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C J Padfield

Publications and source records attributed to C J Padfield.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Detection of parvovirus B19 in macerated fetal tissue using in situ hybridisation.

AIMS: To compare the application of a non-radioactive in situ hybridisation (ISH) technique with an immunocytochemical technique for the detection of human parvovirus B19 in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sections of macerated fetal tissue. METHODS: Archived samples of liver, lung or kidney from 19 human fetuses were investigated for parvovirus B19 using a full length digoxigenin labelled DNA probe of 5.5 kb; bound probe was detected using an anti-digoxigenin (alkaline phosphatase) conjugate and visualised using NBT/BCIP. Immunocytochemical detection of parvovirus B19 was performed using a monoclonal mouse antiparvovirus B19 antiserum, with a streptavidin-biotin complex (horse radish peroxidase) method. Cases were selected to provide a range of diagnostic certainty and a range of degrees of macerative degeneration. RESULTS: Parvovirus B19 was found in 15 of 19 cases using the B19 ISH technique compared with 8 of 19 cases using the immunocytochemical technique. The four negative cases were all controls known to be parvovirus B19 free. All ISH positive cases showed excellent staining with low background regardless of extent of maceration and tissue type. In comparison, sections stained by the immunocytochemical method showed considerable non-specific immunoreactivity in many cases, particularly with severe maceration. Kidney and lung tissues gave the cleanest results. CONCLUSIONS: ISH is more effective than the immunocytochemical technique for the detection of human parvovirus B19 in macerated fetal tissue. The lack of detectable background staining with the ISH technique led to easier interpretation suggesting that this technique should be the method of choice for the investigation of parvovirus B19 in macerated postmortem tissues.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Developing a European professional record of achievement in engineering: towards portable qualifications.

This paper describes a Leonardo da Vinci pilot project the aim of which is to establish a Professional Record of Achievement within the engineering industry for developing and recording career development plans and the resulting requirements for learning and for personal and professional development. recording learning achievements and professional development, and the accumulation of credit towards relevant qualifications. The project will draw upon recent experiences and developments in different countries. A survey of some previous work in the area of portfolios or records of achievement in Europe is presented.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1995

Correlation of pS2 expression of involved lymph nodes in relation to primary breast carcinoma.

Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to prognosis and response to tamoxifen. We have investigated pS2 protein expression in both the primary tumour and lymph node metastases (LNM) using a computer-assisted image analysis system. In a consecutive series of 208 patients undergoing surgical excision of primary breast cancer with axillary clearance, 89 patients were found to have involved lymph nodes. We found a highly significant correlation between pS2 expression in primary tumours and their LNM when 5% was taken as the cut-off for positive staining (Fischer Exact, P < 0.0001). There was also a highly significant correlation between the proportion of positive staining between the local metastases and primary tumours (Spearman's rank order correlation = 0.87; P < 0.0001). We conclude that the pS2 status of LNM can be accurately predicted from the pS2 status of the primary tumour. As such, appropriate adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer, or second line therapy for disseminated disease can be selected on the pS2 status of the primary tumour alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Immunocytochemical staining of pS2 protein in fine-needle aspirate from breast cancer is an accurate guide to response to tamoxifen in patients aged over 70 years.

Fine-needle aspirates from 52 breast cancers in 50 patients over 70 years of age were immunocytochemically stained for pS2 protein. All patients were treated with tamoxifen 40 mg/day and followed up at intervals of 2 months. The size of the tumour was serially assessed with calipers and portable ultrasonography. Change in tumour size was confirmed mammographically. Clinical monitoring was performed bind of the pS2 status. Twenty-five tumours were pS2 positive, of which 23 showed a significant response; ten went into complete remission (mean time to complete remission 6.8 (range 2-14) months) and 13 demonstrated partial remission (mean follow-up 8.9 (range 6-19) months). Two tumours remained static. Twenty-seven tumours were pS2 negative and none of these responded to tamoxifen; six remained static (mean follow-up 11.5 (range 6-14) months) and 21 progressed (mean time to progression 7.0 (range 3-14) months) (P < 0.001). Immunocytochemical assessment of fine-needle aspirates from elderly women with breast cancer accurately predicts a worthwhile response to tamoxifen.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemistry in the assessment of pS2 protein expression in fine needle aspiration cytology from breast carcinoma.

