-13 y, returned completed activity diaries. PAL values were calculated by applying physical activity ratios (PAR) to the time spent on each activity. BMR and anthropometry were measured within 20 d of activity diary completion. RESULTS: The mean +/-s.d. (range) PAL values for all children were 1.52+/-0.08 (1.34-1.71), 1. 50+/-0.05 (1.44-1.57) for boys and 1.53+/-0.10 (1.34-1.71) for girls. The lowest PAL value (1.48+/-0.13, mean +/-s.d.) was observed in girls on school days without PE lessons. The lowest PAL value in boys (1.46+/-0.13, mean +/-s.d.) was observed at the weekend. PE lessons made a significant difference to the PAL values for boys (1. 58+/-0.09) and girls (1.60+/-0.12). A wide range of PAL values (1. 20-1.87) was recorded in these children. The total energy expenditure for the boys was slightly lower than the estimated average requirements (EAR) predicted by the Department of Health (8. 71+/-0.96 MJ compared with 8.86 MJ/d) for this age group. The girls had a higher average energy expenditure than the predicted EAR (8. 47+/-1.00 MJ/d compared with 7.885). CONCLUSIONS: The children in this study may be classified as light to moderately active with PAL values ranging from 1.20 to 1.87. The promotion of physical activity in childhood will have beneficial effects for the child and their future wellbeing. Programmes aimed at preventing obesity in children should encourage physical activity as well as promoting appropriate dietary changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Milk cytokines and subclinical breast inflammation in Tanzanian women: effects of dietary red palm oil or sunflower oil supplementation.

Previously, we have found that subclinical breast inflammation, as indicated by raised breastmilk concentrations of sodium and the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), was highly prevalent in Bangladesh and associated with poor infant growth. In order to investigate further the prevalence of subclinical breast inflammation and to assess the impact of dietary intervention, we studied rural Tanzanian women taking part in a study of dietary sunflower or red palm oil supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation. We measured breastmilk concentrations of IL-8, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta) and the ratio of sodium to potassium. We also estimated systemic inflammation by plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins, alpha1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein. There were highly significant intercorrelations among milk Na/K ratio and concentrations of IL-8 and TGF-beta, the last only after treatment with bile salts which also improved TGF-beta recovery in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma acute phase protein concentrations tended to correlate with milk Na/K ratio and IL-8, suggesting that subclinical breast inflammation was related to systemic inflammation. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E-rich sunflower oil but not provitamin A-containing red palm oil decreased milk Na/K, IL-8 and TGF-beta at 3 months postpartum; however, the effect was significant only for Na/K ratio. The results suggest that milk Na/K ratio, IL-8, and TGF-beta all measure the same phenomenon of subclinical breast inflammation but that Na/K ratio, having the lowest assay variability, is the most useful. Subclinical breast inflammation may result in part from systemic inflammation and may be improved by increased dietary intake of vitamin E-rich sunflower oil.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Influence of palm olein on protein utilisation in the growing rat.

In view of our preliminary findings that refined palm oil (RPOL) enhanced protein utilisation, and because of the growing importance of palm oil in human diets, two separate studies were conducted. The first study aimed to investigate the effect of the palm oil source and fraction on protein utilisation, as determined by net protein utilization (NPU) in growing rats. The second study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary concentration of one particular palm oil fraction, refined palm olein (RPO) on net protein utilisation. The fat source of each of the semi-purified diets was as follows: crude palm oil (CPO), refined palm kernel oil (RKO), refined palm olein (RPO), refined palm stearin (RPS), and refined palm oil (RPOL). A sixth control group was offered an identical diet but with olive oil (OO, control) as the fat source. Both the oil source (P < 0.01) and the oil level (P < 0.05) influenced NPU in rats. NPU values were generally higher for rats given the RPO-containing diets, particularly at the 20% dietary level (P < 0.01) compared to the diets containing ground nut oil (GNO). The results of these two experiments indicate that RPO influences protein metabolism specifically at a concentration of at least 20% in the diet. This may suggest that RPO is superior to GNO as a source of fat for the rehabilitation of malnourished children. Human trials notably during the rehabilitation of malnourished children may therefore be the next step in this line of research.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Systemic and tissue chamber fluid platinum concentrations released from cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine systemic and local platinum concentrations released from subcutaneously implanted cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) -impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and to evaluate systemic or local adverse reactions. ANIMALS: 6 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: Cisplatin (20 mg) was inserted into PMMA that was fashioned into cylinders and placed into subcutaneous tissue chambers overlying the thorax (treated site). An empty tissue chamber was placed over the opposite side (control site). Plasma samples were obtained for platinum determination before implantation, at 3, 6, and 12 hours after implantation on day 0, and once daily on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 29. At similar times on similar days, tissue chamber fluid samples also were obtained for platinum determination. Complete blood count, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration determinations, and urinalyses were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 29. Complete necropsy was performed at conclusion of the study. RESULTS: Tissue chamber platinum concentrations at the treated site were significantly greater than plasma and control site tissue chamber concentrations on days 2, 3, 7, 10. Mean plasma platinum concentration at 3 (0.735 microg/ml), 6 (0.691 microg/ml), 12 (0.534 microg/ml), 24 (0.131 microg/ml), 48 (0.2 microg/ml), 72 (0.1 microg/ml), and 158 (0.014 microg/ml) hours was significantly greater than pretreatment values (0.0 microg/ml). Plasma platinum concentration 10 days after treatment (0.011 microg/ml) did not significantly differ from pretreatment values. Local or systemic adverse reactions were not apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The route of cisplatin administration was safe. Greater concentration of platinum was released locally relative to plasma concentration for an extended period.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Nutrient losses and gains during frying: a review.

Recent consumer interest in 'healthy eating' has raised awareness to limit the consumption of fat and fatty foods. What are the relative nutritional advantages and disadvantages of consuming fried foods? Are all fried foods bad for you? A review on macro- and micronutrients losses and gains during frying is presented here. Frying has little or no impact on the protein or mineral content of fried food, whereas the dietary fibre content of potatoes is increased after frying due to the formation of resistant starch. Moreover, the high temperature and short transit time of the frying process cause less loss of heat labile vitamins than other types of cooking. For example, vitamin C concentrations of French fried potatoes are as high as in raw potatoes, and thiamine is well retained in fried potato products as well as in fried pork meat. The nutritive value of the frying media is also important to take into consideration and therefore losses of nutrients from the frying oil are also discussed. Although some unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins are lost due to oxidation, fried foods are generally a good source of vitamin E. It is true that some fat is inevitably taken up by the food being fried, contributing to an increased energy density. However, this also results in highly palatable foods with a high nutritional content. It is concluded that fried foods certainly have a place in our diets.

Diet↗