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Biomedical subjects

C J de Campos

Publications and source records attributed to C J de Campos.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of cerebral vascular pathologies in epileptic patients].

Surgery of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and of cavernous angiomas (cavernoma) in the majority of cases is indicated subsequently to episodes of bleeding. With the development of techniques for diagnosis and surgery for epilepsy of difficult control, indication for surgery of these vascular lesions has become greater. We present nine patients with cerebral vascular lesions and very frequent crises in spite of adequate clinical treatment. Ages ranged from 12 to 42 years with an average of 25 years; there was a prevalence of the male sex (2:1). Surgery consisted of exercises of the lesion in all cases and in four there was also resection of the perilesional irritative area shown by electrocorticography. The pathologic study of lesions showed five cases of cavernoma, three cases of AVM, and one case of venous angioma. As to localization, we observed three lesions in the temporal lobe, four in the frontal, and two in the parietal region. Outpatient follow-up showed a reduction in crises in all of the patients, and seven evolved seizure free following surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Hemispheric functional specialization in motor aphasia. Neurophysiologic findings with computerized electroencephalographic brain mapping during musical and oral sound stimulation. Study of 2 cases].

This study concerns about brain electrical activity during auditory stimulation in 2 aphasic patients, one with classical (left hemisphere lesion) and another with cross aphasia (right hemisphere lesion). Both cases were submitted to dichotic listening test (consonant-vowel-consonant task) and music audition (gregorian chant), during brain mapping examination. We found, in both cases, a great proportion in delta frequency and power in non-lesional hemisphere during dichotic and musical stimulation. Besides, increasing in frequency of alpha activity was observed only in the non-lesional hemisphere restricted to temporal lobe region. Such findings suggest an interesting field of research about measurements of neurophysiological correlates of auditory stimulation and brain electrical activity in aphasia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

[Sex differences of visual attention in cryptogenic partial epilepsy].

The performance in visual verbal and non-verbal attentional tests was studied in 14 male and 18 female control subjects and 33 patients with cryptogenic partial epilepsy. The epileptic group was formed of 17 men and 16 women with no evidence of brain damage in CT scan examinations. Interictal epileptiform activity was observed only unilaterally, either in the right (8 male, 8 female) or left (9 male, 8 female) temporal lobes. The performance of epileptic men in visual tests was similar to that of normal men. On the other hand, the performance of epileptic women was worse than that of normal women. These results seem in accordance with the literature that suggests that visual attention in women depends on the functional integrity of both cerebral hemispheres. In men, verbal visual attention is suggested to occur in the left cerebral hemisphere while non-verbal processes, predominantly in the right cerebral hemisphere. Further studies are necessary for the understanding of these sexual differences in cerebral hemispheric asymmetry.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Epilepsy and anxiety.

We have analyzed 155 subjects with STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory): 75 epileptic patients and 80 normal subjects used as a control group. A higher trait-anxiety score (chronic anxiety) than that of controls was found for the epileptic group. For the epileptic group higher levels of the A-trait occurred in patients with EEG abnormalities with left temporal localization. We have also observed that the shorter the epilepsy lasts (less than two years), the higher the trait-anxiety levels. Convulsions and awareness loss during epileptic seizures do not modify state and trait-anxiety scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Compliance in epilepsy. II. Practical aspects].

Therapeutic regimen compliance was assessed in 84 epileptic patients. The compliance measurement was based on two interviews, one has been taken by the physician and the other by the nurse. Most patients (72.6%) were detected as non-compliance by the nurse's interview. The forgetfulness of drugs intake was found in 50% subjects. The treatment length and changes from Medical Centers were negatively associated with compliance. Our findings point out the important role of detailed interview in order to detect the most influencing factors in compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Rolandic epilepsy: report of 53 cases].

The clinical and EEG features of 53 out-patients with benign partial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes were studied. The age mean (years) of seizures onset was 5.5 +/- 3.2. Simple partial seizures with speech arrest were more frequent than other seizure types. In seven cases (13.2%) cognitive disabilities were present. In the left-side foci a expected correlation between the interictal EEG focus and clinical lateralization of seizure was observed; in the right-side foci, the right-side interictal focus was correlated with ipsilateral seizures.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Photosensitivity in primary and secondary epilepsies].

A retrospective study was performed on 34 patients with photosensitivity detected on the electroencephalogram. This group was compared to an aleatory sample, with 218 patients. The objectives were to evaluate the photosensitivity and: type of epilepsy, age of onset of seizures, sex ratio, frequency of seizures, and family history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Auditory extinction and dichotic listening CV task in cerebral infarction: preliminary report.

Six stroke patients were studied using a dichotic listening CV task, 4 with left hemisphere infarction, 2 with right hemisphere infarction. It was observed a "lesion-effect", a shift of hemisphere prevalence to the side opposite a brain lesion. The authors suggest that the lesion-effect can be explained by the auditory extinction phenomenon at the linguistic level.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1990

Photoparoxysmal responses.

Sixty-five outpatients with photoparoxysmal response (PPR) during routine EEG were studied. The PPR showed prevalence in women (75.4%). Seizures were found in 66.1% of cases. The rest recordings were abnormal in 41.8% with prevalence of generalized paroxysm. Eight patterns of PPR were observed, being polyspike mixed to slow wave the most frequent (53%). The epileptic group showed a bimodal distribution in the several bands of photic stimulation, near 8 and 20-24 Hz. A sustained paroxysmal abnormality persisting after the photic stimulation was present in 6 epileptic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Photosensitive epilepsy: report of 2 cases].

