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Biomedical subjects

C Jaramillo

Publications and source records attributed to C Jaramillo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of psychological techniques on bruxism in children with primary teeth.

Four main causes of bruxism have been studied - high anxiety level, malocclusion, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral habits. Effective dental treatment for this problem is unknown in children with primary teeth, although, high prevalence has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychological techniques in children with bruxism. A total of 33 children, 3-6 years of age with normal occlusal features, without oral habits, rate in the Conners' parent rating scales (CPRS) and more than 0.75% in Conners' teacher rating scales (CTRS), and one or more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders registered in the Bernal and Tsamtsouris examination, were selected from 188 children. Two psychological techniques, 'directed muscular relaxation' and 'competence reaction', were applied for 6 months. The results were analysed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test. All patients reduced their anxiety level and TMJ disorders, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The psychological techniques were effective in the reduction of signs of bruxism in children with primary teeth.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2001

Vertical dimension. Part 1: comparison of clinical freeway space.

This study was conducted in order to compare the clinical freeway space measurements using three simple methods commonly used by dentists in their practices. The study was performed in 15 young healthy subjects with natural dentition and bilateral molar support. Artificial landmarks (adhesive tape) were placed on the more prominent parts of the nose and chin of each subject. Vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) was measured in the intercuspal position. Postural vertical dimension (PVD) was measured in the following functional conditions: after swallowing saliva, after pronouncing the word "Mississippi", and in a relaxed postural mandibular position (RPMP). Then, the clinical freeway space value in each functional condition was obtained by subtracting VDO from PVD value. Significant differences among clinical freeway space values using three different methods were observed (ANOVA). A significantly higher clinical freeway space value was found using phonetics method than after swallowing and with the mandible in a relaxed postural position (Bonferroni multiple comparison test). No significant differences between swallowing and relaxed methods were found. These results seem to suggest that the measures of clinical freeway space depend upon the method used.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Differentiation and genetic analysis of Rhodnius prolixus and Rhodnius colombiensis by rDNA and RAPD amplification.

Domiciliated Rhodnius prolixus and sylvatic R. colombiensis were analyzed in order to confirm their genetic divergence and verify the risk that the latter represents in the domiciliation process, and to provide tools for identifying the sources of possible reinfestation by triatomines in human dwellings allowing control programs to be undertaken. Comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA amplification patterns and cluster analysis suggests reproductive discontinuity between the two species. The calculated statistical F value of 0.24 and effective migration rate of 0.6 individuals per generation are insufficient to maintain genetic homogeneity between them and confirm the absence of present genetic flow. R. colombiensis presents higher intrapopulation variability. Polymerase chain reaction of ribosomal DNA supports these findings. The low genetic flow between the two species implies that R. colombiensis do not represent an epidemiological risk for the domiciliary transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Tolima Department. The lower variability of the domiciliated R. prolixus could result in greater susceptibility to the use of pesticides in control programs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Hybridization screening of very short PCR products for paleoepidemiological studies of Chagas' disease.

Single strands of very short PCR products can be covalently immobilized to a slide and then easily detected by probe hybridization. In this work, the PCR product was a 70-nucleotide segment of ancient DNA, representing a portion of repeat mini-circle DNA from the kinetoplast of Trypanosoma cruzi, the infectious agent of Chagas' disease (American Trypanosomiasis). The target segment was initially established to be present in soft tissue samples taken from four "naturally" mummified Andean bodies using PCR followed by cloning and sequencing. Hybridization screening of the covalently immobilized PCR products positively identified products from 25 of 27 specimens of different tissues from these four mummies. The method appears to be ideal for the purpose of screening a large number of specimens when the target PCR product is very short.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Correlative experimental animal and human clinical retrieval evaluations of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated and non-coated implants in orthopaedics and dentistry.

