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Biomedical subjects

C Jacobsson

Publications and source records attributed to C Jacobsson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

How people with stroke and healthy older people experience the eating process.

The aim of this study was to describe the process of eating, experiences of eating and oral functions. Participants consisted of 30 people with first stroke and localization of the damage verified by computer topography (CT), and 15 healthy older people. All were observed during test-meals, interviewed about eating, and oral functions were tested. The results demonstrated that most (21) people with stroke had some difficulties in eating and expressed feelings of fear and shame about eating and changed physical and social appearance, mainly related to difficulties in preparing and transporting food to the mouth as well as swallowing deficits.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Geriatric-based versus general wards for older acute medical patients: a randomized comparison of outcomes and use of resources.

BACKGROUND: The effects of residence in an acute geriatrics-based ward (AGW) with emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning for older patients with acute medical illnesses were assessed. Outcome and use of resources were compared with those of patients treated in general medical wards (MWs). A per-protocol rather than intention-to-treat analysis was performed. METHODS: A randomized trial with 3-months follow-up. A total of 190 patients aged 70 years and older were randomized to an acute geriatrics-based ward, and 223 patients were randomized to general medical wards. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable at inclusion. However, after care in the AGW, 71% of patients could be discharged directly home compared with 64% of those treated in MWs (relative risk 1.17; 95% CI, 0.93-1.49). The length of stay was shorter in the AGW (mean 5.9 vs 7.3 days; P = .002). The proportion of patients in geriatric or other hospital wards or in nursing homes did not differ, but the proportion of AGW patients in sheltered living tended to be lower (P = .085). At the follow-up, case fatality, ADL function, psychological well-being, need for daily personal assistance, drug consumption, need for readmission to hospital, and total health care costs after discharge did not differ between the two groups. Poor global outcome was observed in 37% of AGW and 34% of MW patients. CONCLUSIONS: A geriatric approach with greater emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning in the AGW shortened the length of hospital stay and may have reduced the need for long-term institutional living. This occurred despite patients in an acute geriatric ward not having better medical or functional outcome than older acute patients treated in general medical wards.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Outcomes of individualized interventions in patients with severe eating difficulties.

The aim of this case study is to describe the outcomes of individualized interventions for patients with severe eating difficulties. The participants were 15 patients who had severe eating difficulties following a stroke or brain tumor and were receiving oral feeding or tube feeding. Interventions focused on training functions needed for eating, activities in eating, and discussions with the patient. Improvements were especially noted in eating activities, and some improvements were noted in oral movements and nutritional status. Before the interventions, none of the patients ate regular food; afterward, six did, and in four patients, the feeding tube was removed. The patients said eating was easier, and they could eat in a safe way. Furthermore, they appreciated the attention to their experience during meals. Although the impairments were not always alleviated, the patients found means to cope with their eating difficulties.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Effects of vitamin B6 on beta-aminoproprionitrile-induced palatal cleft formation in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of beta-aminoproprionitrile and vitamin B6 on palatal clefting. METHOD: In four groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN; 600 mg/kg b.w.) was given by gavage on embryonal day 15, 7 hours to induce palatal clefts. Vitamin B6 (10 mg/kg b.w., IM) was given twice on embryonal day 14, 7 hours and on day 15, 7 hours. The possibility that the food's content of vitamin B6 affected the results was also tested. Palatal cleft formation was divided into four different grades, ranging from no cleft formation to total cleft formation. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: It was found that BAPN induces cleft palate in rat fetuses and that this defect can be prevented both in number and severity by administration of vitamin B6 before and simultaneously with BAPN.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Clinical appearance of spontaneous and induced first and second branchial arch syndromes.

The clinical appearance was investigated of 29 patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis, 26 with hemifacial microsomia, and seven with thalidomide-induced malformations affecting derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. Malformations of the external ear, ear canal, middle ear, zygoma, maxilla, mandible, and lower eye lid were prominent features of the syndromes. Facial nerve and 6th cranial nerve paralysis as well as anophthalmia or microphthalmia were seen only in patients with hemifacial microsomia and in the thalidomide-induced syndrome. We compared the clinical results with those in an animal model in which an induced first and second branchial arch syndrome depends on disturbed migration of neural crest cell during early embryogenesis. The critical time for a similar process in humans would be between the 20th and 29th days of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Teratological studies on craniofacial malformations.

