Biomedical subjects
C Krause
Publications and source records attributed to C Krause.
[Arsenic exposure of various groups of persons].
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[Understanding of subclinical lead effects on the nervous system of children with known prenatal exposure in Nordenham].
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[Active ingredients of wood preservatives used in homes].
Wood preservation products have been applied in the domestic field for many years. Until 1977, formulations containing the insecticide lindane and the fungicide pentachlorophenol (PCP) had been used. In 90% of 217 households examined, wood protection products of this type had been applied and between 25 and about 1000 g lindane and between 5 g and about 10 kg PCP (including contaminating substances) had been used in a single house. Consequently, these active ingredients (e.g. PCP) could be detected increasingly in the environment and the organisms of persons living in the respective homes, i.e. in the air and in dust sampled indoors, in foodstuff and in urine. In comparison to samples of indoor air samples of domestic dust seem to be a much better indicator for exposure, as regards representativeness over an extended period. House dust is especially suitable for screening purposes because of its easy sampling and high biocide contents.
[Prevention of postoperative Candida endomycoses. Candida colonization and Candida antibodies in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery].
Of 23 patients undergoing heart surgery and 11 patients undergoing vessel surgery 26 (76%) are colonized with Candida albicans on admission to hospital. Postoperatively the yeast quantity in the mucocutaneous flora remains nearly constant in both groups. However, during the 2nd-3rd week after operation 21 heart surgery patients and 3 vessel surgery patients developed a significant rise in Candida antibodies in the Ig-classes G, M and/or A. Eight weeks after surgery the IgM-antibodies once again reached preoperative values in 14 of 16 patients; the IgG- and IgA-antibodies, however, tend to be of longer persistent. The antibody response is most probably due to Candida invasion via tracheal traumatization by prolonged intubation. Persistent elevation of IgM-antibodies indicates preventive antifungal therapy.
[Pentachlorophenol containing wood protective agents in living rooms].
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[Presence of trace elements in floor coverings].
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Busulphan-induced chromosomal aberrations in intestinal cells of Chinese hamster.
Chinese hamsters were given Busulphan, 25 and 50 mg/kg bw. After 18 h, chromosomes of the lining cells of the upper intestinal tract were prepared according to a newly developed method. The aberration rate was enhanced by a factor of about 25 after 25 mg/kg, but 50 mg/kg bw did not induce higher aberration rates. In the same animals the dose-dependent aberration rates were also determined in bone-marrow cells. Furthermore, the formation of SCEs in intestinal cells was observed. In a preliminary experiment, metaphase plates from intestinal cells of mice were prepared, too.
Effects of cadmium on the immune system of mice.
Chronic oral exposure of mice to Cd++ inhibits cell-mediated immunity of delayed type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No effect was detected on humoral immune response to SRBC. Spleen cells derived from mice exposed to Cd++ showed in vitro enhanced response to T and B cell mitogens. These results demonstrate that Cd++ exposure alters the immune system of mice.
The nasal dorsum flap.
Closure of full-thickness defects of the nasal tip and sorsum requires both a satisfactory functional and an acceptable cosmetic result. The nasal dorsum flap is particularly well suited for closure of many such defects. The basic design of the flap, as well as several useful modifications, are discussed.
Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity of mice by lead.
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Chromosome analyses of children after ecological lead exposure.
In the present work chromosome analysis was performed in a group of 30 children living in a town with a lead plant. Due to the emission of the smelter the individual lead uptake through food, drinking water and inhalation was increased. They were selected out of 1600 children whose blood lead level, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the erythrocytes and erythrocyte porphyrine level was measured. In the investigated group of children the values of these parameters showed to be indicative for a significant lead exposure. A total of 10,000 cells was scored after 48 h culture time. Despite a significantly increased lead load as compared with two groups of 10 children from a suburb and the isle of Helgoland there was neither evidence for a higher number of cells with structural chromosome aberrations, nor for an increased aberration yield.
[The blood lead level of mothers and their newborns and the amount of lead in the tissue of human placenta in relation to the environment (author's transl)].
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[External quality control measures for blood lead analysis of persons living in a high lead exposure area (author's transl)].
Analytical laboratories engaged in studies regarding the exposure of larger population groups to lead should--for the sake of better intercomparability of data--subject themselves to internal and external quality control. In this paper an example of external quality control for blood lead, ALA-D and FEP analysis by 3 institutes is given. Evaluation by correlation analysis showed satisfactory results for all 3 parameters studied. Apart from discussing the results, suggestions are made regarding conduction of realistic quality control measures for the 3 lead-dependent biological exposure parameters.
[Peritoneoscopy with 2 optical devices: reduced risk - better diagnostic results (author's transl)].
Peritoneoscopy with 2 optical devices was performed in two cases; the technique of this procedure is described. The method allows inspection of areas, which cannot be seen during routine peritoneoscopy, especially of the anterior abdominal wall and of intraabdominal organs covered by adhesions. In addition, this method allows to find out, whether the anterior abdominal wall and vessels in it were injured by the troikart; the risk of the procedure is reduced thereby. Using a second optical device allows to visualize areas, which cannot be studied during routine peritoneoscopy because of intraabdominal adhesions. Thus better diagnostic results can be achieved with this method as compared to the routine technique.
[Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and tuberculosis].
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Optical sensor for seawater salinity.
An optical sensor for the measurement of salinity in seawater has been developed. It is based on a chloride-quenchable fluorescent probe (lucigenin) immobilized on a Nafion film. Two approaches for measuring salinity via chloride concentration are presented. In the first, a change in salinity corresponds to a change in the fluorescence intensity of lucigenin. In the second, the fluorescence intensity information is converted into a phase angle information by adding an inert phosphorescent reference luminophore (a ruthenium complex entrapped in poly(acrylonitrile) beads). Under these conditions, the chloride-dependent fluorescence intensity of lucigenin can be converted into a chloride-dependent fluorescence phase shift which serves as the analytical information. This scheme is referred to as dual lifetime referencing (DLR). The sensor was used to determine the salinity in seawater and brackish water of the North Sea.
Inert phosphorescent nanospheres as markers for optical assays.
A simple encapsulation technique is presented to produce highly phosphorescent, inert nanospheres that are suitable luminescent markers. It is based on the coprecipitation of phosphorescent ruthenium(II)-tris(polypyridyl) complexes and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) derivatives from a solution in N,N-dimethylformamide. The beads precipitate in the form of very small aggregates of spherical shape and a typical particle diameter of less than 50 nm. This process allows the encapsulation of phosphorescent and fluorescent dyes in an individual nanosphere provided that they are sufficiently lipophilic. Quenching by oxygen is negligible due to the use of PAN. The nanospheres were characterized with respect to their spectral properties (quantum yields of the luminophores, brightness, luminescence decay time), stability in aqueous buffered suspensions, and in terms of size, shape, and surface charge of the particles, as well as storage stability, quenching by oxygen, and dye leaching.