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Biomedical subjects

C Janus

Publications and source records attributed to C Janus.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Combined modality therapy increasing local control of pancreatic cancer.

Twenty patients with inoperable locally advanced Stage II and III pancreatic cancer were treated with combined modality therapy. Radiotherapy consisted of split courses of 2000 cGy each and, as needed, an additional 1400 cGy, separated by 2-week intervals. Simultaneous multidrug regimen chemotherapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil, continuous infusion, 1 g/m2 days 1-5; streptozotocin, 300-500 mg/m2 days 1, 2, 3; and cisplatin, 100 mg/m2 day 3 of every 4-week radiotherapy course (RT-FSP). Primary tumors decreased more than 50% in volume in 11 of 20 patients. Computed tomography scans demonstrated apparent complete disappearance of the primary tumor in 7 patients. Only 3 patients had tumor regrowth within the radiotherapy field, all after the end of radiotherapy. Local control improved as measured by increased frequency of tumor shrinkage and decreased frequency of primary tumor growth, recognizing the limitations of a pilot study and comparisons to best historical results achieved with standard short 5-fluorouracil schedules and radiotherapy. Successful local control largely eliminates the most common cause of refractory pain and may decrease the need for some forms of early palliative surgical intervention. Tumor shrinkage sometimes downstages tumors, creating frequent investigational opportunities for either elective extirpative surgery or intraoperative radiotherapy. This pilot experience also supports testing of expanded eligibility staging criteria for combined modality treatment and testing of new drugs as part of 5-fluorouracil-radiotherapy-based regimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: appearance on magnetic resonance imaging.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a variable appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study reviews and categorizes the MRI findings of this entity in a sample of 26 men. Cases where atypical or suspicious changes are incidental findings should be reported to the urologist for further investigation. In addition, familiarity with both the appearance of the normal prostate and the changes caused by BPH is necessary when staging patients with known prostate cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Gynecologic magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent modality with which to delineate normal anatomic structures and a variety of pathologic conditions in the female pelvis. It excels at demonstrating the extent of local tumor involvement in cases of endometrial and cervical cancer. It can help to elucidate the origin and nature of a variety of benign pelvic masses in cases where ultrasound findings are equivocal, and it is an accurate tool in demonstrating congenital abnormalities of the female reproductive tract. As technology continues to evolve, MRI will likely assume an even greater role in evaluating the female pelvis.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study of computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical staging for the detection of early cervix cancer.

Sixteen patients with cervical cancer underwent radical surgery following standard clinical staging, MRI, and CT. The sensitivity of the CT scan was 14%, the specificity 100%. MRI had a sensitivity of 28% and a specificity of 64%. The clinical stage was correct in 10 of 16 patients (62%). CT and MRI are not individually or collectively better than clinical staging in predicting extent of disease, and currently should not be included in the FIGO staging for cervix cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Development of sex differences in the response of spiny mouse pups to adult male odors.

Using a three-choice preference test, olfactory-mediated investigatory activity in response to adult male urine odor was examined in a precocially active rodent, the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) aged between 3-26 days. Temporally related sex differences were seen in the time spent in the presence of the odors of father's or unfamiliar adult male's urine, or distilled (control) water. Neither male nor female pups discriminated between odors from the father and strange adult males. After the first olfactory test, when the pups were aged between four and six days, male pups strongly preferred to stay in the vicinity of urine odors of adult males, whereas female pups avoided odors of adult males and remained in the enclosure with the control odor source. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a behavioral sex difference related to olfaction has been shown to occur in young rodent pups. We suggest that the sexually dimorphic response of the pups is associated with the development of later sex differences in behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Uterine leiomyosarcoma--magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) scanning shows great promise as an imaging tool to evaluate the pelvis as a result of contrast resolution and lack of ionizing radiation. For these reasons, it is assuming an important role in staging gynecologic neoplasms, and evaluating diseases in the gravid pelvis. A case of uterine leiomyosarcoma is presented in which MR imaging was able to delineate the extent and tissue characteristics of the lesion more precisely than CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nabothian cysts stimulating an adnexal mass.

Nabothian (retention) cysts are common gynecologic findings and rarely of clinical significance. This case report describes the presence of large and numerous Nabothian cysts stimulating an adnexal mass.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1989

The development of olfactory preferences for artificial odors briefly experienced by the precocial spiny mouse young.

Groups of pups, aged 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, and 18 days of the precocial murid rodent spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus), were each exposed for 1.5 h to one of the experimental odors, cinnamon or cumin, present in the surrounding environment. The odors were not contingent upon home-cage odors or any other reinforcers. This simple exposure produced a strong preference for the exposed odor in multichoice preference tests carried out 48 h after the exposure in pups from groups aged 2 through 16 days. Older pups exposed to cinnamon or cumin at Day 18 did not show a significant preference for the familiar odor. Both experimental odors used were found to be neutral for control experimentally naive pups within a tested age span. These results point at a stimulus familiarity, rather than associative learning in the development of olfactory preferences in young spiny mouse pups.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Occult malignant breast lesions in 114 patients: relationship to age and the presence of microcalcifications.

This study evaluates the mammographic findings in 352 patients, aged 30-85 years, who underwent spot localization and biopsy for evaluation of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. Malignancy was found at biopsy in 114 cases. The mammographic appearance (specifically, whether grouped microcalcifications, mass, or both were present) was correlated with patient age and histologic findings (specifically, whether the pathologic changes were infiltrating or noninfiltrating in nature). The prevalence of malignant conditions increased directly with age. The presence of grouped microcalcifications as the sole indicator of malignancy was seen in 100% (seven of seven) of the patients in the 30-39-year age group, 64% (18 of 28) in the 40-49-year age group, 37% (11 of 30) in the 50-59-year age group, 30% (seven of 23) in the 60-69-year age group, and 23% (six of 26) in the 70-85-year age group. Of the 49 tumors that were manifested solely as microcalcifications, 34 (69%) were noninfiltrating. The finding of grouped microcalcifications should be aggressively investigated, since it may indicate noninfiltrating carcinoma in an early stage, when the potential for cure is greatest.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nonpalpable breast lesions: accuracy of prebiopsy mammographic diagnosis.

