PubMed1992
The physiological phenomenon of changes in callus formation during distraction was first described by Codivilla at the beginning of this century. Having investigated and proved the influence of tension stress on callus formation, Ilizarov used this as a method to treat limb shortening and deformities. Because of his remarkable results we introduced this method in our hospital in 1990, using the original Ilizarov ring fixator. From November 1990 to December 1991, we used this technique in 10 cases of combined post-traumatic bone shortening with deformity (the tibia was affected in six patients, the femur in three and the forearm in one). The mean shortening was 3.1 cm, the mean varus or valgus deformity 9.5 degrees, the mean anteflexion or recurvation 8.3 degrees, and the mean rotation deformity 8.5 degrees. Distraction/correction lasted between 8 and 55 days (mean: 37 days). Fixation was necessary for between 60 and 339 days. If corticotomy was performed in the diaphyseal bone, fixation lasted almost twice as long (11.33 days/mm lengthening) as in the metaphyseal area (6.55 days/mm lengthening). There were 14 complications, most of which were considered minor. The latter included pin infections (4), wire breaking (1) and restricted range of motion of the knee or ankle (5). Among the major complications were two nerve irritations, which recovered spontaneously, and two pin-induced local bone infections, which required surgical intervention. Achievement of the goals of treatment-complete correction of shortening and deformity-was not affected by these complications.