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Biomedical subjects

C J Martini

Publications and source records attributed to C J Martini.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The relationship between the race/ethnicity of generalist physicians and their care for underserved populations.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine empirically the relationship between physicians' race or ethnicity and their care for medically underserved populations. METHODS: Generalist physicians who received the MD degree in 1983 or 1984 (n = 1581) were surveyed. The personal and background characteristics of four racial/ethnic groups of physicians were compared with the characteristics of their patients. RESULTS: When the potentially confounding variables of gender, childhood family income, childhood residence, and National Health Services Corps financial aid obligations were controlled, generalist physicians from underrepresented minorities were more likely than their nonminority counterparts to care for medically underserved populations. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians from underrepresented minorities are more likely than others to care for medically underserved populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Medical school and student characteristics that influence choosing a generalist career.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors in medical schools that can be manipulated to affect the proportion of graduates entering generalist practice. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional and retrospective studies of medical schools and practicing generalist physicians; surveys of MD-granting and DO-granting medical schools; site visits to nine schools with a high proportion of graduates becoming generalist physicians; surveys of national samples of MD and DO generalist physicians. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Characteristics of medical schools, including structural characteristics, financing, mission, admissions policies, student demographics, curriculum, faculty, and the production of generalist physicians; information on personal characteristics, background, perceptions, and attitudes of practicing generalist physicians. DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Estimated proportion of graduates of the classes of 1989, 1990, and 1991 in family practice, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics. RESULTS: Institutional mission, certain admissions policies, characteristics of entering students, and the presence of a primary care-oriented curriculum explained statistically significant variation in the number of physicians choosing generalist careers, even after the structural characteristics of public or private status, age of the school, and class size were controlled for statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Public and institutional policies, where implemented, have had a positive effect on students' choice of generalist careers. The most influential factors under the control of the medical school are the criteria used for admitting students and the design of the curriculum, with particular emphasis on faculty role models. Personal social values was the individual characteristic that most strongly influenced graduates' career choice.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1990

An estimable legacy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

The International Medical Scholars Program: purpose and potential.

Among medical leaders in other countries, there is a general perception that it is difficult at present for their citizens to get graduate medical education in the United States. In response to concern that current U.S. policies may be negatively affecting opportunities for international medical education, a task force recommendation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education led to the founding of a managing structure through which to develop the International Medical Scholars Program (IMSP). IMSP is described as an organization that will be able to provide tailored opportunities for high-quality education, centralized matching, planning, and evaluation; certificates for recognition of program completion; mechanisms to ensure the return of participants to their home countries; and a system to record the careers of IMSP graduates in their home countries. Proposed eligibility requirements for foreign medical graduates and selection criteria for U.S. institutions are discussed, along with obligations and requirements of program participants, program content, and the recognition for completion of IMSP programs. Administrative considerations also are presented, including IMSP financing and evaluation plans.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1978

A method for self-assessment of disability before and after hip replacement operations.

A standardised form was developed to review the daily problems suffered by patients with arthritis of the hip and provide clinicians with information for planning treatment and in judging subsequent progress. The reports made by various patients in a preliminary study provided 81 statements on pain, restricted movements, and restricted activities that were then tested to identify the most reliable. The responses of 32 patients waiting for hip replacements and 66 patients who had undergone operation were compared with independent assessments of pain and physical limitations. The 33 statements eventually selected were chosen mainly on the basis of their sensitivity to differences between preoperative and postoperative patients and their correlation with the independent assessments. The final questionnaire provides a valid and concise summary of a patient's disabilities and is simple enough for the patient to complete while waiting to see the doctor.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Health indexes sensitive to medical care variation.

Data from the fifteen Hospital Regions of England and Wales were used to determine the utility of health outcome indexes, derived from existing health statistics, for monitoring the quality and effectiveness of health services. Outcome measures reflect not only the impact of the system of care but also the sociodemographic characteristics of the population. An attempt therefore was made to identify those outcome measures most sensitive to variations in medical care and least affected by sociodemographic differences. In general, most indexes examined in this paper appear to be more sensitive to variations in the sociodemographic characteristics of the population. However, thosoutcome measures related to provision of care in hospital appear to relatively more sensitive to variation in medical care than those which are community based. This suggests that, at least for monitoring the effectiveness of medical care in the community, it may be necessary to move away from the more "traditional" health indexes toward measures that take into consideration the different patterns of care and the social and behavioral aspects of health.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of three systems of classifying presenting problems in general practice.

Three internationally recognized systems have been devised for classifying presenting problems in general practice. They are: the Royal College of General Practitioners' (1963) classification, the US Ambulatory Medical Care Classification of Symptoms (NAMCS), and the World Organization of Colleges and Academies of General Practice/Family Medicine (WONCA, 1976) classification which is known as An International Classification of Health Problems of Primary Care (ICHPPC).These three systems were compared in over 8,000 consultations conducted by 81 randomly selected British general practitioners in Nottinghamshire.For all ages of patient, the NAMCS, which has only 197 categories, was the most specific, and the least specific was the classification of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

Diagnosis↗