Mammograms of 220 patients who underwent spot localization for removal of nonpalpable breast lesions were reviewed for accuracy of interpretation. Results of subsequent biopsy indicated malignancy in 77 cases. The interpretations of mammograms obtained before biopsy were incorrect in 71 cases (27 false-negative and 44 false-positive studies). Among the false-negative cases, 70% of the abnormalities were determined histologically to be noninfiltrative cancers. An aggressive screening program with preoperative localization and biopsy is needed in questionable cases, since mammographic signs of early or nonpalpable malignancy are often subtle and nonspecific.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bilateral breast carcinoma: prospective evaluation of factors assisting diagnosis.

Bilateral primary breast cancers occur commonly enough to justify adoption of special pre- and post-initial therapy screening. A 13.2% incidence of bilateral breast carcinoma has been found in the breast cancer patients who presented to the Fox Chase Cancer Center with an operatively manageable primary in an arbitrarily defined 30-month period and who have been followed for at least 20 months thereafter. Of the 287 patients seen in those 30 months, 4.5% had synchronously detectable lesions. Xeroradiography is helpful in the initial and follow-up evaluation of the patient for detection of a second primary and may lead to the discovery of an earlier-stage lesion. A history of a family member having a breast cancer was shown to be significant, 26% and 24% for primary and secondary relatives, respectively, and warrant a special screening strategy. Recognition of these factors may lead to earlier detection of curable breast cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

An effective therapy for both undifferentiated (including Burkitt's) lymphomas and lymphoblastic lymphomas in children and young adults.

We have used a single intensive chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of young patients with diffuse, aggressive, malignant lymphomas. There were two major histologic types of lymphoma in our series: lymphoblastic lymphomas, which presented most often with mediastinal tumor (64%), and undifferentiated lymphomas (mostly Burkitt's lymphomas), which occurred predominantly in the abdomen (86%). Our objective was to examine the determinants of prognosis in a uniformly treated patient group that included 31 children (2-16 yr) and 34 young adults 17-35 yr). Patients with extensive bone marrow involvement (greater than 50% replacement by tumor cells) were included in the study. Treatment consisted essentially of a 4-drug combination (cytoxan, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) alternating with a 42-hr methotrexate infusion, followed by leukovorin rescue, and included intrathecal prophylactic therapy against central nervous system (CNS) disease. Patients with localized or resected undifferentiated lymphoma received 6 therapy cycles; all other patients received 15 cycles. Radiation therapy was used only in exceptional circumstances. Fifty-eight of 65 patients (89%) achieved complete remission: 97% of children and 82% of adults. The estimated 3-yr survival was 60% (SE 6.4%) with a median follow-up of 3 yr. Analysis of factors associated with remission duration and survival indicated that bone marrow involvement at referral and extensive disease were poor prognostic variables. Patients with lymphoblastic lymphomas and patients with completely resected undifferentiated lymphomas had the best prognosis (81% +/- 12% and 94% +/- 6% estimated 3-yr survival, respectively). Patients with extensive intraabdominal undifferentiated lymphoma (stage D) had the worst prognosis (33% +/- 11% estimated 3 yr survival), but even in this subgroup, bone marrow involvement was an adverse factor (estimated survival in stage D patients with and without bone marrow involvement was 14% +/- 13% and 43% +/- 15%, respectively). Elevated uric acid and/or lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also of prognostic significance, but predominantly reflected state, i.e., extent of disease. Age did not significantly influence prognosis. In the undifferentiated lymphoma subgroup, histology (i.e., Burkitt's lymphoma versus non-Burkitt's lymphoma) was not of prognostic significance. Total white count was below 1,000/cu mm in 39% of cycles, and fever associated with granulocytopenia occurred in 17% of cycles. Stomatitis of moderate to severe extent occurred in 50% of cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Surgical resection and limited chemotherapy for abdominal undifferentiated lymphomas.

Fourteen patients (less than or equal to 35 years of age) with intra-abdominal undifferentiated lymphomas, without evidence of disease elsewhere, were treated by surgical resection and six cycles of combination chemotherapy which included cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, and 42-hour methotrexate infusion with leucovorin rescue. One patient with very extensive retroperitoneal disease prior to surgery had rapid tumor regrowth and subsequently died. One patient has relapsed twice, but is currently alive and has been disease-free for 2 years. All other patients have remained in complete remission for 25-63 months from presentation. The major toxic effects encountered in this protocol were mucositis (which necessitated a reduction in methotrexate duration in two patients) and fever and neutropenia (which complicated chemotherapy in 15 of the total of 79 cycles delivered). There were three documented infections; all were diagnosed before chemotherapy was started, and all resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The 92% actuarial survival rate in this protocol is comparable to results with more prolonged chemotherapy or a combination of prolonged chemotherapy and irradiation. Since prolonged maintenance therapy and irradiation were not utilized in our protocol, they appear to be unnecessary for patients with intra-abdominal undifferentiated lymphoma whose disease can be at least 90% resected.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Horseshoe kidney mimicking adenopathy.

Horseshoe kidney may simulate adenopathy on ultrasound when the examiner is unaware of its presence. If an ultrasound examination demonstrates an isolated preaortic mass, this diagnosis should be considered. Sonographic features and confirmation of this diagnosis with a urogram or CT are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