Reports on photosensitive epilepsy are uncommon. The authors review the literature, and special attention is given to television epilepsy. Two cases are reported and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Catecholaminergic influences on induced hippocampal paroxysmal activity in rats.

Brain catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) seem to suppress certain forms of epileptic activity. In this paper we report the catecholaminergic influences on hippocampal paroxysmal activity in rats induced through hippocampal electrical stimulation via stereotaxic electrode placements. The experiments included: (1) systemic injections of clonidine (0.10 mg/kg); phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg); propranolol (10 mg/kg); apomorphine (1 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and (2) electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus ipsilateral to the stimulated hippocampus. The clonidine group showed a great reduction, while animals which received phenoxybenzamine showed a significant increase in the electrographic seizure activity. Propranolol produced only a transient reduction of epileptic activity. We did not observe any significant change in the epileptic discharges following apomorphine and haloperidol injections. Electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus induced a clear enhancement of the epileptiform activity. The results presented here support the view that noradrenergic, but not dopaminergic systems, may exert a tonic inhibitor effect on hippocampal epileptic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Modification of the "kindling" method for obtaining experimental status epilepticus in rats].

Taber et al. (1977) introduced new model of epilepsy to obtain experimental status epilepticus in mice, through a modification of the kindling method (Goddard et al. 1969). The aim of this paper is to report the effect of Taber's modification on a new animal specie (rats). Bipolar, twisted steel electrodes were stereotaxically implanted into the CA1-CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus. After one week the animals received 2 h stimulation sessions, one stimulus per minute, during which a sustained electrographical and behavioral seizures were induced. Different patterns of electrographical discharges as well as tonic-clonic convulsions were observed. The animals which were submitted to 3 stimulating sessions respectively 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery showed an increase in the epileptic activity. This has been interpreted as a plastic neural modification of the hippocampus similar to that observed during learning and memory consolidation. In comparison to other inducing kindling methods this one permits a more rapid elicitation of the phenomenon. For this reason this method will provide a good epilepsy model for the study of anticonvulsant drugs and basic mechanisms involved in the epileptic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A study of the action of anticonvulsant drugs on an experimental model of epilepsy.

Repeated electrical low intensity stimulation of various regions of the brain has been shown to induce epileptic seizure activity. This experimental model of epilepsy has been used in our laboratory in rats. Male rats, anaesthetized with nembutal (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and ketalar (60 mg/kg, i.p.) were implanted stereotaxically with electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus and neocortex and received 2 hours stimulation sessions via the hippocampal electrodes (1 sec, 60 Hz, 200-800 microA) one stimulus per minute, during which electrographical and behavioral seizures were induced. The effect of anticonvulsant drugs was tested on this model: phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) reduced the quantity of epileptic electrographic activity and abolished the behavioral aspects of the seizures; diphenylhydantoin (20 mg/kg) reduced the quantity of epileptic electrographic activity, but had no effect on the behavioral component of the seizures; diazepam (6 mg/kg) only blocked the behavioral component of the seizures leaving the animal stuporous and immobile, but the electrographical component was unaffected; carbamazepine (10 mg/kg) had no effect on the electrographical epileptic seizures and reduced the behavioral aspects, but to a lesser extent than diazepam.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Refractory epilepsies].

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of multidisciplinary evaluation and general aspects of intractable epilepsies such as age at the onset, etiologic factors, CT scan findings, electroencephalographic abnormalities, types of epileptic seizures, adherence, and crisis-triggering factors. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective. SITE: Department of Epilepsy Research and Treatment (SITE)--São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENTS: Analysis encompassed 80 epileptic patients registered with the SITE, who had one or more crises per week, with a minimum follow-up of one year, older than 13 and seen between August and October 1989. INVESTIGATIONS: psychologic, social, nursing, and neurologic evaluations. Treatment performed with antiepileptic drugs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Mean age at onset of epilepsy = 12.6 years; 70% of patients have symptomatic partial epilepsy; 66.2% had epilepsy onset after 5 years of age; 80% have had epilepsy for more than 10 years; etiology was not determined in 47.5% of the cases and, in 22.5%, it was due to neurocysticercosis; 88.7% of the patients were having anti-epileptic polytherapy; 50% of the patients did not adhere to the treatment; 56.25% reported emotional originating factors; 60% were socially non-adjusted; 30% had abnormal EEG in the right temporal lobe; 26.2% in the left temporal lobe; 21.2% had normal EEG plotting, and the remainder had their EEG with focal abnormalities in other locations. CONCLUSIONS: The authors accept the fact that a patient who does not lead a balanced social, affective, and emotional life should be classified as a probable case of intractable epilepsy. The authors observed that a large portion of the patients could be seen as pseudodifficult treatment cases, since 50% were non-adherent to treatment, and 56.25% reported the presence of emotional originating factors. As most of these patients have social and psychological maladjustments, perhaps due to their high incidence of epileptic crises, they may be cases of intractable epilepsies.

Adolescent↗