Retrieval analyses disclosed in vivo dissociation of HA in orthopaedic acetabular components, but excellent bone ingrowth into intact HA coatings on dental retrievals. Initial healing and the bone interface between HA-coated and non-coated implants in the posterior maxilla (Mx) and mandible (Md) was assessed in an animal model using light microscopy (LM), including confocal (CM) and Nomarski (NM) microscopy. Seventy-two implants (36 HA-coated; 36 non-coated) were placed into jaws of six dogs; half after extraction, half after 3 months healing. Animals were euthanized 3 months postimplantation. All implants osseointegrated; however, preliminary morphometry showed higher BCL for HA-coated (51%) than non-coated implants (44%) in the Mx (p < 0.05). BCL for HA-coated Md implants was not significantly higher (64%) than non-coated implants (62%). Bone closely apposed both implant types; however, LM suggested a more intimate association with HA coatings. Serial sections disclosed a reddish coating on the HA, possibly analogous to oral tissue proteoglycans, which was not visible with non-coated implants. This material was continuous with similar material coating endosteum, osteoid regions, and osteocyte (Os) lacunae close to the implant. An interdigitating canaliculi network allowed communication between interfacial Os and Os deeper within the bone. Data suggest HA offers enhanced initial bone fixation in the Mx, and that adequate bone exists for non-coated implant stability in the Md. No HA dissociation was seen with implants in the animal study, which was consistent with retrieved human HA dental implants.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

Isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in 4,000-year-old mummified human tissue from northern Chile.

A segment of DNA unique to the kinetoplast of Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from spontaneously mummified human remains from the coastal area of northern Chile at sites dated from 2000 BC to about AD 1400. Following rehydration of the desiccated human tissue samples of heart, esophagus, or colon, the samples were extracted and primers employed to bind to a 330 bp kinetoplast minicircle DNA sequence present in T. cruzi. This segment was then amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the target segment was visualized by gel electrophoresis. This method enables the identification of Chagas' disease in an ancient body in the absence of recognizable anatomic pathological changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Acute and one year follow-up results after vessel size adapted PTCA using intracoronary ultrasound.

AIMS: Recent randomized clinical trials have reported a reduction in restenosis with intracoronary stents and have suggested that this restenosis reduction is a result of the higher immediate luminal gain, in comparison to conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The hypothesis of this study is based on the assumption that PTCA results may be optimized by determining vessel dimensions before intervention, using intravascular ultrasound. This may lead to long-term PTCA results equivalent to PTCA and the additional placement of a stent. The purpose of this prospective non-randomized single-centre study was to evaluate (1) the safety and efficacy and (2) the long-term outcome of vessel-size adapted PTCA in patients with native coronary artery obstructions. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1995 to December 1995 the morphological dimensions of target lesions were determined in 144 patients with 152 lesions by intravascular ultrasound prior to conventional balloon angioplasty. Quantitative assessment of the vascular dimensions were assessed on-line and the diameter of the balloon catheter was adapted to the external elastic membrane diameter at the lesion site. Using this strategy, mean balloon diameter was 4.0 +/- 0.5 mm and mean pressure for complete balloon expansion was 7 +/- 2 atmospheres. Acute and one year follow-up results were obtained in all 144 patients. Acute events occurred in two patients (one death and one acute surgical revascularization). During one year follow-up, 16 patients (12%) had a clinical event including one cardiac death, two transmural myocardial infarctions, 10 repeat PTCAs within the target lesion and three elective coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). In 75% (n:112) control angiography was performed and revealed an angiographic restenosis rate of 21% using the NHLBI criteria of a diameter stenosis > 50%. CONCLUSION: Intravascular ultrasound provides an accurate and precise description of vascular dimensions at the site of the stenotic lesion. The use of balloon diameters following these measurements appears to be (1) safe in the acute setting with a low number of in hospital events and (2) gives a low restenosis rate and number of clinical events at one year follow-up. These promising results warrant verification in larger-scale randomized trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Auricular chromoblastomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa.

