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Biomedical subjects

C Jenny

Publications and source records attributed to C Jenny.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Abusive head trauma: the relationship of perpetrators to their victims.

OBJECTIVE: Abusive head trauma is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in physically abused infants. Effective prevention requires the identification of potential perpetrators. No study has specifically addressed the relationship of the perpetrators of abusive head trauma ("shaken baby syndrome") to their victims. The objectives of this study were to identify the abusers and their relationship to victims in these cases. METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of 151 infants who suffered abusive head trauma to determine the perpetrator of the abuse. Caretakers were classified by level of certainty: confession to the crime, legal actions taken, or strong suspicion by the staff. The relationship of abusers to victims was analyzed. RESULTS: Male victims accounted for 60.3% of the cases. Twenty-three percent of the children died, although death rates for boys and girls did not vary significantly. Male perpetrators outnumbered females 2.2:1, with fathers, step-fathers, and mothers' boyfriends committing over 60% of the crimes. Fathers accounted for 37% of the abusers, followed by boyfriends at 20.5%. Female baby-sitters, at 17.3%, were a large, previously unrecognized group of perpetrators. Mothers were responsible for only 12.6% of our cases. All but one of the confessed abusers were with the child at the time of onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest male caretakers are at greater risk to abuse infants. Baby-sitters are a concerning risk group, because they represent a significant proportion of abusers, and they more easily escape prosecution. In addition, no prevention efforts have been directed at baby-sitters. These statistics could help change the focus of efforts to prevent abusive head trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Are children at risk for sexual abuse by homosexuals?

OBJECTIVE: To determine if recognizably homosexual adults are frequently accused of the sexual molestation of children. DESIGN: Chart review of medical records of children evaluated for sexual abuse. SETTING: Child sexual abuse clinic at a regional children's hospital. PATIENTS: Patients were 352 children (276 girls and 76 boys) referred to a subspecialty clinic for the evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse. Mean age was 6.1 years (range, 7 months to 17 years). DATA COLLECTED: Charts were reviewed to determine the relationships of the children to the alleged offender, the sex of the offender, and whether or not the alleged offender was reported to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. RESULTS: Abuse was ruled out in 35 cases. Seventy-four children were allegedly abused by other children and teenagers less than 18 years old. In 9 cases, an offender could not be identified. In the remaining 269 cases, two offenders were identified as being gay or lesbian. In 82% of cases (222/269), the alleged offender was a heterosexual partner of a close relative of the child. Using the data from our study, the 95% confidence limits, of the risk children would identify recognizably homosexual adults as the potential abuser, are from 0% to 3.1%. These limits are within current estimates of the prevalence of homosexuality in the general community. CONCLUSIONS: The children in the group studied were unlikely to have been molested by identifiably gay or lesbian people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis among sexually active men. DESIGN: Survey of two groups of men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Subjects had a comprehensive sexual history and clinical examination plus cultures for Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia trachomatis. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 147 sexual partners of women with trichomoniasis and 300 subjects selected randomly from heterosexual men coming to the same clinic for evaluation of new problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Isolation of T. vaginalis was compared with urogenital signs and symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 33 of 147 (22% [95% CI, 16% to 29%]) among sexual contacts of women with trichomoniasis and 17 of 300 (6% [CI, 3% to 9%]) among heterosexual men attending the same clinic. Men with trichomoniasis alone were more likely to complain of urethral discharge (P < 0.01), to have discharge on examination (P < 0.03), and to have inflammatory cells in their urethral secretions (P < 0.01) than were men who did not have T. vaginalis, N. gonorrhoeae, or C. trachomatis. Trichomonas vaginalis remained associated with nongonococcal nonchlamydial urethritis (adjusted odds ratio 3.8; CI, 1.1 to 11.2) after adjustment for race, age, number of sex partners in the previous 6 months, exposure to a partner with trichomoniasis, and history of trichomoniasis, urethritis, or gonorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Trichomoniasis was common among men at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and was associated with symptoms and signs of urethritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sexually transmitted diseases and child abuse.

