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Biomedical subjects

C J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C J Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Characterization of lymphocytotoxic antibodies causing a positive crossmatch in renal transplantation. Relationship to primary and regraft outcome.

In a series of 123 renal transplants performed in the presence of a positive crossmatch (either peak positive-current positive or peak positive-current negative), we have analyzed the immunoglobulin class and specificity of the donor-reactive antibodies. The immunoglobulin class was determined by dithiothreitol reduction and the specificity by cytotoxicity inhibition using monomorphic antibodies specific for HLA class I, DR, and DQ antigens. There was good primary graft and regraft survival in the presence of peak positive and current positive crossmatches due to IgM non-HLA antibodies. There was also acceptable primary graft and regraft survival with peak positive-current negative crossmatches due to T and B cell IgM HLA class I antibodies, but not with IgG HLA class I antibodies. Positive B cell crossmatches due to IgM or IgG HLA antibodies were associated with good primary graft survival but poor regraft survival.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

HLA type in bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid and linear IgA disease.

In a study of 32 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), 16 patients with cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) and 10 patients with linear IgA disease (LAD) no significant association was found between these diseases and HLA type of the A, B, C and DR loci. In order to determine whether HLA type modified the clinical expression of these subepidermal diseases, the results were analysed for any association with mucosal involvement, the presence of scarring or the occurrence of a circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibody. No significant associations were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

HLA class I antigens in severe RSV bronchiolitis.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) recognize virus-infected cells in association with HLA class I antigens. There is strong evidence of the importance of CTL in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. We looked for but were unable to demonstrate an association between particular HLA class I antigens and severe RSV bronchiolitis in infants.

Bronchiolitis, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Image analysis of fundus photographs. The detection and measurement of exudates associated with diabetic retinopathy.

A computer-based image analysis system was used to detect and measure exudates in fundus photographs. A fundus transparency was imaged, digitized, and stored in image memory. The stored image was then processed by several operators, to reduce shade variations in the image background and enhance the contrast between this background and the exudates. Exudates were separated from the background on the basis of their brightness or "gray level" and were then copied in to a binary image. For comparative purposes, the binary image was superimposed on the original unprocessed image. Exudate areas were measured using the binary image, which was also transferred to a printer to provide a permanent record or "exudate map." The system was able to discriminate between standard photographs used to grade hard exudates in the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). It was also used to monitor the response of a subject to laser treatment.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1988

Detection of cow's milk protein intolerance by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Circulating IgG antibodies to cow's milk proteins have been quantified in 182 children using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody levels in children with cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) were compared with those in control groups comprising other diarrhoeal diseases, atopic children, and a "normal" sample including children with toddler diarrhoea. Mean IgG antibody levels in children with CMPI were significantly higher than in any of the control groups. There were clear differences in peak antibody levels between CMPI and all other groups for each of the protein fractions tested. There was some overlap in titres between CMPI and other enteropathies but the assay gave 88% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CMPI overall and was 100% specific against the combination of non-enteropathic controls in this study. These findings indicate that the assay could be applied as an outpatient screening test for CMPI and would be particularly useful in differentiating "toddler" diarrhoea from CMPI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Transient neonatal galactosaemia.

A 4 week old infant who failed to thrive was found to have galactose in his urine. Plasma galactose concentration was grossly raised (4.48 mmol/l; reference range less than 0.24 mmol/l) but red cell transferase and epimerase activities were normal. He improved when dietary lactose was excluded. Clinical and biochemical tolerance to galactose was evident by 7 months of age.

Galactose↗
PubMed1988

Intestinal disease in cystic fibrosis.

Three children with cystic fibrosis developed steatorrhoea unresponsive to changes in pancreatic supplements. The final diagnoses were chronic giardiasis, stagnant loop syndrome, and Crohn's disease. Refractory intestinal symptoms in cystic fibrosis merit further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Failure to induce secretion in jejunal biopsies from children with cystic fibrosis.

