PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Kendrick

Publications and source records attributed to C Kendrick.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

T-tropic sequence of the V3 loop is critical for HIV-1 infection of CXCR4-positive colonic HT-29 epithelial cells.

Some colonic and neuronal cells which are CD4- but galactosyl ceramide-positive are susceptible to infection with HIV-1. We have previously shown that the T-cell tropic V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 serves as a primary viral determinant for infectivity of CD4- neuronal cells. However, the nature of the V3 loop of HIV-1 needed for infection and the V3 loop's interaction with coreceptors on colonic epithelial cells have not been fully analyzed. By using HIV-1 molecular clones, we show that the T-cell tropic V3 domain is critical for HIV-1 infection of colonic HT-29 epithelial cells. Because T-cell tropic HIV-1 can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor in T cells, we set out to determine the role of CXCR4 during infection of HT-29 cells. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining, we show that these epithelial cells of colonic origin express the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Importantly, antibody against CXCR4 or a neutralizing antibody against HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop blocks T-cell tropic HIV-1 entry into HT-29 cells. These data indicate that the V3 loop of HIV-1 and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are both critical for HIV-1 infection of colonic HT-29 epithelial cells. An HIV-1 T-tropic virus may be responsible for the infection of human colonic epithelial cells in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Temperamental differences, family relationships, and young children's response to change within the family.

In a longitudinal study of 40 firstborn children, temperamental differences between the children were found to be linked to the emergence and persistence of anxious and unhappy behaviour over the year following the birth of a sibling. Direct observation showed that these temperamental differences were also associated with differences in the children's interactions with their mothers, and with differences in their behaviour towards their mothers when mother and sibling were interacting. In contrast, the wide range of individual differences in the behaviour of the firstborn children to their siblings was not associated with temperamental difference between the children. There was some evidence for continuity in temperamental differences between the assessments before and after the sibling birth, but in many children the behavioural changes were marked. These findings underline the clinical significance of temperamental differences in children's vulnerability to changes in family life; they also indicate that 'temperament' should be considered not as a characteristic of the child independent of his or her particular family relationships but, on the contrary, as closely linked to his or her relationship with the mother, and as susceptible to the effects of marked change in the family environment.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1982

Protest or pleasure? The response of first-born children to interactions between their mothers and infant siblings.

Triadic interactions between mother, pre-school age first-born, and 14-month-old second-born siblings were studied in 40 families as part of a longitudinal study using home observations. Interactions between mother and second-born exerted as important influence on the behaviour of the first-born; individual differences in the response of the first-born children were associated with difference in temperament of the first child, their reaction to the sibling birth, and with the sex of the sibling dyad. The age gap between siplings and the sex of sibling dyad influenced the time mother and second-born spent in interaction and the quality of this interaction.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Studying temperament and parent-child interaction: comparison of interview and direct observation.

Comparison between ratings of children's temperament from maternal interview and ratings by an observer in a sample of 40 families showed a high rate of agreement for temperament traits other than that of activity. When the temperatment assessment by maternal interview was compared with the data from direct observation of the child, the results provided some validation for the temperament assessment interview ratings, and also showed that differences in maternal behaviour were associated with the reported differences in child temperament. Some agreement was found between the data from direct observation of the families, and the description by mothers of the behaviour of their first-born children after the birth of a sibling.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A progressive sequence of electroencephalographic changes during generalized convulsive status epilepticus.

Review of 60 electroencephalograms recorded during episodes of generalized convulsive status epilepticus suggested that there are 5 identifiable EEG patterns which occur in a predictable sequence during the course of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in man: (1) discrete seizures; (2) merging seizures with waxing and waning amplitude and frequency of EEG rhythms; (3) continuous ictal activity; (4) continuous ictal activity punctuated by low voltage 'flat periods'; and (5) periodic epileptiform discharges on a 'flat' background. We confirmed our hypothesis that this sequence represents the natural history of electroencephalographic changes in untreated generalized convulsive status epilepticus by observing the same sequence in the EEGs of rats in which status epilepticus had been induced by 3 different methods: (1) systemic administration of kainic acid, (2) injection of homocysteine thiolactone to cobalt-lesioned rats; and (3) injection of lithium chloride followed 24 h later by injection of pilocarpine.

Adult↗