The diagnosis in a child of any infection that is usually sexually transmitted in adults should raise the suspicion of possible sexual abuse. We know sexual abuse is a common childhood experience. The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect has rated the implications of sexually transmitted diseases for diagnosing sexual abuse (Table 6).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexually transmitted diseases in victims of rape.

The risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease as a result of rape is not known, in part because it is difficult to ascertain whether infections were present before the assault or acquired during it. To investigate this question, we examined female victims of rape within 72 hours of the assault and again at least one week after the assault. Of the 204 girls and women initially examined within 72 hours of the rape, 88 (43 percent) were found to have at least one sexually transmitted disease. These diseases included infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (6 percent of those tested), cytomegalovirus (8 percent), Chlamydia trachomatis (10 percent), Trichomonas vaginalis (15 percent), herpes simplex virus (2 percent), Treponema pallidum (1 percent), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1; 1 percent) and bacterial vaginosis (34 percent). Among the 109 patients (53 percent) who returned for at least one follow-up visit (excluding those who were found to be infected at the first visit or who were treated prophylactically), the incidence of new disease was as follows: gonorrhea, 4 percent (3 of 71); chlamydial infection, 2 percent (1 of 65); trichomoniasis, 12 percent (10 of 81); and bacterial vaginosis, 19 percent (15 of 77). There were no new infections with herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Trep. pallidum, or HIV-1, but follow-up serologic testing was performed in only 26 percent of the patients. On the basis of our assumptions that most venereal infections present within 72 hours of a rape were preexisting and that new infections identified 1 to 20 weeks later were acquired during the assault, we conclude that the prevalence of preexisting sexually transmitted diseases is high in victims of rape and that they have a lower but substantial additional risk of acquiring such diseases as a result of the assault.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Morphometric and morphologic evaluations in stage III non-small cell lung cancers. Prognostic significance of quantitative assessment of infiltrating lymphoid cells.

This study evaluated data from 30 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to determine whether demographic, clinical, and morphologic and morphometric data that were obtained prior to treatment, could be used to predict survival. All patients had Stage III disease, and all subsequently were treated identically with concurrent radiotherapy, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. The series consisted of 18 squamous carcinomas, eight adenocarcinomas, and four large cell carcinomas. Morphometric measurements of randomized selected cancer cells per case included diameter of cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli. Morphologic parameters evaluated were mitotic index, histologic differentiation, and pattern of nuclear chromatin of cancer cells, and the degree of necrosis and fibrosis of tumor tissue. The lymphoid and neutrophil index defined as the ratio of lymphoid cells and neutrophils to cancer cells from randomized microscopic fields (median = 25) at 400 x magnification were also determined. Our study indicated that the peritumor lymphoid index was the only factor significantly associated with the length of survival. The correlation coefficient (Pearson r) of these two factors was 0.5 (P less than 0.005). The median survival time of patients with peritumor lymphoid index less than 3 and greater than or equal to 3 was 95 days and 376 days, respectively (Kaplan-Meier estimation). The peritumor lymphoid index was an independent prognosticator of clinical outcome of Stage III NSCLC patients, and did not correlate with any of the other parameters analyzed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Adolescent risk-taking behavior and the occurrence of sexual assault.

The medical records of adolescent sexual assault victims presenting to Harborview Medical Center's Emergency Trauma Center, Seattle, were examined to determine behavioral risk factors preceding the assault. Twenty-six percent of the group were impaired by alcohol or other drugs during the assault. Forty-six percent of the assaults occurred after social interactions with strangers in unprotected surroundings. Five percent occurred after adolescents "hitchhiked" and accepted rides from strangers. Many of the assaults occurred between 10 PM and 4 AM. The incidence of injuries in victims was high (39%), while the incidence of serious injury was zero. Risk-taking behaviors were commonly encountered in adolescent sexual assault victims.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Radiologic detection of pulmonary artery hypertension].

