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C Jerusalem

Publications and source records attributed to C Jerusalem.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Topographical distribution of the cerebral lesions in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

In the mouse P. berghei malaria model systematic studies were carried out on the relationship between the type and the topographical distribution of the brain lesion in cerebral malaria. As previously stated for pernicious P. falciparum malaria in man, petechial haemorrhage was not the sole morphologic lesion. In addition to severe brain oedema, microthrombosis, sludging of mononuclear cells, arteriolar spasms, scattered disturbances of the microcirculation, and the occasional proliferation of gliocytes were the prevailing morphologic changes. Pronounced perivascular oedema with compression of capillaries and ischaemic demyelinisation were particular frequent in the nucleus caudatus putamen, while the adjacent regions (radiatio corporis callosi, claustrum, hippocampus, and fimbria hippocampi) were the sites of predilection of petechial haemorrhage. Arteriolar spasms were particularly frequent in branches of the posterior choroidal artery. The proliferation of gliocytes was practically restricted to the tubercula olfactoria and to the subependymal zone of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. The present results indicate a neurovascular component in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The preponderance of a special histopathological lesion in a certain cerebral region may be the result of a particular sensitivity of cells of these areas to noxious events (pathoclisis), for instance hypoxia, and/or exaggeration of autoregulatory phenomena that exist between the cerebral parenchyma and the supplying vasculature.

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PubMed1978

Survival of auxiliary rat liver grafts with decreased portal blood flow.

After auxiliary liver transplantation in the rat, partial liver grafts (30% of the liver) were perfused with mesentericosplenic venous blood. This means a decrease in the total liver blood flow by approximately 34%. Recipient livers retained their arterial and pancreaticoduodenal inflow. Surgical interventions were carried out on the recipient's liver to evaluate the effect of the varying induced functional handicap on the fate of the graft in association with a decreased liver blood flow. Graft survival was obtained in all groups, but the conditions of the graft varied inversely with the severity of the functional handicap of the recipient's liver. Compared to previous experiments in which the auxiliary grafts were supplied with total portal blood inflow in the same experimental model, the grafts in this study showed a slightly impaired increase in weight. This impairment was attributed to the decreased blood flow. Recipient livers deteriorated or just maintained their size, even after 70% hepatectomy, despite the pancreaticoduodenal venous and arterial inflow. These results suggest that the total liver blood flow in combination with the functional state of the remaining recipient liver, rather than the quality of venous blood deriving from certain splanchnic areas and/or peculiar factor convoyed with it, determines the survival of a liver graft.

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PubMed1978

Clomerulopathy in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei: induction of an autoimmune process.

1. Apparently a living, metabolizing parasite is required to induce the formation of autoantibodies. 2. It seems unlikely that immune complexes of the first type, i.e., positive for plasmodial antigens, are responsible for the induction of autoantibodies, as the transferred malarious plasma (group B) also contained that type of immune complex, but did not induce the formation of the second type of complex. 3. Although a deregulation of the immunocompetent system will occur in animals with a high parasitemia (immunosuppression), the fact that extremely low parasitemia is sufficient to induce antismoothmuscle antibodies suggests that proliferation of "forbidden clones" of self-reactive lymphocytes is not very likely. 4. Antismooth-muscle antibodies are frequently associated with active chronic hepatitis in man. Whether any damage to liver tissue (6) during malaria infection may be responsible for the induction of antismoothmuscle antibodies remains to be investigated. The clinical relevance of these findings is as yet obscure, and one should be careful in comparing these results of the rodent model with the human situation. 5. It remains to be elucidated whether the high level of so-called nonspecific antibodies in acutely infected mice can be explained entirely by the existence of antibodies to parasitic antigens and to host smooth-muscle antigens.

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PubMed1977

Auxiliary liver transplantation in the rat, influence of the condition of the recipient's liver on the fate of the graft.

To evaluate the influence of the functional state of the recipient's liver on the fate of an auxiliary liver graft in rats, diverse surgical interventions were carried out on the recipient's liver following transplantation of an auxiliary liver. All grafts consisted of 30% of the liver mass, were supplied with portal blood only, and provided with bile drainage. Permanent graft hypertrophy was observed when the recipient's liver was resected subtotally, in addition to the ligation of the bile duct. Ligation of the bile duct performed separately has a more pronounced effect on the increase of the weight of the graft than subtotal hepotectomy. If only portal blood was deviated to the graft, grafts atrophied. It is concluded that the functional efficiency and condition of the graft vary directly with the degree of functional impairment of the recipient's liver, compair functional hypertrophy. The present results do not seem to indicate the presence of a specific hepatotrophic factor in portal blood.

