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Biomedical subjects

C K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to C K Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine during acute experimental anaemia in anaesthetized cats.

Experiments were performed on anaesthetized artificially ventilated cats to study the effects of phenylephrine (PE) on cardiovascular responsiveness, before and after induction of experimental anaemia. Acute anaemia was induced by replacement of blood by dextran in three steps of 20% each of total estimated blood volume. The effect of PE (20 micrograms/kg) was investigated at four stages: control and after 1st, 2nd and 3rd exchanges of blood. Induction of anaemia produced a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) and a decrease in right atrial pressure (RAP). No significant change in mean arterial pressure (MAP), LV dP/dt max and blood gas tension was observed. Administration of bolus dose of PE produced a rapid rise in MAP, LVdP/dt max, and a decrease in HR without a change in the RAP. The pattern of response to PE was similar after induction of acute anaemia, however the magnitude of the response was significantly reduced. The attenuation in the response to PE was related to the fall in the haematocrit (HCT) level. This shows that induction of experimental anaemia, produced an increase in CO due to an increase in HR and SV and the effect of PE on cardiovascular responsiveness was significantly attenuated. The reduced sensitivity to PE during acute anaemia could be due to many factors such as inadequate O2 supply, effect of local vasodilating agents or some other cardiotonic agents which are known to contribute to vascular responsiveness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity (L-ADA) in leprosy, during and after treatment of reactions.

Twenty-five patients with type 1 (lepra) and type 2 (E.N.L.) leprosy reactions were studied for lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity (L-ADA), during and after treatment of the reactions, using a standard technique, in order to establish its pattern and if possible, its value in assessing the course of reactions. The results were compared with those from 30 control subjects, comprising 10 normal healthy adults, 10 patients with borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy, four patients with borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy and six patients with lepromatous (LL) leprosy. The level of L-ADA in the leprosy controls was higher than that of normal healthy subjects. The L-ADA values in patients with different types of reactions were about 10-fold higher than those obtained from leprosy controls, emphasizing a possible role in assessing reactions in leprosy. However, there was no significant variation in L-ADA levels, either between the various leprosy controls or reaction groups, before and after treatment.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1992

Reaction in leprosy: acute phase reactant response during and after remission.

Sera from 25 patients with type 1 (Lepra), upgrading and downgrading, and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum [ENL]) reactions were assayed, during the reaction and after its clinical remission, for changes in levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1A) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The results were compared with those from normal healthy adults and patients of leprosy without history and/or clinical evidence of reaction. The A1A levels correlated better with changes in status of type 1 reaction; whereas CRP levels correlated well with alterations in type 2 reactions and were definitely superior to A1A in this situation for monitoring the course of these episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Biological standardization of pollen allergens from India.

Standardization of allergens are achieved by in vitro and in vivo methods. Some of the allergens from Western countries are standardized using biological potency of the extracts but no attempt has been made till now to standardize any of the pollen extracts from India based on biological units. Therefore, we have attempted to standardize two important pollen allergens Ricinus communis and Holoptelea integrifolia by biological methods. Broadly the methods adopted by Dreborg and Grimmer (1983) was followed. Skin prick tests were carried out with the extracts of R. communis and H. integrifolia on 15 allergic patients in five three fold log dilutions starting with 1:10, in 50% glycerinated buffer. Glycerinated buffer (50%) and histamine dihydrochloride (1 mg/ml) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The mean wheal diameter obtained with different concentrations showed a gradual systematic fall with increase in dilution. The mean relative diameter (% of histamine reaction) varied from 124.1 +/- 8.9 to 33.7 +/- 6.1 and 78.9 +/- 5.5 to 21.4 +/- 3.8 with the highest and lowest concentrations of R. communis and H. integrifolia pollen antigens, respectively. The histamine equivalent concentration of antigen 1,000 Biological Units (BU) obtained for crude pollen extracts of R. communis and H. integrifolia was 1:17 and 1:22 respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Estimation of ED50 or LD50 using a programmable pocket calculator.

