Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA).
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Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Biomedical subjects
C J Sindic
Publications and source records attributed to C J Sindic.
Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA)--VI. The determination of rabbit IgG antibodies against myelin basic protein using IgM rheumatoid factor.
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Animals↗
The clinical relevance of ferritin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid.
By means of a new technique (Particle Counting Immunoassay), we have determined the level of ferritin in 470 samples of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various neurological disorders. The median value obtained in a control group was 2.3 ng/ml with an upper limit at 5.5 ng/ml. the concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were independent, but that in cerebrospinal fluid correlated with its total protein content. High values of ferritin were found in infectious meningo-encephalitis, in vascular diseases of the central nervous system, and, unexpectedly, in several cases of dementia without obvious vascular pathology.
Bacterial Infections↗
The binding of myelin basic protein to the Fc region of aggregated IgG and to immune complexes.
Bovine myelin basic protein was found to agglutinate polystyrene particles coated with human polyclonal IgG, monoclonal IgG1, or IgG Fc fragments, but not those coated with IgG F(ab')2 fragments, IgA, or IgM. The agglutination of Fc-coated particles was inhibited by heat-aggregated polyclonal IgG or monoclonal IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, but not by native IgG. Reduction and alkylation of aggregated IgG did not affect their inhibitory activities. Soluble immune complexes displayed the highest inhibitory activity at a two-fold antigen excess. The interaction between myelin basic protein and aggregated IgG was confirmed by gel exclusion experiments on Sephadex G-200. The possible consequence of these findings could be significant in the interpretation of IgG deposits in brain plaques of multiple sclerosis patients and of the results of immunohistochemical studies, titration of anti-myelin basic protein antibodies and immunoassay of myelin basic protein.
Animals↗
The elution of IgG from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis brains.
IgG was extracted from sections of a multiple sclerosis brain by repeated washing with phosphate-buffered saline. After this extraction, no IgG was recovered by further washing at pH 2.2. This indicates that the IgG of the plaques has no strong affinity for insoluble constituents of the brain. Section of a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain were used as positive controls: after repeated extraction with phosphate-buffered saline, IgG with anti-measles antibody activity was eluted at acid pH.
Adult↗
S-100 protein in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses.
S-100 protein, which is found essentially in the astrocytes of the nervous system, was assayed in amniotic fluids by Particle Counting ImmunoAssay. It was present in 19 cases of anencephaly out of 26, in 1 case of open spina bifida out of 5 and in each of the 4 cases of fetal death, whereas it was not detected in the 48 control amniotic fluids collected between the 16th and the 35th week of gestation. Thirty-one amniotic fluids from fetuses with other congenital malformations were devoid of detectable S-100. The presence of S-100 in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses can presumably be considered as a biological sign of necrosis of the exencephalic brain and seems specific to damage of the central nervous system accompanied by neural tube defect.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Monoclonal IgM gammopathy with anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) activity and polyneuropathy. A study of three cases.
The authors describe three patients with a chronic sensory-motor polyneuropathy associated with a monoclonal IgM gammopathy. In each case, the M-component was shown to display an antibody activity against the Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) in a western blot technique. Sera from the three patients stained specifically the myelin sheaths of normal human peripheral nerves after incubation with rabbit anti-IgM. Motor conduction velocities were very low in each case. Morphological studies of the sural nerve from one patient revealed a moderate loss of myelinated fibres, some onion-bulbs but also a microangiopathy and signs of axonal degeneration.
Aged↗
[Wegener's disease. Unusual initial symptomatology: acute pain in the lower limbs].
The authors report a case of Wegener's granulomatosis unusual for its initial signs. The first evidence of disease consisted in pains in the lower limbs, probably caused by inflammatory processes involving the fascia. Biochemical, radiological and histological examinations allowed the diagnosis to be made.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Antibody activity of CSF oligoclonal IgG in infectious neurological diseases. Detection using immunoblotting].
The authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal IgG intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. After dilution of sera to the same IgG concentration as the paired CSF samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. Precipitated IgG or specific IgG antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocellulose sheet previously coated with either a rabbit anti-IgG antiserum or the antigen under study, respectively. The immunoblot is successively incubated with biotinylated anti-IgG antiserum and with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex before staining with 4 chloro-1-naphthol. This method was applied to samples from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, herpetic encephalitis, meningoradiculitis due to Herpes Zoster, neuro-AIDS, neurobrucellosis, meningoradiculitis or encephalomyelitis due to Borrelia burgdorferi, and tuberculous meningitis. In each case, specific oligoclonal IgG antibodies, superimposed or not on a diffuse polyclonal synthesis were detected in the CSF, but not, or more faintly, in the corresponding serum. This was taken as evidence for an intra-thecal synthesis of these antibodies. In contrast, when a "mirror effect" was observed, i.e. similar oligoclonal bands in both serum and CSF after dilution at the same IgG concentration, an intra-thecal synthesis was ruled out.
Central Nervous System Diseases↗
[Multiple cranial nerve involvement associated with tentorial pachymeningitis of granulomatous type].
Otitis media in a 43 year-old male patient was followed by signs of chronic meningitis with persistent headaches, moderate pleiomorphic lymphocytosis of CSF without hypoglycorrhachia and unilateral impairment of cranial nerves XI to II. These signs were accompanied by widespread inflammation with general deterioration of the patient's condition. After a time the tentorium of cerebellum showed thickening and significant contrast uptake in conjunction with necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, indicating tentorial pachymeningitis. Swift and complete remission was obtained with a corticoid-cyclophosphamide combination. After reviewing the other possible causes of chronic meningitis, the authors proposed a diagnosis of Wegener's disease of auricular origin in view of the compatibility of all the data. A few cases of cranial pachymeningitis of indeterminate origin are described in the literature. Only this patient was treated with a corticoid-cyclophosphamide combination. The remarkable efficacy of this double therapy confirms the diagnostic hypothesis of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Accessory Nerve↗
Peripheral blood B and T-lymphocyte populations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Relationship with clinical activity of the disease and chronic immunosuppressive treatment.
During a period of 30 months, we studied the proportions of B and T cells, and of T cell subpopulations, in 924 blood samples from 213 MS patients. The disease was clinically stable in 88 patients (271 samples), relapsing progressive in 50 (349 samples), slowly progressive in 71 (262 samples) and in acute, selfremitting relapses for 31 patients (42 samples). By comparison with controls, untreated MS patients displayed a slightly higher percentage of B-cells (p less than 0.05) and a striking decrease of the mean percentage of CD8 + cells (p less than 0.001). Within the MS group, patients with an active disease presented a more marked decrease of the number of CD8 + cells and an increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio (p less than 0.01). However, 13 out of the 88 clinically stable patients had persistently high CD4/CD8 ratios, whereas such a high ratio was observed only in 60% of samples collected during an acute relapse. Eighty patients with a progressive form of the disease were chronically treated by immunosuppressive drugs, usually cyclophosphamide (N = 69). This treatment induced within one year a marked decrease of the absolute number of B and CD4 + cells, and a return to normal values of the CD4/CD8 ratio.
B-Lymphocytes↗