In 43 patients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease a catheterisation of the right heart with measurement of pulmonary artery pressure was performed. In a retrospective study several radiological parameters of pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on the chest radiographs of these patients. Considering those parameters on the p.a. and lateral chest radiograph, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure at rest can be made with great accuracy. When pulmonary artery pressure is elevated only during exercise, the accuracy of radiological diagnosis is much lower.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Developmental approach to preventing the sexual abuse of children.

Child sexual abuse is a common and potentially damaging experience. Preventing and detecting abuse should be a part of primary care pediatric practice. A protocol is presented the goal of which is to teach children and parents reasonable protective behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimised helper virus-free production of high-quality adeno-associated virus vectors.

BACKGROUND: Clinical development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) requires standardised, safe, efficient and scalable procedures for the manufacture of the rAAV vector, including production, purification and testing. Several strategies have been reported for the approach to the manufacturing problem. We report a helper virus-free process that produces high quality rAAV stocks. METHODS: rAAV were produced by triple transfection, a helper virus-free process. After lysis of the cells in the presence of nuclease, the rAAV produced were purified by HPLC through two ion-exchange columns in tandem followed by dialysis. rAAV stocks were thoroughly characterised for biological activity and for the presence of residual contaminants. The titer of infectious particles and of rep + particles was determined by dRA assay. Contaminating DNA and RNA were determined by fluorescent dye binding and real-time PCR. The protein content of the rAAV stocks was characterised by SDS-PAGE, ELISA test, Western blot and specific enzymatic assays for putative residual contaminating protein. The in vivo biological activity of the stocks was evaluated in mouse muscle. RESULTS: rAAV stocks obtained following this procedure elicit: 2-5 x 10(12) pp/ml; 3-6 x 10(10) ip/ml; < 10(3) rep + particles/ml; <0.3 mUeq/ml of residual benzonase activity; non-detectable Ad or beta-galactosidase proteins; <35 pg/ml of cellular genomic DNA; in vivo expression in mouse muscle without any immune reaction detected. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the possibility of producing purified high-quality rAAV free of helper virus. The procedure described in this paper is easily adaptable for large-scale production of clinical rAAV vectors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Network therapy using videotape disclosures for adult sexual abuse survivors.

Treatment of childhood sexual abuse survivors may be enhanced by a technique designed to generate a therapeutic constituency for the survivor around the disclosure of childhood abuse experiences. The need for validating relationships is hypothesized as a condition for successful treatment. The videotaped disclosure process proceeds in five stages: (1) Deciding to make a tape, (2) making a videotape following a semistructured interview format, (3) the patient viewing the tape, (4) showing the tape to potential therapeutic team members, and (5) possibly using the tape for a confrontation with the abuser. The technique has been used on 27 cases. Case histories are given to illustrate the procedure. Discussion includes potential mechanisms of action and issues in treatment that arise with the use of the method described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In-field behaviour of banana plants (Musa AA sp) obtained after regeneration of cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspensions.

This study describes the in-field behavior of bananas (Musa AA sp.) obtained after regeneration of cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspensions. Observations were focused on the classical vegetal development descriptors. We observed no significant differences between the cryopreserved-derived plants and the control plants with respect to the plant height and circumference, the number of leaves, the number of fruits, the fruit length, the fruit diameter and weight, the bunch weight and the date of harvest. During the first culture cycle, 2 out of 11 descriptors analyzed were however found to be different between the control and the cryopreserved suspensions derived plants. These were the number of nodal clusters of the inflorescence (usually called hands) and the date of flowering. These differences were, however, quite minor as the two cases together amounted to only 2 % of the control value. During the second cycle of culture, no significant difference between the two groups of plants was found whatever the parameter analysed. These results suggest that, with the experimental conditions of the study, there is no difference at the agronomic level between plants produced from cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspensions and control plants.

Journal Article↗