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Biomedical subjects

C J Rondle

Publications and source records attributed to C J Rondle.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

A poxvirus antigen associated with pathogenicity for rabbits.

White pock variants of cowpox virus give papular lesions on intradermal inoculation of rabbits, without the necrosis and haemorrhage that are produced by wild type cowpox viruses. Rondle & Dumbell (1962) have shown that white pock variants of cowpox virus fail to produce a specific, precipitating antigen which they called 'd' substance. In this paper it is shown that 'd' is demonstrable in soluble antigen preparations of rabbitpox virus and of neurovirulent strains of vaccinia virus but not in soluble antigens of variola viruses. Two series of recombinant viruses prepared by Dumbell & Bedson (1964) from variola and cowpox and from variola and rabbitpox viruses were tested for the production of 'd' substance. These results were compared with the previously recorded effects of these recombinants when inoculated intradermally in rabbits. It is concluded that functional genes determining the production of 'd' and of rabbit skin pathogenicity are closely linked on the pox virus genome, but that there is insufficient evidence to say that the two functions are interdependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cholera: possible infection from aircraft effluent.

This paper presents the hypothesis that some cases of cholera might be due to effluent discharge from aircraft. The theoretical case is borne out by inspection of data on the physical conditions pertaining between high altitudes and ground level. A study of the distribution of isolated outbreaks and single cases of disease and their relation to major airline routes showed a reasonable correspondence. Sporadic outbreaks of cholera in Europe between 1970 and 1975 were found to lie within the flight paths of regular airline services from Calcutta, where cholera is endemic, to the Northern Hemisphere. Laboratory studies on the stability of Vibrio cholerae to conditions likely to be encountered in droplets falling from high altitude to the ground suggested that significant numbers of organisms might survive. It should be noted that in this study no account was taken of the effect of ultra-violet light on viability and it is known that at high altitides the ultraviolet light component of solar radiation is much higher than at ground level. Results of experiments where small numbers of organisms were inoculated into relatively poor media showed that rapid growth ensued and that sufficient organisms were produced to give an infective dose of Vibrio cholerae in 1-10 ml/fluid. It could be concluded that human infection could easily occur by ingestion of fluids such as milk or soup which had some time earlier received a fortuitous but slight contamination from the air. Investigation of one disinfectant (chloramine T) showed that it reacted rapidly and in a complex manner with peptone. One effect of this reaction was the elimination of bactericidal activity and it seems likely that, as at present employed, chloramine T is of doubtful value in aeroplane hygiene. One important conclusion that arises from this work is that if cholera can be spread, even only occasionally, by effluent from aircraft then close investigation should be made of the possibility of other bacteria and viruses being spread in a similar way.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1973

Micropolyspora faeni and farmer's lung disease.

Several methods were used to obtain serologically active materials from cultures of Micropolyspora faeni. From the results of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests on these materials it is suggested that preparations for the laboratory diagnosis of farmer's lung disease (FLD) should contain concentrated culture supernatant (CS) and extracts of mycelium obtained by ultrasonic treatment (MU). Although CS and MU have many serological activities in common they also possess activities unique to each.Extraction of mycelium with trichloracetic acid, boiling water or methanol yielded a product which gave simple patterns in immunodiffusion tests. The products contained little protein but were rich in carbohydrates, particularly arabinose, galactose and glucosamine. A similar material was obtained from a cell-wall preparation by treatment with lysozyme. Antibodies to the serologically active substances in these materials occurred more frequently in sera of patients with FLD than antibodies to any other M. faeni antigen.Attempts to obtain serologically active materials from spores were unsuccessful. Moreover antibodies to M. faeni could not be removed from patients' sera by absorption with partially purified spore preparations. It is suggested that the hypersensitivity in FLD arises from exposure to mycelial antigens.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1972

Studies on monkeypox virus.

The growth characteristics, including ceiling temperatures for growth, of three strains of monkeypox virus were studied on chick chorioallantoic membrane, growth and plaque formation were studied in RK13 cells, and growth was studied in rabbit dermis. The three strains could not be distinguished by these tests but could be differentiated from variola, vaccinia, and cowpox viruses. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests with homologous and heterologous antisera also showed that the monkeypox strains were indistinguishable, although they could be differentiated from vaccinia and cowpox, but not from variola, viruses. Similar results were obtained in neutralization tests. It is suggested that the monkeypox strains constitute a homogeneous poxvirus entity. The strains can be differentiated from other poxviruses by their cultural characteristics but serologically they are more closely related to variola than to vaccinia or cowpox viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Degradation of influenza virus by non-ionic detergent.

Preparations of influenza virus A0 PR8/34 and A2 Malaysia/68 have been studied in the electron microscope. They were similar in appearance to preparations made by others. Each preparation was degraded by Triton N 101. The process of degradation appeared to be different from that observed using ether and, by inference, a number of other agents.

Microscopy, Electron↗
PubMed1970

Soluble antigens obtained from influenza virus by treatment with non-ionic detergent.

Highly purified influenza virus was degraded using anionic and non-ionic detergents. Best results were obtained using the non-ionic detergent Triton N 101. Tests showed that virus extracts contained neuraminidase and a substance that reacted specifically with rabbit antibody to virus haemagglutinin (specific serum blocking substance). Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody was produced when virus extracts were inoculated into guinea-pigs. Immunodiffusion tests showed that extracts were complex. Host-specific material was regularly found. Under appropriate conditions S-antigen was detected as a single line pattern component. Two or more virus-specific materials were also present. One of these was probably neuraminidase and the other the specific serum blocking substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

The extracellular antigens of Micropolyspora faeni: their significance in farmer's lung disease.

A serological analysis of the extracellular antigens of Micropolyspora faeni by immunodiffusion with a combination of sera revealed 29 individual antigens. A survey was made of the incidence of precipitins to the antigens in sera from patients with clinical farmer's lung disease (FLD) and other respiratory diseases. Precipitating antibody was found in 75% of farmer's lung cases and in 20% of other cases who had been exposed to the same environment. More precipitin reactions were seen in sera from severe forms of FLD than from milder forms. The distribution of precipitins to individual antigens was not significantly affected by severity of disease.Most of the patients with precipitins to M. faeni, but without the symptoms of FLD, were suffering from mild or moderate symptoms of other respiratory diseases with a history of chronic onset of symptoms. The distribution of precipitins to individual antigens in this group was similar to that in clinical FLD patients but the incidence was considerably lower.The significance of these results is discussed.

Actinomyces↗