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Biomedical subjects

C Justice

Publications and source records attributed to C Justice.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Memory conformity: exploring misinformation effects when presented by another person.

Two experiments demonstrate that post-event information, when delivered by another person, can affect people's memory reports. In the first experiment participants were shown several cars, and later, in pairs, given an 'old'/'new' recognition test on these cars plus several lures. There was a small but reliable effect of memory conformity. When the person was given misinformation this lowered accuracy, while presenting accurate information increased accuracy. In the second experiment participants, in pairs, viewed an identical crime except that half saw an accomplice with the thief and half did not. Initial memories were very accurate, but after discussing the crime with the other person in the pair (who saw a slightly different sequence), most pairs conformed. Confidence ratings strongly predicted which person in the pair persuaded the other. Parallels with eyewitness testimony in the Oklahoma bombing case and implications for police interviewing more generally are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Microbial fouling of reverse-osmosis membranes used in advanced wastewater treatment technology: chemical, bacteriological, and ultrastructural analyses.

Biofouling of reverse-osmosis membranes was investigated at an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Cellulose diacetate membranes operated for approximately 4,000 h became uniformly coated with a mucilaginous fouling layer. The fouling material was approximately 93% water by weight, and nearly 90% of the dehydrated residue was organic in composition. Calcium, phosphorous, sulfur, and chlorine were the major inorganic constituents detected. Protein and carbohydrate represented as much as 30 and 17%, respectively, of the dry weight of the biofilm. Bacteriological plate counts indicated up to 5.6 X 10(6) CFU/cm2 of membrane surface. Accumulation of [3H]glucose in the biofilm and measurement of ATP indicated that the fouling bacteria were metabolically active in situ. The genus Acinetobacter and the Flavobacterium-Moraxella group were the major generic groups associated with the feedwater surface of the membrane, whereas species of the generic groups Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas-Alcaligenes, and Bacillus-Lactobacillus predominated on the permeate water surface. Electron microscopy revealed that the biofilm on the feedwater surface of the membrane was 10 to 20 microns thick and was composed of several layers of compacted bacterial cells, many of which were partially or completely autolyzed. The bacteria were firmly attached to the membrane surface by an extensive network of extracellular polymeric fibrils. Polyester (Texlon) support fibers located on the permeate surface of the reverse osmosis membranes were sparsely colonized, suggesting bacterial regrowth in the product water collection system.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atrial natriuretic factor and sympathetic nervous output in response to volume shifts in the immature canine circulation.

This study evaluated the immature circulation's response to acute shifts in intravascular volume with respect to atrial natriuretic factor and plasma catecholamines. Serial measurements were performed on thirteen beagle puppies during volume expansion with a saline and albumin solution followed by volume contraction with furosemide. Atrial natriuretic factor correlated with right (r = .73, p less than 0.001) and left (r = .62, p less than 0.001) atrial pressures and increased to much greater levels than previously reported for mature animals. Simultaneously, 10 puppies had a progressive decrease in plasma norepinephrine over the 60-minute infusion (p less than 0.05) while two puppies demonstrated a marked increase between the 30- and 60-minute samples. Furosemide increased urine output and reversed the hormonal changes caused by volume expansion. Thus a greatly augmented output of atrial natriuretic factor occurs in the immature canine circulation in response to increased atrial and pulmonary pressures, while sympathetic output remains unchanged or falls with increasing intravascular volume until a critical decrease in cardiac output triggers a catecholamine surge.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in clinical pathology parameters during gestation in the New Zealand white rabbit.

Hematology and serum chemistry parameters were analyzed in 2 groups of pregnant rabbits to assess changes in these parameters over the course of gestation. These data were used to generate a historical control reference range for embryofetal development regulatory toxicology studies. During the 28-day gestation period, the following major changes were observed. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased slightly up to day 13 and subsequently decreased progressively to a nadir for all parameters on day 25. Reticulocyte counts increased maximally by day 16 and then decreased to a minimum value on day 28. White blood cell counts progressively declined after day 7. Platelet counts increased slightly by day 10, were relatively stable until day 13, then progressively decreased to a nadir on day 25. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferease values increased steadily throughout the study to reach a maximum value on day 25. Triglycerides increased to their maximum value by day 19 and then steadily decreased until day 28, whereas cholesterol decreased progressively to reach a nadir on day 25. Urea and total protein decreased steadily from day 13 onward. Calcium values decreased throughout the study to reach a minimum value on day 28. Phosphorus values increased slightly on days 7 and 13 and then progressively decreased to reach a nadir on day 28. With a few exceptions, changes that occur in clinical pathology parameters during pregnancy in the rabbit are similar to those observed in pregnant women. Therefore, the rabbit can be considered a suitable species for embryofetal development toxicity studies with regard to clinical pathology.

Animals↗