An unusual case of chromoblastomycosis localized in the ear and caused by R. aquaspersa is presented. The patient was a 60-year-old male urban resident, who had had the disease for 5 years. The lesion was darkly pigmented, infiltrative and crusty. Sclerotic cells were seen on direct examinations and the fungus was recovered in culture and identified on the basis of the characteristic sporulation. Itraconazole therapy at a dose of 200 mg day-1 for 7 months produced complete healing.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

Elastic structures in the vocalization apparatus of the Túngara frog Physalaemus pustulosus (Leptodactylidae).

Histological analysis of the vocal sac and body wall in the leptodactylid frog Physalaemus pustulosus suggests that both muscle and elastic fibers are important in call production. Abdominal musculature as well as abdominal bands of elastin (the lineae masculinae) provide the energy required for exhalation and sound production. Air flowing through the larynx inflates a highly extensible vocal sac lined with muscle and a network of elastic fibers. Inherent elasticity together with muscular activity of the vocal sac likely increase the speed and possibly decrease the energetic costs of lung reinflation following vocalization. The mechanics of call production in P. pustulosus thus involve not only laryngeal activation but also elastic transfer of air between the supralaryngeal vocal sac and abdominal respiratory structures.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1996

Bionomics of Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector of visceral leishmaniasis in northern Columbia.

The feeding behavior, seasonality, and natural infection rate of Lutzomyia evansi (Nuñez-Tovar) with Leishmania chagasi (Cuna & Chagas) was studied during a 12-mo period at 2 hamlets, El Contento and Vidales. Sand fly abundance in extra-, peri-, and intradomestic habitats was evaluated with sticky traps and CDC light traps, whereas human bait and Shannon trap collections were made only in peridomestic habitats. All trapping methods showed a clear predominance of L. evansi throughout the year. Sand flies were present during most of the year, with the exception of the driest months (February and March). Although the total number of sand flies was higher in El Contento than in Vidales, a larger proportion of L. evansi was found in intradomestic habitat than in the peri- and extradomestic habitats at Vidales. Also, sand flies from Vidales had a higher infection rate with L. chagasi than did those from El Contento. Although 2 of 9 promastigote infections detected in L. evansi were identified as L. chagasi, the difficulty of isolating and propagating leishmania strains from this visceral leishmaniasis focus precluded characterization of most parasite samples. Parous and infected sand flies were most abundant toward the end of the rainy season (October-December). For this reason, control strategies based on reducing sand fly populations or avoiding human-vector contact should be concentrated during the October-December period.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Phlebotomine sandflies associated with a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

A survey was made of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna of La Guaira, a village with coffee plantations near Cali, Colombia, from which cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis had been reported due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Le. (V.) braziliensis. Among six species of sandfly collected on human bait, Lutzomyia youngi was most important in terms of biting nuisance. Lu.columbiana, Lu.lichyi and Lu.scorzai as well as Lu.youngi adults occurred throughout the year. Sandfly man-biting activity occurred throughout the night and was highest within 2 h of sunset. Despite its abundance in nocturnal samples, Lu.youngi was rarely taken in diurnal resting site collections. In contrast, Lu.lichyi was collected on tree-trunks during the day in large numbers and was the only species biting in daylight. The implications of these and other findings for leishmaniasis control measures in La Guaira are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Vector competence of some neotropical sandflies for the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis complex.