Craniofacial malformations cause great human suffering. The purpose of the experimental studies was to investigate teratogenically induced craniofacial malformations in the rat, and to study if vitamin B6 could prevent the teratogenically induced malformations in the rat. The aim of the clinical investigation was to compare mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and thalidomide-induced malformations restricted to the first and second branchial arches. In the experimental studies we used two different teratogenic agents, etretinate and BAPN (beta-aminoproprionitrile). Vitamin B6 was administered one day prior to and simultaneously with the teratogenic agent. The induced malformations were observed by direct microscopy, histology, differential staining, microdissection and enzyme histochemistry. Knowledge of isoenzymic differentiation was obtained by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The clinical features of 29 patients with MFD, 26 with HFM and seven with thalidomide-induced malformations were investigated. The patients underwent clinical investigations, radiography, tomography, computed tomography, surgical exploration and audiograms. The etretinate-induced syndrome in the rat shows similarities to first and second branchial arch syndromes in man. Defective formation of Meckel's cartilage and the cartilaginous skull base, the zygoma and the middle ear ossicles were prominent features of the observed malformations. The induced malformations were accompanied by increased staining for alkaline phosphatase (APase) in the skull and skull base cartilages and Meckel's cartilage. BAPN induced cleft palate in 95% of the cases and the teratogenically induced cleft palate was accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern that could be traced by determination of isoenzymes in the palatal shelves as well as in amniotic fluid. Vitamin B6 could prevent the teratogenic malformations induced by etretinate and BAPN in the rat. Comparing MFD, HFM and thalidomide-induced malformations, all syndromes included patients with external, middle and inner ear malformations. Cranial nerve palsy/paresis was only seen in HFM and thalidomide-induced malformations. A relationship between disturbed neural crest cell migration and defects of the first and second branchial arches seems possible.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Eating despite severe difficulties: assessment of poststroke eating.

A programme for the assessment and nursing diagnoses of eating difficulties among stroke patients was tested. The patients' experiences regarding eating were expressed in interviews and dialogues. Eating was observed during both a test meal and regular meals. The assessments included the prerequisites for eating as well as oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal functions. General and specific nursing diagnoses as well as life consequences (handicap) were established, based on assessment of disabilities and impairments, and interviewing the patients and their families, respectively. The general nursing diagnoses were formulated on admission after the test meal and these were reformulated to form specific nursing diagnoses after assessments of the functions. The programme presented proved to be useful in clinical practice. It is emphasized that many assessments must be co-ordinated for each individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of induced cleft palate in rats from defective patterns of differentiation of isoenzymes.

Cleft palate was induced in 420 embryos of Sprague-Dawley rats with a single oral dose of 600 mg/kg beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) on embryonal day 15, 7 hours. The cleft palate was accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern of various isoenzymes in palatal shelves. These isoenzymes could be detected in amniotic fluid from the 16th to the 20th days of pregnancy when they also had a pathological differentiation pattern. We conclude that teratogenically induced cleft palate in rats is accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern that can be traced by determination of isoenzymes in the palatal shelves as well as in amniotic fluid.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1991

Enzyme histochemical analysis of craniofacial malformations induced by retinoids.

Craniofacial malformations were induced in 256 embryos from 32 pregnant rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg etretinate at 8.5 days gestation. The litters developed several malformations including microtia, low set and dorsally placed outer ears, defective middle ear ossicles, short cochleas, defectively differentiated Meckel's cartilages, micrognathia, rudimentary malar bones, lateral facial clefts, fistulas, and skin tags, all of which tissues are derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. The teratogenically induced syndrome shows similarities to the mandibulofacial dysostosis syndrome in man. The defects were accompanied by a change in the histochemical differentiation and location of various enzymes in the craniofacial tissues.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of etretinate-induced craniofacial malformations by vitamin B6 in the rat.

The preventive effect of vitamin B6 on etretinate-induced malformations in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. The etretinate-induced malformation was produced by intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg etretinate at embryonal day 8.5. Vitamin B6 was administered as intramuscular injections at embryonal day 7.5 and 8.5. Vitamin B6 reduced the number and severity of facial clefts, micrognatia, meningocele, microtia and blood vessel anomalies. It is suggested that vitamin B6 induces suppressive effects on etretinate-induced teratogenesis when administered before or at the same time as the teratogen.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etretinate-induced malformation of the first two branchial arches: differential staining and microdissection study of embryonic cartilage.

Malformations of the cranial base, temporal bone and middle ear were induced in the offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 10-30 mg/kg etretinate (Tigasone) at days 8.5-10.5 of gestation. By differential staining of the embryonic craniofacial cartilage and bone, and microdissection of the otomandibular complex, the induced malformations were studied specifically. Defective formations of Meckel's cartilage and the cartilaginous skull base were found to be prominent features of the malformation. The malformation included defective middle-ear ossicles; especially the malleus and incus were fused with a shorter than normal long process and manubrium. In conjunction with the distal part of Meckel's cartilage, mandibular micrognathia was observed. All of the malformed tissues are derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. The teratogenically induced defects in the rat embryos show some similarities to the clinical syndromes of the first and second branchial arches in man.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