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Biomedical subjects

C Jagger

Publications and source records attributed to C Jagger.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The association between visual impairment and mortality in elderly people.

By linking together the results from two surveys of elderly people in an English community it has been possible to consider visual impairment as a possible risk factor for mortality in people aged 75 years and over. Although minor degrees of visual impairment are associated with an increased mortality rate, blind people survive better than those with less serious visual impairments. Associations are considered between visual impairment and other known risk factors for mortality in the elderly. Visual impairment is shown to be associated with degree of social contact, whether a person lives alone, dementia score, physical activity score and number of unmet needs.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Is the human platelet beta 2 adrenoceptor coupled to adenylate cyclase?

The presence of beta 2 adrenoceptors on the human platelet is well established although the coupling of this receptor to adenylate cyclase is disputed. In this study of highly purified platelets isoprenaline did not stimulate whole platelet cyclic AMP alone or in the presence of forskolin. Minimal contamination of the purified platelets (approximately 0.05%) with mononuclear white blood cells may lead to the spurious appearance of isoprenaline stimulated cAMP. These results confirm our previous findings of lack of coupling of the human platelet beta 2 adrenoceptor to adenylate cyclase and indicate the importance of purity of preparation for platelet biochemical studies.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1988

Age, sex, ethnic origin and tonsillectomy.

The age-related sex ratios for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and tonsillectomy have been calculated in different populations. Differences in these sex ratios have been found at different ages, and differences between populations have also been found. Various reasons are proposed to account for these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mortality risks in the elderly: five-year follow-up of a total population.

The health and social status was assessed by interview for all people aged 75 years and over, living in and around Melton Mowbray. This initial survey took place in 1981 and five years later, data are now available on the mortality status of the original survey population. Significantly lower survival rates were found for various subgroups including those respondents who perceived their health poor, those with high disability scores and severe cognitive impairment and those taking hypoglycaemic agents and diuretics.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The elderly at home: indices of disability.

The physical status of all people aged 75 and over living in and around Melton Mowbray was assessed by the responses to a series of questions on the activities of daily living that the respondents could perform. Three methods of producing an index of disability from these separate questions are investigated: principal component analysis, Guttman scaling, and a variation of Guttman scaling known as severity grading. All the methods produced very similar rankings of persons, confirming the suggestion of Bebbington that the choice of scaling method is of little consequence. Two scales emerged: one measuring physical ability and the other the level of urinary and faecal incontinence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

The elderly at home: health and social status.

The health, social status and contacts with services of all people over the age of seventy-five living at home in and around Melton Mowbray was assessed by interview. Nearly half the sample (46%) lived alone, and just over a third (37%) were married. Most respondents were able to complete the basic activities of daily living without any assistance. The apparent prevalence of dementia at 1.6% was lower than had been found in previous population studies. The levels of social contact were similar to those reported previously. While service provision compared well with that found in other studies, only a relatively small proportion of the population were in receipt of nursing, paramedical and social services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Survival and functional capacity: three year follow up of an elderly population in hospitals and homes.

A three year mortality study was undertaken of a population of 4490 people aged 65 and over in all types of hospitals and homes provided within a defined geographical area. The rate of survival consistently fell with increasing incapacity in mobility, incontinence, washing/dressing, and feeding. The effect was independent of differences in age, sex, and duration of stay. Differences in survival between patients and residents of National Health Service hospitals (geriatric, psychiatric, acute) and homes for the elderly did not persist after adjustment for variations between populations in level of incapacity, age, and sex. An assessment based on ability to perform basic items of self care is easily undertaken and understood by staff in different settings. It allows homogeneous groups of elderly people to be identified despite a diverse range of underlying diseases and could provide the basis for planning and evaluating services and rehabilitation regimens.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge, uptake and availability of health and social services among Asian Gujarati and white elderly persons.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors affecting the uptake of health and social services by elderly Asian Gujarati. METHODS: Four hundred and five Hindu Gujaratis and 381 whites aged 65 years and over residing in Leicester were randomly sampled from the Leicestershire District FHSA list by a computerized method based on linguistic analysis of the patient's name. One hundred and fifty Hindu Gujaratis and 152 whites were interviewed with response rates of 72% for the Asian Gujaratis and 80% for the white groups. The outcome measures were the activities of daily living (ADLs), incontinence, auditory/ visual deficits, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment (measured by the Mini-mental State Examination), depression, use of GP and hospital services, knowledge of community health and social services, willingness to use, suitability and cultural accessibility. RESULTS: The poorer uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati could not be explained by better health. They were significantly more likely to be dependent in six of the 14 ADLs and had higher rates of diabetes and impaired vision. Significantly more Asian Gujaratis than whites lived with others (84 versus 52%, p < 0.0001) with a greater availability of alternative sources of help and support. The knowledge and understanding of services were significantly poorer in the Gujarati group; fewer Asian Gujaratis knew how to apply for services and of those applying, fewer had been successful. Where services had been obtained, the levels of dissatisfaction were higher in the Gujarati group. The literacy rates were low in the Gujarati sample with 79% being unable to read or write in English and 27% unable to read or write in their mother tongue. CONCLUSIONS: The lower uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati is not the result of better health but may be explained by greater family support together with a lack of knowledge of and dissatisfaction with what is available. Health services will need to reappraise and revise some of their practices if they are to cater adequately for this growing population with many needs as yet unmet.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paediatric cardiology in a sub-regional cardiothoracic unit.

The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of referrals the number of admissions, cardiac catheterisations and surgical procedures-including outcome-in infants and children referred to a sub-regional cardiothoracic unit during a 6-year period. The unit is served by one paediatric cardiologist and four general cardiothoracic surgeons, two of whom undertake paediatric surgery. Referrals were received from within the Trent Regional Health Authority, and from three other health Regions. During the study period 2,097 infants and children were admitted to the unit with cardiac disease, and 730 underwent cardiac surgery. The proportion of admissions undergoing surgery increased significantly with time, as did the neonatal and infant surgical procedures and infant surgical procedures. Overall, the surgical mortality did not alter with time, and was comparable to the national average. The results show an increase in the demand for cardiac investigations and surgery, and this was most evident in infants, particularly for open procedures. This unit serves a large population with proven needs, and the number of children treated falls within the range of existing supra-regional centres. The combination of available expertise, and a cost-effective patient outcome measure, should place such units in a category of high priority for resource allocation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