The secretory activity of jejunal biopsies from children with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been investigated using a modified Ussing chamber technique. Samples from six children with CF failed to respond when challenged with the intestinal secretagogues acetylcholine (10(-3) M), prostaglandin E2 (1.4 X 10(-6) M) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-3) M), while control tissues exhibited rises in short circuit current of 28.1 (7.4) (6) microA/cm2, 23.4 (4.6) (6) microA/cm2 and 10.0 (2.0) (4) microA/cm2 respectively in response to these agents. The calcium ionophore, A23187 (3.8 X 10(-6) M), increased the short circuit current in all the control tissues (mean change = 10.1 (2.7) (5) microA/cm2) and induced a small response in some of the CF tissues. Both groups of tissues generated a rise in short circuit current associated with sodium linked glucose (10 mM/l) absorption (control = 32.6 (9.3) (6) microA/cm2, CF = 36.2 (13.9) (6) microA/cm2, p greater than 0.05). These results show that the defect in chloride transport observed in other epithelia in CF also exists in the jejunum and could contribute to the intestinal effects of the disease. The technique used should permit further studies of the basic defect and may be of diagnostic value.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Immunoglobulin class and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies after kidney transplantation.

The immunoglobulin class and specificity of the cytotoxic antibodies were investigated in sera collected during the first weeks following transplantation from 35 patients with functioning and 20 patients with failed grafts. No patient had had cytotoxic antibodies before the transplant, but 71.5% (25 of 35) of patients with functioning and 75% (15 of 20) of patients with failed graft subsequently developed them. The addition of dithiothreitol, which digests IgM antibodies, resulted in the disappearance of cytotoxicity in all positive sera from patients with a functioning graft. However, in the patients with failed grafts, the immunoglobulin class of the antibody varied; seven patients had only IgM antibodies, and seven had both IgM and IgG. After graft nephrectomy, IgG antibodies appeared in another six patients. In five of six patients with functioning grafts, mouse monoclonal antibodies blocked the cytotoxic activity; four with HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies (Leu 10), one with HLA Class I (GD5). In the patients with failed grafts, blocking was seen in all nine patients studied; eight by GD5, six by Leu 10, and two by a monoclonal antibody to a monomorphic determinant of HLA-DR (100/77). Although the frequency of antibody-positive patients was similar in the successful and failed groups, the immunoglobulin class of the antibodies developed was IgM in the former group, whereas in the latter group some were IgM and others were IgG. Characterisation of the antibodies could be useful in the interpretation of a positive cross-match, since IgG antibodies are damaging to the graft whereas IgM antibodies are not.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism of action of minoxidil sulfate-induced vasodilation: a role for increased K+ permeability.

The mechanism of smooth muscle relaxing effect of minoxidil sulfate (MxSO4) was investigated in isolated rabbit superior mesenteric artery. MxSO4 (5 X 10(-6) M) was found to effectively relax maximal norepinephrine (NE; at 5 X 10(-6) M) contraction, but failed to relax 80 mM K+-induced contraction. MxSO4-induced relaxation was endothelium independent. When the tissues were exposed to increased extracellular K+ (10-25 mM), and then contracted with NE, the relaxation response to MxSO4 was significantly attenuated. Tetraethylammonium (5-10 mM) pretreatment caused pronounced inhibition of MxSO4-induced relaxation. Pretreatment with ouabain (0.5-5 microM) also significantly inhibited MxSO4 relaxation. This effect of ouabain was found to be due to its effect on K+ gradient. These data suggested a role of K+ permeability during MxSO4 relaxation which was further confirmed when it was found that MxSO4 can cause a significant stimulation of 42K efflux from the mesenteric artery preloaded with 42K. It is suggested that MxSO4 may act as a K+ channel agonist to affect the plasmalemmal Ca++ permeability during agonist activation. Consistent with this, MxSO4 was demonstrated to cause an inhibition of NE-stimulated 45Ca influx in this tissue. Such a strong dependence on K+ permeability makes MxSO4 a unique vasodilator among the clinically used vasodilators.

Animals↗