Kaho'olawe: traditional Hawaiian diet (THD) and health.
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Attitude to Health↗
Biomedical subjects
C K Hughes
Publications and source records attributed to C K Hughes.
Uli'eo Koa--warrior preparedness.
The Uli'eo Koa Program was developed to study physiological and spiritual changes that occurred in a group of active Native Hawaiian adults participating in a specially designed, culturally appropriate exercise and diet intervention that approximated the training for Native Hawaiian warriors. Program components were physical exercise (including traditional Hawaiian lua [fighting art]), a traditional Hawaiian diet (THD), lomilomi (Hawaiian massage), and a culturally rich health education program for active Native Hawaiian adults. Periodic assessments of muscle strength/fitness, flexibility, body composition, weight, body mass index, as well as other indicators, were compared to current standards of clinical medicine and science related to physical performance. Differences observed from baseline to post-intervention suggested that the Uli'eo Koa Program may be effective in improving the health of Native Hawaiians. Limitations and clinical implications of the study are discussed.
Adult↗
Cancer research studies in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.
PURPOSE: To review and assess published findings from relevant cancer research studies in Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders and to develop strategies for designing and implementing successful cancer research studies in the future. METHODS: Data were collected primarily from MEDLINE and BIOSIS Preview searches of the English literature during a 30-year period for published reports of cancer surveillance studies and epidemiological and clinical cancer studies in the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander populations. The cancer burden was critically assessed in the retrieved citations for each of the indigenous groups from Hawai'i, American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. RESULTS: A review of the published literature revealed a lack of systematic data collection on cancer incidence and mortality in Pacific Islanders. Wide variations were found regarding the status of cancer research among ethnic groups. It is estimated that Native Hawaiians represent 0.1% of subjects accrued to cancer prevention trials, and that Pacific Islanders represent 0.5% of subjects in a large cancer screening trial. CONCLUSION: The paucity of cancer data and clinical cancer research supports the need for increased attention to these indigenous populations to improve the quality of cancer care in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Island communities.
Ethnicity↗
Diet-related cancer in Native Hawaiians.
BACKGROUND: Since contact with Westerners in 1778, the native people of the Hawaiian Islands have experienced multiple health and social problems. Among these are the debilitating effects of high rates of cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: The method used in this article was a review and integration of the literature on cancer among Native Hawaiians. The empiric and conceptual literature related to cancer among Native Hawaiians has emerged primarily in the past two decades; therefore, it is limited and sometimes not fully complete. Despite the restricted nature of the literature, there is sufficient evidence to indicate the disproportionate rates of cancer among this native population. RESULTS: An important result of this review is the prescription regarding the incorporation of cultural practices and beliefs into health care services. In particular, incorporating the traditional Hawaiian diet into nutrition programs aimed at health education and promotion may have long-term consequences for cancer prevention. Preliminary data on dietary intervention for Native Hawaiians reveal success on several health indices. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention programs that use elements of a culture, such as the traditional Hawaiian diet, reflect the inherent strengths of that culture. A resolution to improve health status of Native Hawaiians in the 21st century will, in part, require a respect and systematic inclusion of such traditional elements into health care services.
Diet↗
Heart disease and associated risk factors among Hawaiians: culturally responsive strategies.
The incidence of heart disease is disproportionately large among the Hawaiian population. This article discusses the prevalence of heart disease and associated risk factors among Hawaiians and identifies barriers to health care, including accessibility and the acceptability of services to this population. Case examples are provided. Culturally responsive strategies to address these problems are described, and implications for social work are discussed.
Cultural Characteristics↗
Traditional diets of the Pacific and coronary heart disease.
Traditional diets of the Pacific have been historically associated with very low rates of coronary heart disease. Both Pacific rim and Pacific island diets are uniformly very low in fat (approximately 10-15%) and high in complex carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and foods of plant origin. With the high burden of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in most modernized nations, it may be time to look at these traditional diets of the Pacific as one model for the prevention and reversal of these diseases.
China↗
Obesity and cardiovascular risk intervention through the ad libitum feeding of traditional Hawaiian diet.
The Waianae Diet Program is a community-based intervention strategy designed to be culturally appropriate by using a pre-Western-contact Hawaiian diet to reduce chronic-disease risk factors in Native Hawaiians. This paper describes a trial of the traditional Hawaiian diet fed ad libitum to Native Hawaiians with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease to assess its effect on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty Native Hawaiians were placed on a pre-Western-contact Hawaiian diet for 21 d. The diet was low in fat (7%), high in complex carbohydrates (78%), and moderate in protein (15%). Participants were encouraged to eat to satiety. Average energy intake decreased from 10.86 MJ (2594 kcal)/d to 6.57 MJ (1569 kcal)/d. Average weight loss was 7.8 kg (P less than 0.0001) and average serum cholesterol decreased 0.81 mmol/L (P less than 0.001) from 5.76 to 4.95 mmol/L. Blood pressure decreased an average of 11.5 mm Hg systolic (P less than 0.001) and 8.9 mm Hg diastolic (P less than 0.001).
Cardiovascular Diseases↗