Biomedical subjects

C K Bryan

Publications and source records attributed to C K Bryan.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1982

In vitro and in vivo responses of cytomegalovirus to acyclovir.

Laboratory strains and fresh isolates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were tested for sensitivity to acyclovir. Fifty percent inhibition was achieved at about 10 micrograms/ml, but 25 to 100 micrograms/ml was necessary for 90 percent or greater inhibition. Acyclovir was administered intravenously to four patients with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. There was only a temporary diminution of virus titer in the urine and no obvious clinical improvement. One child experienced hematuria. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a large volume of distribution and slow excretion of acyclovir with a half-life of approximately three hours.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1982

Acyclovir treatment of herpes zoster infections. Use in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Three patients in whom herpes zoster infections developed following bone marrow transplantation were treated with acyclovir. The patients experienced pain relief within 24 hours of starting treatment. The progression of their skin lesions halted within 1, 2, and 4 days of therapy, respectively, and healed completely within two weeks of therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that acyclovir plasma concentration-time profiles approximated biexponential equations. The drug half-lives were 3.91, 3.83, and 3.40 hours, respectively. Acyclovir was not myelotoxic and may be helpful in aborting varicella-zoster virus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1980

Estimating creatinine clearance in children: comparison of three methods.

Three methods of estimating creatinine clearance (Clcr) in children were compared in pediatric patients ranging in age from 1 to 16 years. Sixty-eight measured Clcr determinations, normalized to ml/min/1.73 sq m of body surface area, were performed on 58 patients. Estimated Clcr values were calculated using the methods of Schwartz et al. (Method I), Shull et al. (Method II), and Rudd et al. (Method III), and each method was correlated with the measured creatinine clearance. Mean prediction error (estimated Clcr minus measured Clcr) also was compared for the methods to assess the relative prediction accuracy. Measured and estimated Clcr values correlated well (Method I, r = 0.90; Method II, r = 0.85; Method III, r = 0.80; p less than 0.0001). Mean prediction errors for Methods I and III (4.1 and -2.8 ml/min/1.73 sq m, respectively) were not significantly different; however, both methods were significantly more accurate (p less than 0.01) than Method II (mean prediction error: -17.4 ml/min/1.73 sq m). In this study, Method I, which was based on height and serum creatinine, was found to have the greatest accuracy and simplicity and to be the most clinically useful method of the three methods. The applicability of the three methods to pediatric patients with severe renal disease is uncertain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Bretylium tosylate: a review.

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, adverse effects, drug interactions and dosage of bretylium tosylate, a recently approved antiarrhythmic agent, are reviewed. Bretylium tosylate is used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, principally ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, that have not responded to treatment with first-line antiarrhythmic agents. The drug has a direct positive inotropic effect on the myocardium and blocking effect on postganglionic sympathetic nerve transmission. The drug is poorly absorbed orally, requiring either i.m. or i.v. administration. Drug excretion occurs primarily through the kidney, necessitating dosage modification in renal disease. Hypotension is the most commonly observed adverse reaction to bretylium tosylate. Rapid i.v. administration may cause severe nausea and vomiting, and i.m. injection at the same site may cause atrophy and necrosis of muscle tissue. Quinidine and procainamide may potentiate the hypotensive effects of bretylium. Bretylium will aggravate digitalis-induced arrhythmias. Bretylium's use in resistant ventricular tachyarrhythmias requires close clinical monitoring.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMed1977