PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Jennings

Publications and source records attributed to C Jennings.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

CD8+ lymphocytes in pregnancy and HIV infection: characterization of CD8+ subpopulations and CD8+ noncytotoxic antiviral activity.

The distribution and function of lymphocytes vary in different clinical states. The object of this study was to characterize the CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations and CD8+ anti-HIV suppressor activity in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant and nonpregnant women. The total percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was not altered by pregnancy but the percentage of activated CD8+ T cells increased during pregnancy and decreased postpartum. HIV infection in pregnant women resulted in both an increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes and a marked increase in activated and memory CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, which did not change in the postpartum period. Most HIV-infected women had CD8+-mediated noncytotoxic antiviral activity. However, the activity was not correlated with alterations in CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. This study provides baseline information on changes in CD8 immunologic parameters during pregnancy and HIV infection for further studies that employ antiretroviral therapeutic regimens capable of impacting the immune response.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Population structure and dispersal of the saltmarsh mosquito Aedes vigilax in Queensland, Australia.

Population genetics of the mosquito Aedes vigilax (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a major vector of arboviruses (e.g. Barmah Forest, Ross River), were investigated to obtain an indirect estimate of mosquito dispersal characteristics in typical habitats of Aedes vigilax in south-east Queensland: on the off-shore islands of Moreton Bay and on the mainland where disjunct breeding populations of Ae. vigilax are distributed along intertidal marsh. Six allozyme loci were assessed for genetic differentiation between samples from 11 localities. Significant larval variation between some breeding sites was attributed to site-specific selection. Nonsignificant genetic differentiation was found among collections of adult mosquitoes caught in light traps throughout the study area (exceeding 60x27 km), indicating widespread dispersal. As distances of < or = 9 km over water did not appear to act as effective barriers to Ae. vigilax dispersal, localized control activities applied to Ae. vigilax breeding sites are unlikely to be effective against the vagile adult population. Therefore, the contiguous shires programme of broad acre control is endorsed to prevent the spread of arboviruses carried by Ae. vigilax

Aedes↗
PubMed1998

Adhesion reduction as a new treatment innovation.

A new treatment option, an antiadhesion device, has proved effective in the reduction of postoperative adhesion formation and is now approved for use in the United States. The device is a thin, filmy membrane composed of two organic substances that are resorbed by the body. The device is inserted intraoperatively between apposing tissue surfaces that are potentially adhesiogenic. It proved effective in reducing the incidence of adhesions after both abdominal and pelvic surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Detection of GB virus C by the RT-PCR LCx system.

The recent publication of representative genomic sequences of GBV-C has permitted the selection of PCR primers for detection of GBV-C in clinical samples by PCR techniques. Traditional amplification methodologies which couple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot detection are slow, cumbersome, and can be technique dependent. This has hampered studies to determine the clinical significance of GBV-C. We report the selection of highly conserved PCR primers and a probe useful for semi-automated RT-PCR using the Abbott LCx system. This adaptation of the LCx system expands its capabilities to include the detection of RNA by RT-PCR, in addition to DNA detection by ligase chain reaction (LCR).

Automation↗
PubMed1998

Sublingual midazolam premedication in children: a dose response study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various doses of sublingual midazolam premedication in children. In our prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, children (n = 102, age range 12 to 129 months) scheduled for day surgery were randomized to receive either midazolam in one of three doses (0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 mg.kg-1) or placebo. Injectable midazolam was mixed with a thick grape syrup and placed under the tongue; the patient was asked to hold it as long as possible before swallowing. Children readily accepted the mixture. Analysing all patients randomized, none of the children receiving placebo vs 28% receiving 0.25 mg.kg-1 (P = 0.02), 52% receiving 0.5 mg.kg-1 (P < 0.001), and 64% receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 (P < 0.001) of midazolam showed satisfactory sedation (drowsy) at 15 min after administration. Children receiving the two higher doses of midazolam (0.5 and 0.75 mg.kg-1) accepted mask induction willingly, while the group receiving 0.25 mg.kg-1 resembled the placebo group (P < 0.05).

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

Function and phenotype of immature CD4+ lymphocytes in healthy infants and early lymphocyte activation in uninfected infants of human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers.