To evaluate the vector competence of some Lutzomyia spp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), experimental infections of anthropophilic sandflies from the Colombian Pacific coast were performed, through membrane feeding and xenodiagnosis on hamsters infected with Le. (V.)braziliensis or Le. (V.)panamensis. Wild-caught or F1 generation females of Lutzomyia gomezi, Lu. hartmanni, Lu.panamensis and Lu.trapidoi were allowed to feed on hamster lesions and then maintained at 26 degrees C and > 80% r.h. on a sugar-water diet until dissection on the fifth day post-infection (p.i.). Despite similar infection rates (range 37-44%) in both Lu.gomezi and Lu.trapidoi, infections were heavier (> 100 parasites) in the latter species. Infections of Lu.trapidoi with Le.braziliensis (n = 21) and Le.panamensis (n = 27) showed parasite migration toward the foregut, with promastigote colonization of the stomodeal valve and appearance of infective forms. In contrast, infections of Lu.gomezi with Le.braziliensis (n = 10) and Le.panamensis (n = 5) were light (< 50 parasites) and usually restricted to the pylorus. In Lu.hartmanni, only a few promastigotes were found in the pylorus and midgut of 3/8 specimens infected with Le.braziliensis, and no Le.panamensis developed (n = 19). By day 5 p.i., promastigote colonization of the hind- and midgut by Le.panamensis was observed in 2/4 Lu.panamensis but not Le.braziliensis (n = 3). It was concluded that Lu.trapidoi is a more efficient vector than Lu.gomezi for both Le.braziliensis and Le.panamensis, and that Lu.hartmanni and Lu.panamensis are of minor importance for Leishmania transmission in this endemic area.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Didelphis marsupialis, an important reservoir of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in Colombia.

The role of Didelphis marsupialis as a reservoir of zoonotic hemoflagellates was examined in two ecologically distinct settings in Colombia. While 72% (12 of 18) of the opossums collected in the tropical rain forest harbored Trypanosoma cruzi, other mammals in the area had lower infection rates: 1.3% (Proechymis semispinosus [spiny rat]; 13% Tylomys mirae [climbing rat]; and 6% Rattus rattus). Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from D. marsupialis were similar to zymodeme 1 (Z1), and two of four phenotypes were shared with Tylomys mirae, which is also predominantly arboreal. Terrestrial (P. semispinosus) and peridomestic (R. rattus) animals were infected with Z3 or other Z1 phenotypes, respectively. Schizodeme analysis showed polymorphisms among isolates from mammals, reflecting diverse modes of transmission, and a complex epidemiologic situation. Despite the lower infection rate of the opossum (14%) found in our study in the tropical dry forest as compared with the tropical wet forest, Chagas' disease has been reported only in the former area. This suggests that the lack of alternative blood sources for triatomines of the tropical dry forest, where mammals are less abundant than in the wet forest, may increase the risk of human infection. Among several species of mammals captured in the tropical dry forest, Leishmania chagasi was isolated from 22.7% (5 of 22) D. marsupialis. This finding confirms the important role of opossums in Colombian foci of visceral leishmaniasis, including those where the phlebotomine species involved in transmission is Lutzomyia evansi, an alternative vector to the more common Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A monoclonal antibody for distinction of invasive and noninvasive clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica.

Approximately 10% of the world population is infected with Entamoeba histolytica, but only 10% of the carriers develop symptomatic amebiasis. This discrepancy could be explained by the genotypic differences between the morphologically indistinguishable invasive and noninvasive strains of E. histolytica currently identified by zymodeme analysis, a technique that is unsuitable for routine diagnostic laboratories. Here we report the production of a monoclonal antibody against E. histolytica and its use in an immunofluorescence assay to identify invasive isolates cultured from stool samples of infected patients in several regions where amebiasis is endemic: Bangladesh, Colombia, and Mexico. After testing a total of 88 E. histolytica isolates, the correlation between zymodeme characterization and the immunofluorescence assay with the invasive isolate-specific monoclonal antibody was 100%. The epitope detected by the invasive isolate-specific monoclonal antibody resides in a previously undescribed internal protein with molecular masses of 84 and 81 kDa in axenic and polyxenic E. histolytica strains, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Leishmaniasis vector potential of Lutzomyia spp. in Colombian coffee plantations.

