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Biomedical subjects

C Jie

Publications and source records attributed to C Jie.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Patients with active tuberculosis have increased expression of HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells.

Expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 was found to be elevated on CD4(+) T cells (1) in blood samples obtained from patients with tuberculosis and (2) in blood samples obtained from healthy subjects and stimulated with mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in vitro. These data suggest that the increase in HIV viremia that occurs in association with tuberculosis may result from up-regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells, thereby causing acceleration of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dysphagia caused by esophageal tuberculosis.

This report describes two patients with dysphagia who appeared to have esophageal tuberculosis. One patient had a fistula draining into a mediastinal mass. Both patients responded promptly to treatment with tuberculostatics. Surgery was not required. Esophageal tuberculosis is a rare entity.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Posttranslational processing and differential glycosylation of Tractin, an Ig-superfamily member involved in regulation of axonal outgrowth.

Tractin is a novel member of the Ig-superfamily which has a highly unusual structure. It contains six Ig domains, four FNIII-like domains, an acidic domain, 12 repeats of a novel proline- and glycine-rich motif with sequence similarity to collagen, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tail with an ankyrin and a PDZ domain binding motif. By generating domain-specific antibodies, we show that Tractin is proteolytically processed at two cleavage sites, one located in the third FNIII domain, and a second located just proximal to the transmembrane domain resulting in the formation of four fragments. The most NH(2)-terminal fragment which is glycosylated with the Lan3-2, Lan4-2, and Laz2-369 glycoepitopes is secreted, and we present evidence which supports a model in which the remaining fragments combine to form a secreted homodimer as well as a transmembrane heterodimer. The extracellular domain of the dimers is mostly made up of the collagen-like PG/YG-repeat domain but also contains 11/2 FNIII domain and the acidic domain. The collagen-like PG/YG-repeat domain could be selectively digested by collagenase and we show by yeast two-hybrid analysis that the intracellular domain of Tractin can interact with ankyrin. Thus, the transmembrane heterodimer of Tractin constitutes a novel protein domain configuration where sequence that has properties similar to that of extracellular matrix molecules is directly linked to the cytoskeleton through interactions with ankyrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Differential glycosylation and proteolytical processing of LeechCAM in central and peripheral leech neurons.

LeechCAM is a recently described member of the Ig-superfamily which has five Ig-domains, two FNIII-domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LeechCAM is the leech homolog of apCAM, FasII, and vertebrate NCAM. Using a leechCAM-specific monoclonal antibody we show by immunoblot analysis and by Triton X-114 phase separation experiments that in addition to existing in a transmembrane version LeechCAM is likely to be proteolytically cleaved into a secreted form without the transmembrane domain and the intracellular tail. Furthermore, by immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that LeechCAM is glycosylated with the Laz2-369 glycoepitope, an epitope that has been specifically implicated in regulation of axonal outgrowth and synapse formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Molecular cloning and characterization of LKv1, a novel voltage-gated potassium channel in leech.

We have cloned a novel voltage-gated K channel, LKv1, in two species of leech. The properties of LKv1 expressed in transiently transfected HEK293 cells is that of a delayed rectifier current. LKv1 may be a major modulator of excitability in leech neurons, since antibody localization studies show that LKv1 is expressed in the soma and axons of all neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Comparison of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of LKv1 with native voltage-gated conductances in leech neurons suggests that LKv1 may correspond to the previously characterized delayed rectifier current, I(K). Phylogenetic analysis of LKv1 shows that it is related to the Shaker subfamily of voltage-gated K channels although it occupies a separate branch from that of the monophyletic Shaker clade composed of the flatworm, Aplysia, Drosophila, and mammalian Shaker homologs as well as from that of two recently identified Shaker-related K channels in jellyfish. Thus, this analysis indicates that this group of voltage-gated K channels contains several evolutionarily divergent lineages.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Analgesic activity and selectivity of isothiocyanate derivatives of fentanyl analogs for opioid receptors.

The analgesic activity and opioid receptor binding characteristics were studied for the isothiocyanate ohmefentanyl (OMFIT), and isothiocyanate carfentanil (CarFIT), isothiocyanate 4-methoxymethylfentanyl (MethoFIT), isothiocyanate 3-methylfentanyl (superFIT) and their amide analogs. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the mouse hot plate test; selectivity for opioid receptor was determined in bioassay and binding assay. SuperFIT, CarFIT, OMFIT and MethoFIT exhibited an analgesic ED50 lower than those of their parent compounds without isothiocyanate (SCN) group. Furthermore these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory actions on the electrically evoked contractions of mouse vas deferens, which could be antagonized by naloxone, but their actions were weaker than those of their parent compounds without SC N-group. The inhibitory actions of these compounds on binding of [3H]OMF to mouse brain membrane was weaker than those of their parent compounds without SCN-group. CarFIT and MethoFIT showed weaker inhibitory actions on the binding of [3H] DADLE than their parent compounds without SCN-group, but SuperFIT and OMFIT stronger than their parent compounds, 3-methylfentanyl and ohmefentanyl. The selectivity of these isothiocyanate derivatives for delta opioid receptors increased. In conclusion, introducing isothiocyanato-group into 1-position of phenyl ring of ohmefentanyl and other fentanyl analogs would enhance the selectivity of these compounds for delta-opioid receptors, but decrease their analgesic activity.

