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C J Stoddard

Publications and source records attributed to C J Stoddard.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Electrical arrhythmias in the human stomach.

Myoelectrical activity was recorded from the human antrum on 136 occasions using a monopolar mucosal electrode in preoperative and post-vagotomy patients, and bipolar serosal electrodes in post-cholecystectomy patients, and the incidence of antral arrhythmias observed. Arrhythmias of long duration were observed in five out of 62 patients after vagotomy and one out of 10 patients after cholecystectomy, but not in preoperative patients. They were characterised by slow waves with increased frequency, variable period, amplitude, and wave shape and were associated with periods of slow wave inhibition. None of the patients with an arrhythmia had any symptoms of disordered gastric motility. Antral arrhythmias could also be induced in some patients by the administration of insulin, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, glucagon, and pentagastrin. The appearance of antral arrhythmias is probably due to a relative increase of sympathetic over parasympathetic activity. The maximal slow wave frequency observed was 8.3 cycles per minute and it is probable that in vivo human antral smooth muscle has a maximum frequency above which it cannot be driven.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1979

Colonic myoelectrical activity in man: comparison of recording techniques and methods of analysis.

Both monopolar and bipolar recordings of human colonic myoelectrical activity have been made on 29 occasions from implanted serosal electrodes attached to either the ascending colon or transverse colon. Visual and computer analysis of the signals were made and the incidences of the two electrical rhythms present in the colon were compared for the two recording techniques, recording sites, and methods of analysis. The percentage incidence of both rhythms was similar for the mono and bipolar recording techniques in both parts of the colon. The incidence of the two rhythms in the transverse colon was approximately twice that recorded in the ascending colon, this being true for both recording techniques and methods of analysis, but neither was detected for more than 50% of the time. It is concluded that the methods of data analysis probably account for the differing incidences of electrical activity in the human colon that have been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Four patients with acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus requiring laparotomy are presented. The complications consisted of intestinal ischaemia, without perforation, in 3 patients and omental infarction in the fourth. In 2 patients the abdominal emergency was the first manifestation of the collagen disease. Tissue removed from 3 patients showed a marked vasculitis on histological examination. The pathogenesis and management of acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed and the literature reviewed.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1978

Highly selective vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for chronic duodenal ulceration: a randomized, prospective clinical study.

The results of a randomized, prospective clinical trial of highly selective vagotomy (HSV) versus truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP) in 126 male patients undergoing elective surgery for chronic duodenal ulceration are presented. The operations were performed by surgeons of all grades of experience. At a mean follow-up time of just over 3 years a satisfactory result was obtained in 93 per cent of patients following HSV and 78 per cent of patients following TVP, the difference being probably statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The incidence of early and late dumping, bile vomiting, flatulence, post-prandial epigastric discomfort and wound infection was statistically significantly less after HSV than after TVP. Three patients have developed a recurrent duodenal ulcer after each type of operation (5.4 per cent). At this early stage HSV has advantages over TVP; it will be interesting to see if these are maintained with the passage of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Current concepts of gastrointestinal motility and electrical activity.

The motor and electrical events in the gastrointestinal tract correlate far better than do motor activity and transit of intraluminal contents. Two types of electrical phenomenon can be recorded from the smooth muscle of the bowel, namely slow waves and action potentials. Action potentials, which are superimposed on the slow waves, initiate the gastrointestinal contractions and are directly related to changes in intraluminal pressure. The characteristics of the electrical activity in the different parts of the alimentary tract are described, these being dependent on the anatomical recording site, the animal species, and the recording technique. Alterations in motility by neural and hormonal stimuli reflect the changes that these stimuli produce in the gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Abdominal wound healing: a prospective clinical study.

The incidence of wound dehiscence and incisional hernia after two methods of abdominal wound closure (layered closure with retention sutures and single-layer "mass closure") was studied in a randomised prospective clinical trial in a consecutive series of 200 patients. Dehiscence occurred in 1% of patients and herniation in 4-7%; the incidence of these complications was similar with both methods of closure. Seven of the 11 cases of dehiscence or herniation occurred in infected wounds, and wound infection was associated with a tenfold increase in the incidence of these complications. The prevention of wound infection would reduce substantially the incidence of dehiscence and herniation in abdominal wounds.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Effect of vagotomy on the response of gastric myoelectrical activity to glucagon and food.

The myoelectrical activity of the gastric antrum was measured in 13 patients using intraluminal suction electrodes. In 3 patients with intact vagi, intravenous injection of glucagon 5 mug/kg and 10 mug/kg resulted in periods of increased frequency of gastric slow waves and also periods of inhibition. These findings persisted after highly selective vagotomy (7 patients) and were abolished by truncal vagotomy (3 patients). In each of 4 dogs, six silver/silver chloride electrodes implanted under the serosa were used to record the myoelectrical activity of the stomach and duodenum and its response to a meal of 450 gm of meat. Coordination of bursts of spike activity superimposed on the slow waves was significantly diminished after truncal vagotomy but not after highly selective vagotomy. These results confirm that changes in myoelectrical activity after vagotomy are related to the extent of vagal denervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The immediate and delayed effects of different types of vagotomy on human gastric myoelectrical activity.

The immediate and delayed effects of different types of vagotomy on the antral myoelectrical activity have been studied in 52 patients who had previously undergone either highly selective vagotomy (HSV) or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV + P) for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration up to eight years previously. The frequency of the electrical activity was not statistically different between the two types of operation. After HSV the triphasic waveshape of the antral myoelectrical activity was retained; it was recorded more frequently in the delayed tests (98.0 plus or minus 1-7%) of the recording period than in immediate tests (74-7 plus or minus 6-5%) whereas mean amplitude in the immediate tests (1-59 plus or minus 0-13 mV) was not significantly changed in the delayed tests (1-49 plus or minus 0-08mV). After TV + P the waveform was more sinusoidal in shape, being recorded more often in the delayed tests (91-7 plus or minus 2-7%) than in the immediate tests (41-4 plus or minus 8-9%) although the mean amplitude between the immediate (0-090 plus or minus 0-06 mV) and delayed tests (0-94 plus or minus 0-07 mV) was not significantly different. The only significant change in the myoelectrical activity with the passage of time after vagotomy was an increase in the percentage activity.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1973

The effects of varying the extent of the vagotomy on the myoelectrical and motor activity of the stomach.

The effects of varying the extent of vagotomy on the myoelectrical and motor activity of the stomach have been successfully studied in 21 patients undergoing either truncal, selective, or highly selective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. The mean percentage time that regular antral myoelectrical activity was recorded preoperatively was 95.8% +/- 1.0 and this was decreased following highly selective vagotomy (74.0% +/- 6.6), selective vagotomy (37.8% +/- 12.4), and truncal vagotomy (30.2% +/- 10.4). The mean amplitude of the pacesetter potential was less following truncal (0.86 mV +/- 0.05), selective (1.32 mV +/- 0.09), and highly selective vagotomy (1.67 +/- 0.09) than in preoperative studies (2.21 mV +/- 0.12). Following truncal and selective vagotomies the triphasic waveform of the pacesetter potential changed to a sinusoidal shape. No significant change in the mean preoperative frequency of the myoelectrical activity (3.03 cpm +/- 0.08) occurred after vagotomy. Thus the changes in the electrical activity of the stomach are related to the extent of the vagal denervation. Intravenous administration of insulin did not alter these patterns except after highly selective vagotomy when the amplitude of the electrical waves, the incidence of action potentials, and percentage motor activity were increased.

Action Potentials↗