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Biomedical subjects

C J Howe

Publications and source records attributed to C J Howe.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Suppression of cortisol responses to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and the occurrence of side effects attributable to glucocorticoid excess, in cats during therapy with megestrol acetate and prednisolone.

The major purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of prednisolone and megestrol acetate in cats on the adrenal cortisol response to exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone during drug administration at dose rates employed for management of some inflammatory feline dermatoses. Prednisolone (at least 2 mg/kg/day) and megestrol acetate (5 mg/cat/day) were each administered orally to seven cats from days 1 to 16. Three additional cats received no therapy. Basal and stimulated cortisol concentrations, food and water intake, hematology, blood biochemistry, urinalyses, and hepatic and cutaneous histology were studied in all cats before, during, and two weeks following the end of treatment. Cats given prednisolone or megestrol acetate had significant suppression of stimulated cortisol levels on day 8. This change was more marked on day 15, when the suppression in cats given megestrol acetate was also significantly more severe than in those receiving prednisolone. Recovery of adrenal reserve was considered present on day 30 in six of seven cats given prednisolone, but in only three of seven receiving megestrol acetate. Eosinopenia, glycosuria and hepatocyte swelling from glycogen deposition were occasionally recorded in treated cats of both groups, providing additional circumstantial evidence for glucocorticoid activity of megestrol acetate in cats. It is advised that abrupt withdrawal of prednisolone or megestrol acetate therapy be avoided in this species to reduce the chance of precipitating clinical signs of hypoadrenocorticism, even after treatment for as little as one week.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

The wheat chloroplast gene for CF(0) subunit I of ATP synthase contains a large intron.

The gene for CF(0) subunit I of ATP synthase has been located in wheat chloroplast DNA, between the genes for CF(0) subunit III and alpha subunit of CF(1). Nucleotide sequencing and analysis of RNA-DNA hybrids indicated that the gene is interrupted by an 823-bp intron which has boundaries similar to those previously described for the introns in protein-coding chloroplast genes of Euglena gracilis. The deduced amino acid sequence of CF(0) subunit I indicates a polypeptide of 183 amino acid residues. However, N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the mature spinach CF(0) subunit I suggests that the protein is synthesised with a N-terminal extension of 17 amino acid residues and is processed to give a protein of mol. wt. 19 001 of 166 amino acids residues. The mature CF(0) subunit I shows similarities in primary and predicted secondary structure to F(0) subunit b of Escherichia coli ATP synthase. A major transcript of 3.3 kb containing sequences from the genes for CF(0) subunit III, subunit I and CF(1) subunit alpha has been observed by RNA-DNA hybridisation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

The endpoints of an inversion in wheat chloroplast DNA are associated with short repeated sequences containing homology to att-lambda.

The endpoints of an inversion in wheat chloroplast DNA are shown to be associated with copies of a short repeated sequence. Recombination across the repeats in an inverted configuration may have been responsible for the inversion, although they are currently in a direct orientation owing to a second inversion. The repeated sequence contains an element homologous to the core of the bacteriophage lambda att-site, which can function as such in vivo.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1983

Maize mitochondrial DNA contains a sequence homologous to the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene of chloroplast DNA.

The mitochondrial genome of maize contains a DNA sequence homologous to the chloroplast gene coding for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (LS gene). The presence in mitochondrial DNA of both coding and flanking sequences of this gene has been demonstrated first, by cross hybridization between the purified organelle DNAs and between cloned mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences and second, by in vitro transcription-translation of cloned mitochondrial DNA in an E. coli cell free system where a 21,000 dalton polypeptide is synthesized that can be precipitated with antibodies to wheat ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. In contrast to the 12 kb chloroplast homologous sequence found in the mitochondrial genome (Stern and Lonsdale, 1982), the sequence homologous to the LS gene is unaltered in mitochondrial DNA isolated from the male sterile cytoplasms of maize. The LS gene homologous sequence in the mitochondrial genome is located some 65 kb from the 18S mitochondrial rRNA gene and approximately 20 kb from the mitochondrial DNA sequence having homology to the chloroplast 16S rRNA gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Heterozygote detection in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Detection of heterozygote carriers for congenital adrenal hyperplasia by use of a modified tetracosactide (a synthetic corticotropin) stimulation test with prior overnight dexamethasone suppression proved to have a diagnostic accuracy of 95%. Discrimination of heterozygotes from normals was best when we used a criterion based on the ratios of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisol at baseline and at 30 min after intravenous administration of 250 micrograms of tetracosactide.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1982

Location and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the proton-translocating subunit of wheat chloroplast ATP synthase.

The proton-translocating subunit of wheat chloroplast ATP synthase is encoded by a chloroplast gene that has been accurately mapped and whose nucleotide sequence has been determined. The predicted sequence of 81 amino acids has been confirmed in part by determination of the sequence of the first 40 amino acids from the NH(2) terminus of the protein, and it shows 100% homology with the known amino acid sequence of the spinach protein but no more than 35% homology with the amino acid sequences of bacterial and mitochondrial proteins. The gene shows no deviation from the "universal" genetic code and is not split. A potential ribosome binding site is located 12 nucleotides upstream from the initiation codon, but sequences homologous to prokaryotic promotors and transcription terminators are not apparent.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of Prochlorothrix hollandica: purification, subunit structure and partial N-terminal sequence analysis of the large subunit.

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the carboxysomes of Prochlorothrix hollandica. The MW of the native enzyme was estimated to be 560,000 Dalton, comprising large subunits (LSU) of 57,000 Dalton and small subunits (SSU) of 13,000, probably in an 8LSU8SSU quaternary structure. Enzyme activity was maximal at pH 8.0 at 30 degrees C. The requirement of activity for Mg2+ could not be replaced by Mn2+. Co2+, Ca2+ or Cu2+. Amino acid N-terminal sequence analysis of the LSU showed a high degree of conservation when compared to cyanobacterial and chloroplast LSU sequences but was too short to allow a reliable phylogenetic assignment of P. hollandica.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beyond community assessment into the real world of learning aggregate practice.

One certainty for nursing, and therefore for nursing education, is that nurses of the 21st century will be called upon to deliver aggregate-based care. Faculty, seeking ways to prepare students for this challenge, often use community assessment as a strategy to help develop skills required to implement care at the aggregate level. In this unique program, community projects completed during an undergraduate community and family health nursing course are expanded in scope to include community diagnosis, planning, intervention, and outcome evaluation. Projects offer immediate benefit to the agency and may continue for several semesters, involving students in various phases of the nursing process.

Adult↗