Potential vectors of Leishmania braziliensis Vianna were assessed at four study sites in the mountainous Valle del Cauca, western Colombia, from March to June 1989. In an active focus of transmission at 1450 m altitude, a coffee plantation at Versalles, there were high densities of antropophilic phlebotomines: Lutzomyia columbiana (Ritorcelli & Van Ty) and Lu.townsendi (Ortiz), both in the verrucarum species group, and of Lu.pia (Fairchild & Hertig). At a comparable altitude in a forest reserve at Yotoco where leishmaniasis is unknown, Lu.pia was the prevalent species and Lu.townsendi was absent. In two localities at 1150 m altitude, there were plentiful Lu.lichyi (Floch & Abonnenc) plus both species in the verrucarum group, but Lu.pia was absent. One of these localities, a coffee plantation at Villa Hermosa where a leishmaniasis outbreak occurred in 1986, was compared with a leishmaniasis-free, partly wooded nature reserve at Mateguadua. No natural infections of Leishmania were found in a total of 1896 wild-caught female phlebotomines belonging to at least seven species. It remains unclear why Leishmaniasis transmission is associated with coffee plantations in this part of Colombia. Laboratory-bred Lu.lichyi females were invariably autogenous, and blood-seeking females of this species were always parous. Parity rates in wild-caught females of other species were 55% Lu.pia, 24% Lu.columbiana and 14% Lu.townsendi. Female Lutzomyia infected artificially with Le.braziliensis promastigotes developed peripylarian infections. Higher proportions of Lu.townsendi (96%) and Lu.columbiana (78%) became infected but these species developed lower rates of stomodaeal infections (P less than 0.1) than Lu.lichyi (37%) or Lu.pia (44%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Development of Mansonella perstans in the surrogate vector Aedes aegypti.

The biology of the human filaria Mansonella perstans has been poorly studied due in part to the lack of experimental animal models in which its life-cycle could be reproduced. In nature Culicodes spp. (and probably simuliids) are the vectors involved in disease transmission. In the present work Aedes aegypti black-eyed strain was experimentally infected with M. perstans microfilariae by intrathoracic inoculation of 8 to 15 parasites contained in 0.4-0.6 microliters of RPMI 1640. Concentration of microfilariae was achieved by means of a ficoll separation technique. A. aegypti were maintained at 26 degrees C and 80% relative humidity with a sugar-water diet, except on day 4 post-infection on which they received an uninfected blood meal. Larval development was slow, taking no less than 4 days to reach the sausage stage, which measured 95-100 microns in length. Molt to the second stage took place on the 6th day; the differentiation into a long muscular and glandular esophagus, and short intestine measuring approximately one fourth of the total larval length were the most significant changes. At the end of this period 4 small but well demarcated tail papillae were observed. The first third-stage larvae appeared at the 8th day post-infection, measuring 650 to 680 microns in length. Beyond the 10th day larvae with an average length of 750 microns were found in the thorax, head, and mouthparts. Four conspicuous tail papillae characteristic of the genus Mansonella were seen in all third-stage larvae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aedes↗
PubMed1988

Leishmaniasis in Colombia. I. Studies on the phlebotomine fauna associated with endemic foci in the Pacific Coast region.

Studies on the phlebotomine fauna related to the leishmaniasis endemic foci of the Colombian Pacific Coast were carried out in the municipalities of Tumaco and Buenaventura. In Inguapí del Guadual, Tumaco, Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. gomezi were the predominant anthropophilic species; Lu. panamensis and Lu. hartmanni were less frequent. In Bajo Calima, Buenaventura, Lu. trapidoi represented over 94% of the anthropophilic sandflies. Continuous sampling from 1800 to 0600 hours in Inguapí del Guadual demonstrated that Lu. trapidoi bites mainly at dusk and dawn whereas Lu. gomezi remains active throughout the night. In Inguapí del Guadual, promastigotes were found in 0.1% (2/2, 305) of Lu. trapidoi, 0.2% (3/140) of Lu. gomezi, and 0.2% (1/424) of Lu. panamensis samples collected. In Bajo Calima, 1.9% (8/429) of Lu. trapidoi were found to be infected. Leishmania braziliensis panamensis, the most common Leishmania subspecies in the human population of this endemic focus, was isolated from 1 Lu. trapidoi from Inguapí del Guadual. Parasitological and entomological findings suggest that Lu. trapidoi could be the main vector of Leishmania in these areas, although Lu. gomezi and Lu. panamensis were also predominant.

Animals↗