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Biomedical subjects

C Kamme

Publications and source records attributed to C Kamme.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Evaluation of spiramycin as a therapeutic agent for elimination of nasopharyngeal pathogens. Possible use of spiramycin for middle ear infections and for gonococcal and meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage.

Varying doses of spiramycin were administered orally to healthy volunteers, and concentrations in serum and saliva were determined. The absorption of the drug was not significantly influenced by concomitant food intake. Saliva peak concentrations were 1.3--4.8 times higher than peak concentrations in serum. The elimination half life was 2--3 h in serum, and 4--8 h in saliva. Accumulation of the drug was seen in saliva but not in serum. The possible effect of spiramycin in eliminating bacteria from the nasopharynx was evaluated in vitro by comparing the spiramycin saliva concentrations with the MICs of bacteria known to establish themselves in the nasopharynx. At a concentration of 1.2 microgram/ml, spiramycin inhibited all investigated strains of group A streptococci, pneumococci and Branhamella catarrhalis, and at 2.4 microgram/ml all investigated gonococci. Concentrations of 19 and 38 microgram/ml, respectively, were required to inhibit all meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Following administration of 1.5 g spiramycin as a single daily dose for 3 days, the mean concentration in saliva reached or surpassed the MIC values of streptococci, pneumococci and Branhamella for 45 h, and of gonococci for 25 h. The possible use of spiramycin for prevention of relapses in acute otitis media and in treatment of serous otitis media is discussed, as well as the possible use of the drug in gonococcal and meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Tobramycin in patients with various infections: a clinical evaluation.

22 patients with various gram-negative infections were treated with tobramycin at a dose of approximately 3 mh/kg body weight/24 h for 7 to 53 (mean 16) days. Therapy was monitored with determinations of drug serum concentrations and renal and audio-vestibular function tests. In 16 patients either cure of clinical improvement were achieved. Two patients did not improve. In another 4 patients the effect of tobramycin therapy could nto be evaluated. One patient exhibited a subclinical vestibular dysfunction and one patient experienced transient tinnitus. In one patient, slight but clinically significant renal impairment occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bioavailability of metronidazole in fasting and non-fasting healthy subjects and in patients with Crohn's disease.

The possible influence of food intake on the bioavailability of metronidazole was examined in ten health volunteers by administration of a single dose of metronidazole on an empty stomach, and with a standardized breakfast. Food intake did not significantly alter the bioavailability of metronidazole. The interindividual variation in bioavailability appeared to be slight. In nine patients with Crohn's disease, the absorption of metronidazole appeared to be reduced and to be more variable than in healthy subjects. In both groups there was a clear relationship between the amount absorbed and dose/kg body weight. Thus, from the pharmacokinetic point of view, metronidazole can safely be given either with or between meals. The dose should be related to body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

C1 subcomponents in acute pneumococcal otitis media in children.

Twenty children with acute pneumococcal otitis media were studied. In 6 children the infection ran a normal course and healed after the first episode and in 14 it relapsed. The serum levels of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM were normal in all 20 children. Specific antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide were found in all cases, with no differences in the titers between the relapsed cases and those that healed. The complement components were quantitated with electroimmuno assay. G1q proved depressed in 60 per cent of the relapsed cases and in 16 per cent of the healed cases. C1r and C1s were disproportionally high compared with the C1q levels. Furthermore, crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed abnormal complexes composed of C1r and C1s, and complexes composed of C1r, C1s and C1 IA. These complexes were more pronounced in sera from the children with relapsing otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Staphylococcus aureus in the throat: A saprophyte or a pathogen?

144 industrial workers were investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the upper respiratory tract because 53 of them had complained of chronic throat discomfort. Significantly more patients with subjective throat complaints harboured Staph. aureus in the nose (49.1%) and throat (32.1%) than patients without such symptoms (27.4% and 9.9%, respectively). No Staph. aureus were found in throat swab cultures from 21 randomly selected individuals working in a similar factory where no chronic throat discomfort was reported and only 2 throat carriers of Staph. aureus were found among 66 medical undergraduates investigated. The staphylocci belonged to several different phage type patterns and could not be recovered on sedimentation plates or from machines or products. In the light of these and other findings it was suggested that the staphylocci accentuated an already existing damage of the mucous membrane of the throat, but seemed not to be the primary cause of the discomfort.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1975

Metronidazole for Crohn's disease.

Five patients with Crohn's disease for 4 months to 12 years were treated with metronidazole. Four of them improved after 2-4 weeks' treatment. In three of them corticosteroids and sulphasalazine could be withdrawn. One patient did not improve until 4 months of metronidazole treatment had passed and corticosteroids were reintroduced. In three patients metronidazole was discontinued after 4-6 months of treatment. Two of them had no signs or symptoms of relapse 3 and 6 months later. The third patient is free from symptoms but laboratory data indicate disease activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Erythromycin stearate in acute maxillary sinusitis.

76 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were treated with oral erythromycin stearate (500 mg twice or 3 times a day for 10 days). The mean concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion after 3-5 days' treatment was 0.6 mug/ml with the lower dosage and 1.3 mug/ml with the higher. The concentration of erythromycin in the sinus secretion was, on the average, 10-20 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for group A streptococci and pneumococci, and reached MIC values for 15-30% of 100 examined strains of Haemophilus influenzae. 81% of the patients given the smaller and 94% of those given the larger dose improved or recovered. Radiological improvement was demonstrated in both groups. The infections with H. influenzae tended to respond somewhat less to the treatment than those with pneumococci. Comparisons of the roentgen findings and the findings at aspiration showed good agreement. An extra projection taken with the patient recumbent and the affected side downwards gave no information above that obtained from the routine projections. The large dose caused side effects more often (in 17/41 patients) than the smaller one (4/35 patients). In 10 patients treatment was discontinued because of side effects; 8 of them had received the larger dose.

Acute Disease↗