The function and phenotypes of CD4+ lymphocytes in infants are different than in adults and are modulated by maturational changes and exposure to environmental antigens. Infants of non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers and uninfected infants of HIV-infected mothers, 0 to 6 months of age, were examined for CD4+ lymphocyte function by in vitro interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and for CD4+ phenotypes by three-color flow cytometry. A minority of these uninfected infants (28%) had functional responses similar to those of healthy adult women (IL-2 production in response to anti-CD3, alloantigen, and mitogen), while the remainder were capable of responding to alloantigen and mitogen but not to anti-CD3. We did demonstrate reduced phytohemagglutinin-stimulated IL-2 production in uninfected infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers compared to that in infants from seronegative mothers. The proportions of CD3+ CD4+, CD4+ HLA-DR- CD38+, and CD4+ CD45RA+ RO- (naive) lymphocytes were much higher in infants than in adults, and the proportions of CD4+ CD45RA- RO+ (memory) and CD4+ CD25+ (IL-2 receptor-bearing) lymphocytes were lower in infants than in adults. The proportions of activated (CD4+ HLA-DR+ CD38+) and memory (CD4+ CD45RA- RO+) lymphocytes were increased in uninfected infants of HIV-infected mothers compared to infants of uninfected mothers. Therefore, T-helper-cell function is immature in many infants, but the CD4+ lymphocytes of some HIV-exposed, uninfected infants have been stimulated by antigen at an early age.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Recognition of multiple epitopes in the human melanoma antigen gp100 by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes associated with in vivo tumor regression.

Four of ten HLA-A2-restricted melanoma specific CTL that were derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and administered to patients recognized the gp100 melanoma Ag and nine of ten recognized the MART-1 Ag. Adoptive transfer of the four gp100-reactive CTL, but not the other TIL, resulted in tumor regression when infused into autologous patients along with IL-2. Tumor regression was thus correlated with the recognition of gp100 by the administered T cells (p = 0.0048). To identify the epitopes recognized by these four gp100-reactive CTL, 169 peptides containing HLA-A2.1 binding motifs were synthesized and screened for their recognition by TIL using cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma release assays. Five gp100 epitopes (two for TIL620, three for TIL660, one for TIL1143, and two for TIL1200) were recognized by CTL derived from different patients. Five of eight HLA-A2 binding melanoma epitopes (five gp100, one MART-1/Melan-A, two tyrosinase) had intermediate binding affinity to HLA-A2.1. These gp100 epitopes may be responsible for mediating tumor rejection in vivo and thus may be useful for the development of immunotherapies for patients with melanoma.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Evidence of a selective depletion of a CD16+ CD56+ CD8+ natural killer cell subset during HIV infection.

Three-color flow cytometric analysis of CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells was assessed in HIV seropositive patients and healthy heterosexual controls. A selective depletion of lymphocytes with the CD16+ NK phenotype was found among the HIV+ infected patients. When the CD16 lymphocyte subset was further evaluated by three-color flow cytometry, cells bearing both the CD8 and CD56 antigens were significantly decreased. Analysis of activation antigens revealed a large proportion of CD16+ NK cells from HIV+ patients expressed HLA-DR, but this did not correlate with CD25 (IL-2 receptor) expression. The overall loss of the CD8 and CD56 antigens among the NK population with an increase in activation status may be due to differential loss of the NK cell subsets or, alternatively, to the loss of immunoregulatory cytokines, which have been shown to be important in maintaining NK activity. Whether these changes in the NK compartment may influence the outcome of individuals with HIV disease still remains an open question but is an important issue when performing phenotypic analysis of HIV+ subjects.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1995

Genome organisation in the murine sperm nucleus.

The organisation of DNA sequences in the murine sperm nucleus was studied using in situ hybridisation of biotinylated DNA probes. The efficiency of this reaction was assessed using a dispersed repetitive DNA probe. Telomeric DNA was distributed around the nucleus. Centromeric and ribosomal DNA sequences occupied restricted domains in the sperm nucleus. DNA sequences for a transgene and a cluster of homeogenes occupied different, and rather less defined, domains. Together these results imply that both repetitive and protein-coding sequences are arranged in the nucleus in an ordered fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

CD4+ lymphocytes in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: evidence for pregnancy-induced immune depression in uninfected and HIV-infected women.

Immune function changes during pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. T helper function and phenotypes in HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant and postpartum women and nonpregnant uninfected control women were studied. T helper function was assessed by interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in vitro and three-color flow cytometry. All uninfected nonpregnant subjects, 74% of uninfected pregnant subjects, and only 54% of HIV-infected pregnant subjects responded to all stimuli. All uninfected subjects 2-6 months postpartum had normal function versus 27% of infected subjects (trend P < .001). Uninfected pregnant subjects had reduced levels of CD4+CD45RA-RO+ (memory) and elevated levels of CD4+CD45RA+RO- (naive) lymphocytes. Infected pregnant subjects had elevated levels of memory, reduced levels of naive, and increased levels of CD4+HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) lymphocytes. Increased CD4+DR+CD38+ cells correlated best with poor IL-2 function, HIV infection, and being postpartum (R2 = .79). Thus, T helper function and phenotypes are altered in pregnancy and return to baseline postpartum in uninfected but not HIV-infected women.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