Amides↗
PubMed1999

Minimally invasive treatment of thoracic empyema.

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of serial thoracocentesis and saline irrigation for the treatment of pleural empyema, for post-pneumonia versus other causes. METHODS: Included were 42 consecutive patients with complicated pleural effusion (n=14) or frank pus (n=28) at diagnostic thoracocentesis, of mean age 57.5 +/- 23.7 years. Pneumonia was the probable cause in 29 patients, other causes (principally thoracic surgery) in 13. In addition to antibiotics in all patients, ultrasonography-guided serial suction thoracocentesis with saline irrigation was used as therapy of first choice in most patients: 28/29 post-pneumonia and 9/13 non-pneumonic empyema. Exceptions were mainly on the grounds of preceding thoracic surgery. RESULTS: Success rate was 86% in the post-pneumonia group, with no crossovers to more invasive therapy. Mortality was 14%, none empyema-related. Treatment was less successful in the non-pneumonia group at 69%, with a 56% crossover rate from thoracocentesis due to therapy failure. Mortality was 23 %. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that timely, minimally invasive therapy is a feasible modality for the management of post-pneumonia thoracic empyema. Serial thoracocentesis was less suitable for the treatment of non-pneumonic empyema, however, particularly if it was a surgical complication. More invasive strategies seem preferable in such cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Thymic tuberculosis: a case report.

Tuberculosis of the thymus is an extremely rare diagnosis, only three cases having been reported in the literature to date. Clinical, roentgenographic and histopathological findings are presented in a 29-year-old woman. The patient underwent sternotomy for a mediastinal mass suspected to be a thymoma, which was histopathologically diagnosed as thymic tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Endobronchial lipoma posing as carcinoma.

Endobronchial lipoma is an extremely rare tumour. Although it is benign, recurrent obstructive pneumonia may cause significant morbidity and induce cytological findings suggestive of carcinoma. A case is presented demonstrating clinical, diagnostic and histopathological findings in this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of epidemic (AIDS-related) Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor seen in patients with HIV-1 infection. KS causes significant morbidity and mortality through involvement of the skin and visceral organs. The optimal treatment for KS depends on the extent of the disease and immunologic status. However, with knowledge gained on the pathogenesis of disease, newer therapies and compounds are being developed. Early disease patients are best treated with either local therapy or agents that have low toxicity and can be delivered long term. Advanced disease, such as in patients with widespread mucocutaneous disease, lymphedema, and visceral disease, are treated most effectively with cytotoxic agents such as liposomal anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, or paclitaxel. Future treatment developments are focusing on the role of effective anti-HIV therapy and anti-human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 therapy in an effort to interfere with key steps in the etiology of KS to control the disease. Secondly, agents that focus on the interruption of autocrine and paracrine growth factors such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 are of therapeutic interest. Some of these compounds currently under evaluation include antiangiogenesis inhibitors and retinoids.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The impact of China's health sector reform on county hospitals.

The article describes the impact of China's health sector reform on relatively small hospitals in rural counties. It uses one county hospital to illustrate how pressures to increase revenue, combined with distortionary pricing policies, have led to cost increases. It argues that the introduction of hospital insurance could accelerate the cost increases unless measures are taken to control costs. These measures will include improvements to hospital management and changes to mechanisms of payment for hospital services. Government will have to play an active role to ensure that county hospitals serve the needs of rural people.

China↗
PubMed1990

Time trends and survival in patients presented for surgery with non-small-cell lung cancer 1969-1985.

All evaluable patients (n = 920) with primary non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were presented for surgery in our hospital between 1969 and 1985 were reviewed as to histological findings, postoperative stage, age group and surgical procedure. Time trend analyses showed a significant increase over time in the proportion of adenocarcinomas (p = 0.025) and in the proportion of the elderly (greater than or equal to 70 years; p = 0.014). The 5-year survival rates by year of operation showed no improvement at all over time; on the contrary they showed a decline, which however only reached significance for patients who underwent pneumonectomy (p = 0.034). It is noted that the overall survival curves up to 5 years showed no significant differences between patients with adenocarcinoma and patients with squamous cell carcinoma, or between patients aged 70 years or more and patients aged 60-69 years. Despite expanded preoperative diagnostic techniques and developments in surgical treatment, no improvement in the survival after surgery for NSCLC over the period 1969-1985 could be established.

Adenocarcinoma↗