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Biomedical subjects

C Kohler

Publications and source records attributed to C Kohler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Somatostatin inhibits the activity of adenylate cyclase in cultured human meningioma cells and stimulates their growth.

It has been reported previously that most human meningiomas have receptors for somatostatin. Here we report the results of investigations of the effect of somatostatin and the somatostatin analog octreotide on the growth in vitro of human meningioma cells. Neither somatostatin nor its analog showed a direct growth inhibitory action on cultured human meningioma cells. Rather, there was a slight but significant stimulation of growth in the presence of somatostatin. The somatostatin receptors in meningioma tissue were shown to be functional since somatostatin inhibited forskolin-stimulated formation of cAMP by meningioma membranes. In addition, cAMP inhibited the growth of cultured meningioma cells. We conclude that the stimulation by somatostatin of the growth of human meningioma cells in vitro is caused by its inhibitory effect on cAMP formation. These results suggest that therapeutic trials of patients with (recurrent) inoperable meningiomas with somatostatin analogs have to be carried out with great caution.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

[Study of cells harvested in nasal secretions after lavage. Improvement of the cytologic technique and application to ORL and bronchial pathology].

The study of the cells found in the nasal lavage fluid is now a very used method. It has many advantages and it is better than the study of nasal smears obtained by nose blowing and/or swabbing. In this work, we have studied the nasal cytology of patients with a nasal or bronchial pathology. A count of inflammatory cells in a hemocytometer is performed in 301 noses then the percentage of various cell types (eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils) is performed on a glass slide stained by May Grunwald Giemsa. The results are correlated with the literature. The patients with a known NARES have a mean nasal eosinophilia of 26.8%; in the allergic rhinitis, the eosinophilia is 41.4%; the patients with a Fernand Widal Syndrome or with a nasosinusal polyposis have respectively a eosinophil percentage of 24.2% and 18.8%.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Change in the lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage 72 hours after the allergen provocation test in the asthmatic].

Fourteen patients suffering from perennial allergic asthma linked to mono-sensitivity to the house dust mite were studied. An initial bronchoalveolar lavage with standard cytology as well as a study of the T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, Leu 7) and B cells (CD19) was carried out, representing the basal situation. Four weeks later an allergic bronchial provocation test to purified extracts of the house dust mite was performed taking care to monitor the occurrence of any delayed bronchial response (8 out of 14). A second bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the bronchial provocation test. A significant rise of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar fluid was registered 72 hours after the provocation test; m +/- sem (%): 3.07 +/- 1.31 vs 7.78 +/- 1.22; p less than or equal to 0.005, Student t test for paired series. This large rise in eosinophils was observed independently of the type of response, whether immediate or biphasic. The CD4 lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly decreased after bronchial provocation tests m +/- sem (%) 12.21 +/- 2.79 vs 6.47 +/- 1.62; p less than or equal to 0.05 Student t test for paired series. There was no overall significant difference after the provocation tests in the CD8 lymphocyte subpopulation. However, a remarkable and significant rise was noted in the CD8 populations after bronchial provocation in 6 subjects presenting with an immediate isolated asthmatic reaction; m +/- sem (%) 10.17 +/- 4.01 vs 34 +/- 7.32, p less than 0.05, paired Wilcoxon test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Modifications of the thymus and splenic thymic dependent zones after in utero exposure to phenytoin: qualitative and quantitative analysis in C3H mice.

Pregnant female mice were randomly distributed in two groups and received twice a day by gavage either 25 mg/kg Dilantin in 0.2 ml distilled water or 0.2 ml distilled water till full term. The offspring were sacrificed on day 5. In the exposed group, the thymic cortex was reduced with a low mitotic activity in the lymphoid population while reticuloepithelial tissue was enlarged; numerous interdigitated reticular cells accumulate at the cortico/medulla border. In the spleen, the white pulp was enlarged because of lymphocytes accumulation in the periarteriolar sheets. In these two organs, the relative number of Thyl-2+, Lyt 1+ and Lyt 2+ T cell subsets were also modified showing especially a decrease in the thymus and an increase in the spleen of the Lyt 1+ cells. Since at the same time the thymus and the spleen of the females which reproduced the neonates are quite unchanged, it is concluded that the developing immune system of the fetal mouse is more susceptible to diphenylhydantoin than the immune system of the adult. This raises the question of the reversibility of this in utero acquired immune impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Selection and acquisition of audiovisual materials by health professionals.

Audiovisual (AV) materials are widely used in the education of health professionals, and health science educators are usually the people who select audiovisual teaching materials. However, little is known about the selection process and there are few parameters that can be used for guidance. No previous research was uncovered that documented the selection/acquisition of materials by users. This paper reports a survey of health science educators and resource consultants at forty-five academic health centers in the United States, on their experiences in identifying, selecting, and using AV materials. The results provide a baseline of information on which future research can build.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1977

The effect of guanethidine and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and vascular tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The present study examined the effects of antihypertensive drugs (hydrochlorothiazide and guanethidine) on blood pressure and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/kg X 4 days) lowered blood pressure in the SHR to a degree equivalent to that produced by reserpine (0.3 mg/kg X 3 days). However, while reserpine increased vascular and adrenal TH activity, hydrochlorothiazide had no effect. Guanethidine (30 mg/kg X 2 days) reduced blood pressure in the SHR and also depleted cardiac, vascular and adrenal gland catecholamines; However, guanethidine administration did not increase TH activity in the mesenteric vasculature or adrenal glands. These studies indicate that at equieffective blood pressure lowering doses, different antihypertensive drugs have different effects on TH activity in the SHR. Neither blood pressure reduction nor catecholamine depletion in peripheral tissues are sufficient prerequisties for increasing TH activity. The data support the suggestion, however, that amine depletion in the central nervous system or ganglia may be an important factor in the regulation of TH.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Sex hormones and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in vascular and adrenal tissue.

Vascular tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity did not appear to be affected by the sex hormones. There were no differences in enzyme activity in the mesenteric artery or vein taken from male and female normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats. Castration of either male or female rats did not alter mesenteric artery or vein TH activity, and the administration of estradiol, progesterone, or testosterone also had no effect on vascular TH activity. However, the sex hormones did alter activity in other tissues. Estradiol and progesterone administration to intact female rats increased adrenal TH activity, whereas castration of the male rat decreased it. Although the sex hormones were not important regulators of TH in blood vessels, vascular TH activity did appear to be under some hormonal regulation since hypophysectomy decreased mesenteric artery enzyme activity. Hypophysectomy studies also indicated that adrenal TH activity was under some hormonal regulation.

Adrenal Glands↗