pS2 protein is a cysteine-rich polypeptide, of unknown function, the expression of which is induced in the human cancer cell line MCF-7 by oestrogen. The availability of a murine monoclonal antibody to human pS2 protein has prompted us to evaluate its expression in 47 cases of primary breast carcinoma. Using a double indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we compared the expression of pS2 protein in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology smears with that in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from subsequently excised tumours from the same patients. We also compared the expression of pS2 protein and oestrogen receptor (ER) status using immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 22 primary breast carcinomas. We found the application of immunocytochemistry in the assessment of pS2 protein expression in FNA cytology to be a reliable and cost-effective technique, having a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 100%. There was also a good correlation between the expression of pS2 protein and ER status.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Adenovirus and intranuclear inclusions in appendices in intussusception.

AIMS: To examine the light and electron microscopic features of appendices removed at the time of surgical reduction of intussusception in children; and to confirm that the viral inclusions seen in some of them are due to adenovirus. METHODS: A series of 39 appendices from cases of intussusception and 15 control appendices were reviewed. Light microscopic examination of haematoxylin and eosin stained sections was performed on all of them and one appendix with large numbers of inclusions was examined by electron microscopy. Non-isotopic in situ hybridisation using a biotinylated DNA probe was carried out on sections of appendix from 30 of the cases of intussusception and from the 15 controls. RESULTS: Light microscopic examination showed viral inclusions in 19 of the appendices from the cases of intussusception and in none of the controls. Electron microscopic examination showed viral particles with the typical features of adenovirus. Most of the appendices with viral inclusions in the haematoxylin and eosin stained sections also contained adenovirus DNA as shown by in situ hybridisation. CONCLUSIONS: Viral inclusions seen in appendices from cases of intussusception are caused by adenovirus. Adenovirus DNA was not demonstrable in appendices from cases of intussusception without viral inclusions and the aetiological factors involved in intussusception in these children remain unknown.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Ureterosigmoidostomy complicated by polyp formation. Report of two cases.

Neoplasia associated with ureterosigmoidostomy is uncommon but important. Two patients, one of whom developed symptoms five years after the ureterosigmoidostomy had been taken down, are reported. The authors support the theory that these tumors may arise from the ureter. When ureterosigmoidostomies are dismantled, the site of implantation should be resected and the patients kept under long-term endoscopic review.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

NED survival in head and neck cancer (post-mortem correlations).

A common feature of reporting head and neck squamous cancer statistics in recent years has been to consider patients dying with no evident disease (NED) as successfully treated. We present two patients who died with no clinically evident squamous cancer and who could therefore have been reported as cured but for autopsy findings which showed significant distant spread. These findings are supported by several reports of distant metastases in squamous head and neck cancer and it is suggested that rates of post-mortem examinations be included in survival figures in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Mucinous biliary papillomatosis: a tumour in need of wider recognition.

We report three cases of mucinous biliary papillomatosis occurring high in the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histological assessment of malignancy is difficult and subjective because there is no unequivocal evidence of stromal invasion. Using anti-laminin antibodies to assess the basement membranes of these tumours we have found a large number of discontinuities in the epithelial basement membrane. On this basis we consider that mucinous biliary papillomatosis should be considered a low-grade malignancy. This would correlate with the natural history of these tumours, namely recurrence but with no widespread metastasis, death resulting from liver failure usually with 5-6 years of presentation.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Typhoid outbreak in Kingston, Ont: experience with high-dose oral ampicillin.

Twenty-four children contracted typhoid fever at a summer camp near Kingston, Ont. Six were treated with chloramphenicol alone and 15 with high doses of ampicillin (300 mg/kg-d) by mouth. Ampicillin in this dosage was well tolerated except in three children in whom severe urticarial rashes developed and two who had significant diarrhea. However, high-dose oral ampicillin therapy had no advantage over that with lower doses or over chloramphenicol as judged by the rate of defervescence after the start of treatment, the rate of clinical relapse and the frequency of excretion of Salmonella typhi during convalescence.

Adolescent↗