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Biomedical subjects

C J Lacey

Publications and source records attributed to C J Lacey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a patient with AIDS.

A male patient is described with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who developed chronic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic sinusitis due to infection with the microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopic examination of conjunctival epithelial cells and nasal polypectomy specimens. Treatment with propamidine isethionate 0.1% (Brolene) eye drops six times daily led to a prompt resolution of the keratoconjunctivitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Chronic microsporidian infection of the nasal mucosae, sinuses and conjunctivae in HIV disease.

A case of chronic infection of the nasal mucosae, sinuses and conjunctivae with a microsporidian parasite in association with HIV infection and immune deficiency is reported. This microsporidian resembles both Encephalitozoon cuniculi and the newly described Encephalitozoon hellem by electron microscopy. This occurred in an adult male resident in the UK with no history of foreign travel. Although there are previous descriptions of conjunctival infections from the USA, this is the first description of infection of the nasal epithelium. Further studies are underway to classify this protozoan.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of exposure to sexually transmitted agents other than human papillomavirus.

There are now a number of lines of evidence giving support for a causal role of high-risk oncogenic HPV types in cervical cancer. However, it is clear that only a minority of women with HPV 16 infection, for example, develop invasive cancer. Therefore examination of whether sexually transmitted agents other than HPV are interacting in the genesis of cervical neoplasia is necessary. Serological methods which accurately reflect past exposure to individual agents are ideal for epidemiological studies. Sensitive and specific assays that are available for HSV 1, HSV 2, Treponema pallidum, CMV, HIV and Chlamydia are reviewed. Some data suggest an interaction of herpesviruses with HPV in oncogenesis which future epidemiological studies should address. However, at present the evidence is inadequate to prove the involvement of sexually transmitted agents other than HPV in the etiology of cervical neoplasia.

Cocarcinogenesis↗
PubMed1992

A new, sensitive polynucleotide probe for distinguishing Candida albicans strains and its use with a computer assisted archiving and pattern comparison system.

The repetitive DNA sequence poly[d(GT).d(CA)],(polyGT) can be used to generate DNA fingerprints that distinguish different yeast genera. In this study we demonstrate that the probe can also be used to distinguish individual strains of clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Isolates were fingerprinted by probing Southern blots of restriction enzyme-cleaved DNA samples with radioactively labelled polyGT. The discrimination between strains was clearer than can be achieved by direct visualization of ethidium bromide stained gels and was comparable to that achieved with previous DNA probes. However, the advantage of this probe is that it is not limited to Candida species since polyGT sequences appear to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Fingerprints were also generated from Southern blots using a commercial (AMBIS) radioanalytical imaging computer system. A proprietary software package (MICRO PM) was effective in discriminating between the C. albicans strains. These preliminary results indicate the potential value of this probe for discrimination between Candida isolates in epidemiological studies of candidosis.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Candida cell wall mannan in the vagina and its association with the signs and symptoms of vaginal candidosis.

Measurement of Candida cell wall polysaccharide (mannan) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated as an alternative to viable counting for the enumeration of yeast cell numbers in the human vagina. A statistically significant association was found between mannan levels and the number of colony forming units in vaginal washings collected from 40 women infected with Candida albicans (r = 0.81), indicating the accuracy of mannan levels in reflecting yeast cell load in vulvo-vaginal candidosis. Subsequent comparisons revealed a significant association between mannan levels and clinical signs in the vagina, so reflecting the importance of vulvitis and vaginitis as clinical markers for determining the severity of infection. No association was found between yeast load and the clinical symptoms, indicating the high degree of patient subjectivity. Estimation of mannan levels could be developed and used for the rapid laboratory investigation of chronic vulvo-vaginal candidosis.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1991

Human papillomavirus type 16 infection of the cervix: a comparison of differing DNA detection modes and the use of monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein.

An immuno-peroxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein L1 of HPV-16 was compared with dot-blot hybridisation of cervical scrapes and in situ hybridisation of cervical biopsy specimens for HPV-16 DNA. In a series of 20 patients all techniques were specific for HPV-16 infection. Ten patients were positive by dot-blot hybridisation and half of those were positive by in situ hybridisation. Only one of HPV-16 DNA positive cases showed L1 protein expression, apparently shortly after the onset of clinical infection. Whether major capsid protein expression reflects episodes of viral replication deserves further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Women and HIV.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Human papillomavirus type 31 infection of the uterine cervix in England.

A total of 452 uterine cervical scrapes, from two centres in England, has been examined by dot blot hybridisation for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31. HPV DNA was found in 36.5% samples. Twenty-nine of the women were infected with more than one type. Of those with detectable HPV, 14.5% had HPV type 31 infections. This type appears to cause significant infection of the genital tract in England.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

Ayre v Aylesbury cervical spatulas.

A single blind crossover study compared the traditional Ayre spatula with the new Aylesbury spatula. The study group consisted of all women attending the department of genitourinary medicine during a 16 month period. The same incidence (3.6%) of dyskaryotic smears was found using the Ayre spatula (74/2077) as the Aylesbury spatula (72/2003). The incidence of smears with endocervical cells, however, was significantly greater using the Aylesbury (33.4%) than the Ayre (20.4%) spatulas, despite there being no difference in the incidence of smears with epithelial abnormalities. Quantitative studies thus showed that the Aylesbury gave no more accurate results than the Ayre spatula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hepatitis B virus reactivation or reinfection associated with HIV-1 infection.

Following acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, most individuals develop antibodies to HBV surface (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc). Prevalence studies have shown that 10-18% develop anti-HBc in the absence of detectable anti-HBs. We report four such cases, all with persistence of serum anti-HBc, who had evidence of a second period of active HBV replication as demonstrated by the reappearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In one patient, an HBsAg subtype difference indicated that the second period of HBsAg-positivity was due to a reinfection. In the other cases, reactivation may also explain the findings. All cases were anti-HIV-1 seropositive at the time of reappearance of HBsAg. There is experimental evidence that anti-HBc has a protective effect against HBV infection; however, this may require intact cell-mediated immunity to be effective. HIV-1 infection may render such patients susceptible to reinfection. Alternatively, some patients with anti-HBc, but without detectable anti-HBs may have latent HBV infection. Immunosuppression associated with HIV-1 infection may allow reactivation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