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Biomedical subjects

C Klicpera

Publications and source records attributed to C Klicpera.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Course of depressive mood and psychomotor activation in endogenous depression.

The course of the depressive mood during depressive phases was measured by a self-rating mood scale and analyzed by various algorithms. Agitated, depressed patients often reveal a continuous decline in the depressive mood; retarded, depressed patients, on the other hand, often show brief and marked fluctuations in mood during remission. Although various effects occur due to treatment, especially differences between the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and antidepressants, the described changes in mood appear to be predominantly due to psychomotor activation. The relationship between these courses of depression is discussed and interpreted on the basis of biochemical and psychopharmacologic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Antidepressive treatment and mood swing patterns in endogenous depression.

In 105 patients with endogenous depression treated with antidepressants or ECT the course of the depressive state was evaluated by means of a self-rating mood scale (Befindlichkeits-Skala by von Zerssen). The scale was filled out every second day. The course of the depressive mood was computed by various algorithms for each patient. Two different courses of depressive mood could be identified: some patients showed a relatively continuous decline in the depressive mood, whereas others showed strong fluctuations. Although there were some correlations between type of treatment and extent of mood swings, other factors also seemed to be relevant. Thus, there appears to be an interaction between treatment effects and spontaneous rhythms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of somatic treatments on mood in endogenous depression.

The effects of ECT, amitriptyline, clomipramine, maprotiline and desipramine on the course of endogenous depression were compared in 105 patients using repeated self-administered mood questionnaires as the outcome measure. Remission was more rapid after ECT therapy than psychopharmacological treatment, but the absolute improvement did not differ significantly between ECT and other somatic therapies. Improvement in response to clomipramine was more rapid than to other psychopharmacological agents, and did not differ from that in response to ECT. The advantages and disadvantages of ECT for endogenous depression are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Cognitive and learning theory aspects of anxiety (author's transl)].

The learning model of anxiety by Mowrer and Miller has significantly influenced the development of theories in clinical psychology and psychosomatic medicine as well as the development of behavioral therapies. This concept, however, is insufficient in explaining factors effective in psychophysiological conditioning experiments, behavioral therapies, and in animal experiments of anxiety conditioning. This study discusses new learning theoretical concepts intending to explain the development and persistence of anxiety states. Therewith the various effects of cognitive, psychobiological, and situational factors on each other are of special significance. Therefore in studying the causes of anxiety states in clinical psychology the different components of anxiety dealt with in these theories have to be considered.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1978

Autonomic perception and responses in anxiety-inducing situations.

The anxiolytic and sedative properties of a thienodiazepine (clotiazepam) were investigated in 40 healthy subjects with varying degrees of arousal and with the aid of specific anxiety-inducing conditions. A cross-over design with a double blind technique was used. EEG, heart and respiratory rate, peripheral pulse volume and skin resistance were measured during the anxiety-inducing conditions with the visualization of neutral and fearful situations as well as with the threat of shock. The mood, physical sensations and behaviour tendencies of the test subjects were determined by self-rating questionnaires. The anxiolytic and sedative effects of the thienodiazepine under study were able to be differentiated as far as subjective perception and autonomic responses were concerned. The development of sedative and anxiolytic effects is dependent on the subject's state of arousal. Situations involving the anticipation of anxiety are sufficient as proof of pharmacogenic anxiolysis. The tranquilizer reduces anxiety and physical tension, but does not influence the timing of autonomic readiness responses, and thus does not affect the coping strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Criteria of heart rate response measurements in psychosomatic diagnosis].

The central function of the cardiovascular system in the internal homeostasis of the human organism and in the externally directed adaptive and transformative processes explains the importance of this system in psychophysiological investigations. At the same time it is apparent, that the functional complexity leads to methodological difficulties in the analysis of stimulus-response relationships. Using heart-rate-response to acoustical stimuli a variety of factors influencing form and extent of cardiovascular responses are discussed as there permit an explanation of varying results in psychophysiological studies on this topic. Two habituation experiments with a total of 100 subjects were used to analyse the depending of heart-rate upon type and intensity of stimuli and associated systemic variations with varying states of activation. An alternative method of measurement is presented which consideres the timing of heart-rate reaction, thus avoiding to undue the temporal coherence of the components of heart-rate response. This method offers the possibility for a real-time-comparison between different autonomic functions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Anxiety, arousal, and autonomic habituation.

The interaction of anxiety and autonomic activation as a factor in the development and persistency of pathological anxiety was investigated with the aid of self-rating procedures and a habituation experiment. The state of activation was varied systematically in 40 normal subjects by various experimental conditions and by the administration of a tranquilizer. The degree of anxiety and activation were able to be differentiated in the investigated range of mean attentiveness. Anxious expectancy is perceived in particular as subjective anxiety. Fatigue and sedation, on the other hand, demonstrate subjective and autonomic desactivation. Corresponding differences can be demonstrated for the anxiolytic and sedative effects of tranquilizers. The time course of habituation is a more exact indicator than the amplitude of the orienting response. Cognitively provoked apprehensiveness, thus, appears to be qualitatively different as compared to psychoautonomically caused anxieties of psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Autonomic activation and endogenous depression.

Psychophysiologic parameters were investigated in 10 patients with endogenous depression during the course of electroconvulsive therapy. Changes in the depressive mood were assessed by the patients at regular intervals using a general mood scale. EEG and heart rate response and habituation were recorded before, during, and after E.C.T. Prior to treatment a low variance and responsiveness and striking intra-individual stability were found in the physiologic parameters. At the start of E.C.T. there was a significant increase in the deviation values of heart rate and a significant increase in the occurrence of typical biphasic heart rate responses. The EEG showed increased amplitudes and a slowing of background activity. Treatment-dependent differences were also seen in the habituation of the EEG amplitude response. Regarding improvement in the depressive mood, differences were found between the retarded and the agitated patients. Agitated patients demonstrated a continous gradual decline of their depressive condition, while in retarded patients the general trend toward improvement passed through a period of increased mood lability. The results are interpreted with reference to the activation dependency of heart rate responses.

Adult↗