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PubMed1977

Active immunization against the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in mice. The immunizing inoculum.

In the immunization procedure of Swiss and C3H/StZ mice against P. berghei the inoculum plays an important role. Only viable parasites are able to induce immunity when multiple inoculations (10(5) P.E. per mouse) or a single inoculation (1-4 X 10(7) P.E. per mouse) are administered. The inoculated parasitized erythrocytes should enter the vascular system. The subcutaneous route is inappropriate, since subsequent immune reactions are notably absent. In combination with a given suppressive regimen successful immunization depends on an optimum number of viable P.E. in the inoculum. All conditions that affect the proportion of viable parasites in the inoculum (route, storage, medium, temperature, donor) should be recognized and controlled. The actual immunizing capacity of the inoculum also depends on the magnitude and time of initiation of sulfathiazole treatment after inoculation. Suppressive treatment (300 mg/L) starting 2 days after inoculation was found optimal in order to render the procedure less sensitive to small differences in the number of P.E. inoculated. Conditions which lead to antimalarial immunity are apparently strain-specific.

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PubMed1976

Azathioprine hepatotoxicity, direct complication or secondary effect in rat liver transplantation.

The risk of azathioprine-induced hepatocellular damage was investigated using the auxiliary liver transplantation model in rats. This model permits to study the effect of the drug on both graft and the recipient's liver vascularized in different ways. Neither histopathological changes were observed, nor could any deaths be directly attributed to toxic effects of the drug on hepatocytes. Morphological lesions were absent in treated and untreated, subtotally hepatectomized rats with normal bile flow. However, lesions did become manifest after reimplantation (grafts) and/or ligation of the common bile duct (hosts). We concluded that in rats azathioprine is toxic for hepatocytes only when the normal bile flow is impeded, independent of the way of the liver vascularization.

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PubMed1975

Orthotopic liver transplantation: an experimental study on the prevention of infections with Gram-negative organisms.

Infection with Gram-negative bacteria is frequently the cause of death in human liver transplantation. In experimental liver transplantation in mongrel dogs we detected Gram-negative septicaemia in 73% of our first 15 cases; maximal survival was 26 days. In a second series of 27 orthotopic liver transplantations in tissue-typed littermate dogs and littermate pigs the standard surgical technique and aftercare were changed with regard to four factors: an end-to-end common bile duct anastomosis was made instead of a gallbladder to duodenum anastomosis; the continuous postoperative bacteriostatic antibiotic therapy was changed to a single 2-day course of bactericidal antibiotics; preoperative selective bowel decontamination combined with postoperative protective isolation was introduced; the dosage of azathioprine used for immunosuppression was reduced..

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Orthotopic liver transplantation after preservation without perfusion for up to six hours: A controlled trial evaluating different preservation fluids in dogs and pigs.

The important extension of the ischemic period recently described with a simple hypothermic liver preservation method is attributed to the use of specific preservation fluids. However, there is no consensus about the optimal preservation fluid. In order to investigate the effect of the composition of the preservation fluid on the immediately postoperative transplant function and on subsequent long-term survival, orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in 13 dogs and 12 pigs. To reduce immunologic interference in postoperative transplant evaluation, donor and recipient pairs always were litter mates, the dogs being identical according to lymphocyte typing. The ischemic periods were 1, 3, and 6 hours. Four different preservation fluids were used with marked differences in ionic composition (extracellular vs. intracellular), pH, and osmolarity. Within each ischemic period group the sequence of experiments was randomized with respect to the different preservation fluids. Twenty-four animals survived the transplantation procedure. No differences were found between the preservation fluid groups. Postoperative function of all livers preserved for 6 hours was comparable to those with 1 hour ischemia. Three dogs and four pigs (six of seven with livers preserved for 3 to 6 hours) are still alive more than 1 year after transplantation. So consistently excellent liver function leading to long-term survival in 36 percent of cases can be obtained after liver transplantation with preservation up to 6 hours; for this result the composition of the preservation fluid is of minor importance.

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