A program is developed for estimation of median effective dose (ED50 or LD50), using the hand-held programmable pocket calculator HP41CV. The well-known Finney's algorithm of probit analysis is used. Input of data is simple, but is restricted to a maximum of 15 groups. The program structure makes use of the technique of indirect addressing for storage, and statistical register manipulation for weighted regression. The ability of the calculator to give sufficiently precise results can be exploited in other similar situations.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of circulating lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies in childhood and adult leprosy.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte assays using monoclonal antibodies were done in 66 patients with leprosy, consisting of 25 children and 41 adults. The results were statistically analyzed for correlations, if any, among the different age groups and matched controls. The results, however, failed to show any significant correlation, nor was it possible to draw any conclusion as to why the disease spectrum in children tends to be incomplete (ie, there is a low incidence of the highly bacilliferous form of disease expression).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Soluble interleukin-2 receptors: levels in leprosy, and during and after type 1 (lepra) and type 2 (ENL) reactions.

Twenty-five patients with Type 1 (lepra) and Type 2 (ENL) reactions, were assayed for SIL-2R in serum--before and after treatment for their acute condition--and the results were compared with 10 normal healthy adults and 20 patients of leprosy per se. Classification of each subject into different leprosy groups, and into various types and subtypes of reactions, was done according to standard criteria, prior to inclusion into the study. Detailed statistical evaluation of the data revealed significantly higher levels of SIL-2R in all leprosy patients, as compared to normal controls, with higher levels in the multibacillary groups as compared to the paucibacillary group. SIL-2Rs appeared higher in Type 1 upgrading reaction than in other forms of reaction, though this was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in levels following treatment and clinical remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of filarial skin test with Brugia malayi larval antigen in the field.

To obtain comparable and reproducible results by filaria skin test with B. malayi larval antigen, standard procedure has been evolved. Antigen protein of 2 micrograms per test, injected intracutaneously, was found optimum for positive skin reaction. The reaction ratio based on increase of wheal area by 2 times or more was found to be statistically significant for interpreting positive results. However, in larger field trials, the simpler measurement of increase of wheal diameter by 1 1/2 times or more was found to be equally reliable. Patients treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate, antihistaminics and anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be unresponsive to filarial antigen and will yield incorrect information.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Circadian periodicity in microfilarial counts.

We propose a second-order harmonic model to describe circadian periodicity in the 24-h cycle of microfilarial counts. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected with Brugia malayi. Definite evidence of circadian periodicity was found in the microfilarial counts. The estimates of the parameters, periodicity indices and peak hours were determined.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Stability of oral polio vaccine at different temperatures.

The stability of five batches of oral polio vaccine stored at -20, 4-8, 22 and 36 degrees C for 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. The virus titrations were performed by the standard macro-method. There was little loss in virus titre when samples were kept at -20 and 4-8 degrees C for 21 days, whereas the samples exposed to 36 degrees C for 21 days showed almost complete loss in virus titre. The average loss in virus titre in a year (log TCID50) was 0.47 at -20 degrees C and 0.65 at 4-8 degrees C when various samples were stored at these temperatures. At 22 degrees C the average loss in virus titre after 21 days was about 1.50. The samples subjected to ten cycles of freezing and thawing did not show any loss in virus titre. Likewise there was not much loss in virus titre in three samples stored at 4-8 degrees C for a year. Oral polio vaccine stabilized with magnesium chloride is quite a stable vaccine and maintenance of a proper cold chain is recommended for the delivery of a potent vaccine in countries with high ambient temperature.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1982

Statistical models relating peak expiratory flow rates to age, height, and weight in men and women.

An epidemiological survey of 1239 normal subjects without respiratory symptoms was undertaken in an urban locality of New Delhi in 1974. The subjects were divided into males aged under or over 22 and females under or over 17. Various statistical models were calculated to relate peak expiratory flow rate to the age, height, and weight of the subjects in each group. The linear model was simple, convenient, and adequately explained the variation in peak expiratory flow rate.

Adolescent↗